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I Nyoman Sukajaya
Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha
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Performance comparison of feature extraction methods for electroencephalogram-based recognition of Balinese script Wirawan, I Made Agus; Pascima, Ida Bagus Nyoman; Mahendra, Gede Surya; Candiasa, I Made; Sukajaya, I Nyoman
International Journal of Advances in Applied Sciences Vol 15, No 1: March 2026
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijaas.v15.i1.pp55-64

Abstract

Recognizing Balinese script from electroencephalogram (EEG) signals remains a challenging problem due to low signal amplitude, non-stationary dynamics, and significant inter-subject variability. Despite previous attempts, no single feature extraction method has been universally effective in addressing these limitations. To fill this gap, this study systematically evaluates five feature extraction techniques—differential entropy (DE), power spectral density (PSD), discrete wavelet transforms (DWT), Hjorth parameters, and statistical features—on the Balinese imagined spelling using electroencephalography (BISE) dataset, which contains EEG recordings specifically designed for Balinese script recognition. For classification, both artificial neural networks (ANN) and support vector machines (SVM) are applied, and their performance is validated across multiple experimental settings. Results demonstrate that DE consistently provides more stable and discriminative features than the other methods, achieving the highest classification accuracy when combined with ANN. These findings highlight the potential of DE-based approaches to advance electroencephalogram driven Balinese script recognition, offering a culturally significant contribution to brain-computer interface (BCI) research and supporting future applications in inclusive artificial intelligence, digital heritage preservation, and assistive technologies.
Co-Authors ., Kadek Eva Virga Yuni Ananta Wijaya, Gde Indra Anggreni, Ni wayan Desi Astuti, I. A. D. Ayu, Kadek Erna Kembar Ayulia, D. A. S. Budayana, I Made Deanik, Ni Wayan Putri Surya Dewa Gede Hendra Divayana, Dewa Gede Hendra Eka Sucipta D, N. P. Gede Indrawan Gede Surya Mahendra Gede Suweken Gusti Agung Wirapathi Gusti Ayu Mahayukti I GA Gunadi I Gede Aris Gunadi I Gede Haga Olas Tyamarta I Gst Putu Sudiarta I Gusti Ngurah Pujawan I Gusti Nyoman Yudi Hartawan I Made Ardana I Made Candiasa I Made Pradipta I Wayan Puja Astawa I.G.N.J.A. Pratama I.G.P. Sudiarta I.M.W. Arigunawan I.P.P. Suryawan I.W.P. Astawa Ida Ayu Gede Sri Wahyuni Ida Bagus Nyoman Pascima Intan Puspa Dewi, L. Jana Satvika, Gd. Aditya Jayanta, Kadek Juniantari, Ni Made Kadek Arya Teguh Raharja Kadek Erna Kembar Ayu Kadek Eva Virga Yuni . KADEK WIKAN PARAMASILA . Kadek Yota Ernanda Aryanto Luh Putu Wiwien Widhyastuti M.Cs S.Kom I Made Agus Wirawan . Made Swandewi Made Wahyu Aditya Arta Mahayani, Luh Riska Manurung, Ulina Br Mertasari, N. M. S Mertasari, N. M. S. N.K.V. Dwianjani Narita, Ni Luh Putu Dinna Surya NI KADEK SINTYA DEWI Ni Luh Putu Dinna Surya Narita Ni Made Juniantari Ni Made Sri Mertasari Ni Putu Tantriani Ni wayan Desi Anggreni Nyoman Santiyadnya Pramesti, Sahda Nabila Prof. Dr.I Nengah Suparta,M.Si . Puja Astawa, I. W. Putra, I.P.D. Putu Irvan Arya Purwadana Putu Kartika Dewi PUTU TRISNA HADY PERMANA S . Raharja, Kadek Arya Teguh Ratih Ayu Apsari Sariyasa . Setiawan, K. A. Sindu, I Gede Partha Sitepu, Lulu Agatha Br Sri Wahyuni, Ida Ayu Gede Suweken, G Swandewi, Made Wahyu Sanjaya Widhiyani, I.A. N. T Wirawan Nathaniel Chandra Yuliastuti, N. P