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Teaching Model of the Algemeene Middelbare School A-1 Eastern Literature Major (AMS A-1) in Solo, 1926-1932 Heri Priyatmoko; Singgih Tri Sulistiyono; Dhanang Respati Puguh
Paramita: Historical Studies Journal Vol. 35 No. 1 (2025): History of Education
Publisher : istory Department, Faculty of Social Sciences, Universitas Negeri Semarang in collaboration with Masyarakat Sejarawan Indonesia (Indonesian Historical Society)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/paramita.v35i1.1771

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Abstract: This article aims to analyze the development of the teaching model used and developed at the Algemeene Middelbare School A-1 (AMS A-1), majoring in Eastern Literature. The AMS A-1 in Solo in the Dutch East Indies was a unique historical phenomenon in colonial education. The teachers at this educational institution, which was created by the colonial government in 1926, developed an interactive teaching model inside and outside of class. This article uses the historical method to analyze its development and influence on the students. Teaching outside class was a new concept in the early 20th century in the colonized Indonesian archipelago, because the learning process usually only occurred inside classes and laboratories. The AMS A-1 senior high school students were invited on annual field trips to visit the temples their ancestors built, forming their cultural heritage. The goal of this model was to see up close indigenous cultural heritage, which they normally only knew from their textbooks, to dispel traditional myths about the places, and to further the bond between student and teacher. Besides that, it created a certain pride when learning about this heritage. This learning activity implicated the growth of Indonesian cultural nationalism, which became a means to push back against colonialism. The AMS A-1 institution thus became a boomerang for the Dutch colonial government. Abstrak: Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perkembangan model pembelajaran yang digunakan dan dikembangkan di Algemeene Middelbare School A-1 (AMS A-1) jurusan Sastra Timur. AMS A-1 yang terletak di kota Solo, Hindia Belanda, merupakan fenomena sejarah yang unik dalam pendidikan kolonial. Para guru di lembaga pendidikan yang didirikan oleh pemerintah kolonial pada tahun 1926 ini mengembangkan model pembelajaran interaktif di dalam dan luar kelas. Artikel ini menggunakan metode sejarah untuk menganalisis perkembangan dan pengaruhnya terhadap siswa. Pembelajaran di luar kelas merupakan konsep baru di awal abad ke-20 di kepulauan Indonesia yang dijajah, karena proses pembelajaran biasanya hanya berlangsung di dalam kelas dan laboratorium. Siswa SMA AMS A-1 diajak untuk melakukan kunjungan lapangan tahunan untuk mengunjungi candi-candi yang dibangun oleh nenek moyang mereka, yang merupakan warisan budaya mereka. Tujuan dari model ini adalah untuk melihat dari dekat warisan budaya asli, yang biasanya hanya mereka ketahui dari buku pelajaran, untuk menghilangkan mitos tradisional tentang tempat tersebut, dan untuk mempererat hubungan antara siswa dan guru. Selain itu, hal ini menciptakan kebanggaan tersendiri ketika mempelajari warisan ini. Kegiatan belajar mengajar ini berimplikasi pada tumbuhnya nasionalisme budaya Indonesia yang menjadi sarana untuk melawan kolonialisme. Lembaga AMS A-1 dengan demikian menjadi bumerang bagi pemerintah kolonial Belanda.
Contesting Colonial Hegemony: Education, Authority, and Resistance in Gorontalo in the Early 20th Century Apriyanto, Joni; Rochwulaningsih, Yety; Sulistiyono, Singgih Tri; Rinardi, Haryono
Jurnal Sejarah Citra Lekha Vol 10, No 2 (2025): Sejarah Sosial-Budaya, Identitas, dan Resistensi
Publisher : Department of History, Faculty of Humanities, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jscl.v10i2.74730

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This study analyzes the dynamics of educational transformation from a traditional, religion-based system to modern colonial education in Gorontalo in the early twentieth century. The study focuses on the introduction of modern educational models by the Dutch East Indies colonial government and examines how these policies triggered resistance among local elites. Colonial educational transformation affected not only institutional structures but also generated epistemological conflicts, shifts in the authority of knowledge, and broader socio-cultural tensions within Gorontalo society. This study employs a historical method with a qualitative-analytical approach based on colonial archival sources and local materials. The findings show that colonial education was perceived as a hegemonic instrument aimed at producing indigenous bureaucratic elites loyal to colonial interests, while simultaneously threatening the continuity of religious authority, customary values, and the socio-political position of local elites. In this study, local elites primarily refer to religious elites, ulama, religious teachers, and Sufi order leaders, as well as hybrid actors who combined religious authority with administrative roles. Resistance was not expressed through passive rejection but through organized cultural and institutional strategies. From the early twentieth century onward, particularly with the establishment of madrasahs and halaqah in Limboto and Kota Barat in 1923, religious elites pioneered alternative Islamic educational institutions that emphasized Qur’anic studies, Arabic grammar (nahwu–ṣarf), and Islamic history. These institutions were strengthened by broader Islamic intellectual networks linking Gorontalo with Minangkabau and Java. Colonial archival sources also indicate widespread refusal by religious families to enroll their children in government schools.
Cileungsi and the Indonesian War of Independence: A Local Historical Study of West Java Agung; Sulistiyono, Singgih Tri; Rochwulaningsih, Yety; Rinardi, Haryono
Siginjai: Jurnal Sejarah Vol 6 No 1 (2026): Siginjai: Journal of History
Publisher : Prodi Ilmu Sejarah, Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan, Universitas Jambi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22437/js.v6i1.52449

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ABSTRACT The Indonesian War of Independence is commonly examined through major events in urban political and military centers, resulting in the marginalization of peripheral regions within national historiography. This article aims to analyze the role of Cileungsi, a peripheral area in West Java, during the Indonesian War of Independence between 1945 and 1950, with particular attention to its geographical position, forms of local resistance, and social consequences of the conflict. This study employs the historical method, consisting of heuristic research, source criticism, interpretation, and historiography, combined with a historical-sociological approach. The sources include colonial and post-independence archives, military and administrative reports, contemporary newspapers, and local oral traditions. The findings demonstrate that Cileungsi played a strategic role as a connective corridor between Batavia, Buitenzorg, and eastern West Java, functioning as a base for guerrilla warfare, logistical support, and popular resistance. Local actors such as community leaders, religious figures, and youth militias actively participated in resistance efforts, often operating outside formal military structures. Furthermore, the revolutionary period profoundly transformed the social, economic, and cultural life of the local population. This study concludes that Cileungsi was not a passive peripheral space but an integral component of the Indonesian revolutionary struggle, highlighting the importance of local history in constructing a more inclusive and balanced national historiography.
East Timor Refugee Nationalism: Adaptation and Identity Conflict in Kupang, 1998-2014 Teodorikus Hanpalam; Yety Rochwulaningsih; Wasino; Singgih Tri Sulistiyono; Fitri Amalia Shinta Siwi
Paramita: Historical Studies Journal Vol. 36 No. 1 (2026): Social and Intellectual History
Publisher : istory Department, Faculty of Social Sciences, Universitas Negeri Semarang in collaboration with Masyarakat Sejarawan Indonesia (Indonesian Historical Society)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/paramita.v36i1.33677

Abstract

Abstract: This study examines the dynamics of nationalism among former East Timorese refugees in Kupang, East Nusa Tenggara, during 1998–2014. It explores how socio-economic adaptation, identity conflict, and negotiations of belonging unfolded in the aftermath of the 1999 referendum and within the wider context of post-Reformasi Indonesia. Employing a historical method with an interdisciplinary perspective, this research draws on government archives, international reports, newspapers, and in-depth interviews with former refugees, community leaders, government officials, and NGO activists. The analysis is informed by social identity theory, Anderson’s concept of imagined communities, diaspora theory, ethnic boundary-making, and refugee labeling. The findings indicate that refugee nationalism was neither fixed nor singular, but fluid, situational, and continuously renegotiated. Adaptation developed through informal economic strategies, kinship networks, intermarriage, religious participation, and everyday interaction with local communities. At the same time, identity conflict persisted through stigmatization as “refugees” or “new residents,” insecure access to land and public services, unresolved trauma, and fragmented state policies. The study identifies three interrelated forms of nationalism: historical-ideological nationalism, survival nationalism, and hybrid nationalism, particularly among younger generations. These findings reveal the ambivalent character of Indonesian nationalism, which simultaneously articulates inclusion and reproduces exclusion. This study contributes to refugee and nationalism studies by highlighting how marginalized communities negotiate belonging in everyday life and by underlining the need for more inclusive and sustainable integration policies. Abstrak:  Penelitian ini mengkaji dinamika nasionalisme mantan pengungsi Timor Timur di Kupang, Nusa Tenggara Timur, pada periode 1998–2014. Kajian ini berfokus pada bagaimana adaptasi sosial-ekonomi, konflik identitas, dan negosiasi rasa memiliki terhadap bangsa berlangsung pascareferendum 1999 dalam konteks Indonesia pascareformasi. Penelitian menggunakan metode sejarah dengan perspektif interdisipliner, melalui pemanfaatan arsip pemerintah, laporan lembaga internasional, surat kabar, serta wawancara mendalam dengan mantan pengungsi, tokoh masyarakat, aparat pemerintah, dan aktivis LSM. Analisis didasarkan pada teori identitas sosial, konsep imagined communities dari Anderson, teori diaspora, pembentukan batas etnis, dan pelabelan pengungsi. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nasionalisme para mantan pengungsi tidak bersifat tunggal maupun tetap, melainkan cair, situasional, dan terus dinegosiasikan. Adaptasi berlangsung melalui strategi ekonomi informal, jaringan kekerabatan, perkawinan campuran, partisipasi keagamaan, serta interaksi sehari-hari dengan masyarakat lokal. Namun demikian, konflik identitas tetap bertahan melalui stigmatisasi sebagai “pengungsi” atau “warga baru,” keterbatasan akses terhadap tanah dan layanan publik, trauma yang belum sepenuhnya pulih, serta kebijakan negara yang terfragmentasi. Penelitian ini mengidentifikasi tiga bentuk nasionalisme yang saling berkelindan, yaitu nasionalisme historis-ideologis, nasionalisme survival, dan nasionalisme hibrid, terutama pada generasi muda. Temuan ini menegaskan ambivalensi nasionalisme Indonesia yang di satu sisi menjanjikan inklusi, tetapi di sisi lain masih mereproduksi eksklusi.