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Interplay of Christian Missions, Batak Traditions, and Colonial Influence in North Tapanuli, Indonesia in 1861-1940 Siahaan, JLM; Rochwulaningsih, Yety; Sulistiyono, Singgih Tri; Azhari, Ichwan
Indonesian Historical Studies Vol 9, No 1 (2025): In Progress
Publisher : Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/ihis.v9i1.25744

Abstract

This study focuses on the missionary movement of the Rhein Missionary Society (RMG) and its impact on the political and social dynamics of the Batak people. The RMG missionary movement, which began in the 19th century, became one of the key drivers in the spread of Christianity in the Toba Batak region. Additionally, the involvement of the missionary movement alongside the Dutch colonial government brought significant changes to the social life of the Batak people. Therefore, this article highlights the local social and political changes triggered by the Padri attacks, which also influenced the community's acceptance of Christianity. The historical method is used in this article to reveal various responses to Christian missions, ranging from traditional acceptance to integration into Christian traditions. This study also analyses how Dutch colonialism influenced the spread of Christianity, as well as the social, political, and cultural transformations that occurred. These findings offer a new perspective on the interaction between Christian missions, Batak customs, and colonialism in shaping the history of religion in the Batak region.
The Spices, Western Imperialism, and The Changes of Maritime Power in The Indonesian Archipelago Sulistiyono, Singgih Tri; Amaruli, Rabith Jihan
Journal of Maritime Studies and National Integration Vol 8, No 1 (2024)
Publisher : Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/agrisocionomics.v%vi%i.20442

Abstract

This article discusses the spices, western imperialism, and the changes of maritime power in the Indonesian archipelago. Through reading historical literature, this article finds that spices from the Indonesian archipelago entered the global market along with the development of sea trade routes between India and China in the early century AD. However, spices are commodities that have been traded long before AD. People in ancient cultural centres such as Egypt, India, Greece and Rome used spices for various purposes, including cooking spices, preserving mummies, health and to overcome disease outbreaks. Apart from India, in 16th and 17th, the archipelago is one of the important spice producing regions in the world, which was driven by the maritime power of the archipelago at that time. As an important and expensive commodity, spices have become legendary items that encourage various parties to master them, including Europeans. In the Western world, spices are seen as a trading commodity because of their expensiveness, rarity and efficacy. Economic, cultural and political dynamics in Europe have encouraged ocean exploration to gain direct access to spice producers in the Eastern world, including the archipelago. This also resulted in the birth of Western imperialism and colonialism in Asia, especially the archipelago. In the 18th century, Western domination changed the map of maritime powers in the archipelago, marked by the significantly declining role of indigenous maritime powers.
National Interests are above International Affairs: Indonesian-Israeli Intelligence Operations on the Purchase of A-4 Skyhawks, 1978-1982 Hadiyanto, Fidel Satrio; Sulistiyono, Singgih Tri
Journal of Maritime Studies and National Integration Vol 8, No 2 (2024): In Progress
Publisher : Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jmsni.v8i2.22825

Abstract

This study examines Operation Alpha, an intelligence operation conducted by Indonesia and Israel to facilitate the purchase and delivery of 32 Douglas A-4 Skyhawk aircraft from Israel to Indonesia between 1978 and 1982. Despite Indonesia's official policy of non-recognition towards Israel due to its support for Palestinian independence, the Indonesian government under President Soeharto pursued a pragmatic approach to address the urgent need for modernizing its aging military equipment. Through a series of negotiations involving the United States, Indonesia reached an agreement with Israel to procure the aircraft at a lower cost and with faster delivery compared to purchasing directly from the US. The successful completion of Operation Alpha not only bolstered Indonesia's defense capabilities but also marked the beginning of discreet military and economic cooperation between the two countries that continued until the reform era, despite the absence of official diplomatic relations. This study highlights the prioritization of national interests over international affairs in Indonesia's foreign policy during the Soeharto era and the role of intelligence agencies in facilitating clandestine cooperation between states with conflicting official stances.