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SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF POLYIMIDE-ZEOLITE MIXED MATRIX MEMBRANE Budiyono Budiyono; Tutuk Djoko Kusworo; Ahmad Fauzi Ismail; I Nyoman Widiasa; Seno Johari; Sunarso Sunarso
Reaktor Volume 12, Nomor 4, Desember 2009
Publisher : Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Diponegoro University

Biogas has become an attractive alternative energy source due to the limitation of energy from fossil. In this study, a new type of mixed matrix membrane (MMM) consisting of polyimide-zeolite was synthesized and characterized for biogas purification. The MMM consists of medium concentration of polymer (20% wt polyimide), 80% N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) and 25% zeolite 4A in total solid were prepared by a dry/wet phase inversion technique. The fabricated MMM was characterized using SEM, DSC, TGA and gas permeation. Post treatment coating procedure was also conducted. The research showed that surface coating by 3% silicone rubber toward MMM PI 20% gave the significant effect to improve membrane selectivity. The ideal selectivity for CO2/CH4 separation increased from 0.99 for before coating to 7.9 after coating for PI-Zeolite MMM, respectively. The results suggest that PI-Zeolite MMM with good post treatment procedure will increase the membrane selectivity and permeability with more saver polymer requirement as well as energy saving due to low energy for mixing.

The Effects of Different Energy and Protein Ratio to Sheep’s Nutrient Intake and Digestibility Sri Mawati; S. Soedarsono; S. Sunarso; Agung Purnomoadi
International Journal of Science and Engineering Vol 4, No 2 (2013)
Publisher : Chemical Engineering Diponegoro University

The objective of this research was to study the effects of different energy and protein ratio towards sheep’s nutrient intake and digestibility. Twenty four male sheep’s, 6 – 7 months old with initial average live weight 13+1.56 kg, coefficient variant11.78%) were used in this research. The complete feed ration which consisted of King Grass (Pennisetum purpureum), soybean powder, rice bran, dried cassava and molasses was used in this research. Protein content on each component was 10, 12 and 14% and total digestible nutrients (TDN) 60 and 65%, respectively. Dry matter (DM) and organic matter (OM) intake, DM and OM digestibility were studied in this research. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was employed to analyze the data. Test of Small Difference (P<0.05) was then carried out if significant different occurred. The research results showed that Dry matter and OM ration intake showed significant different among treatments (P<0.05). The highest DM intake was obtained at crude protein (CP) 14% and TDN 65% i.e. 695.54 g while the lowest value was CP 14% and TDN 65% i.e. 462.11 g. Thus different DM and OM intake were caused by different ration ingredients composition. Dry matter and OM ration digestibility were not show different (P>0.05) among crude protein and TDN treatments. Different energy and protein ration treatments caused different DM and OM intake but were not cause different in DM and OM digestibility. Based on the research results, a study on the effects of different ration’s energy and protein ratio towards N efficiency should be conducted in order to increase cattle productivity. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.12777/ijse.4.2.75-79 [How to cite this article: Mawati, S., Soedarsono, S., Sunarso, S. & Purnomoadi, A. (2013). The Effects of Different Energy and Ratio to Sheep’s Nutrient Intake and Digestibility. International Journal of Science and Engineering, 4(2),76-79. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.12777/ijse.4.2.75-79]

Potency of Palm Oil Plantation and Mill Byproduct as Ruminant Feed in Paser Regency, East Kalimantan Hamdi Mayulu; S Sunarso; C. I. Sutrisno; S Sumarsono; M Christiyanto; K. Isharyudono
International Journal of Science and Engineering Vol 5, No 2 (2013)
Publisher : Chemical Engineering Diponegoro University

By-product produced from plantation and palm oil mill can be utilized for energy and protein source of ruminant feed. Thus, it still has potency for further exploration. The objective of the research was to investigate the nutrient value of palm oil plantation and mill’s by-product used to formulate ruminant feed. The research located in 66,118.5 ha of palm oil plantation in Paser regency, East Kalimantan province. The research was carried out in palm oil plantation and mill of PTPN XIII comprising productive plants (TM) in +14,000 ha arranged in 9 divisions (afdeling). Measured variables consisted of: 1) dry mass production (mass of midrib every cutting and frond) (kg); 2) Centrosema sp mass production (kg); 3) mass of empty fruit bunches (kg); palm pressed fiber (PPF) (kg), palm kernel cake (PKC) (kg) dan palm oil sludge (POS) (kg); 4) nutrient content analyzed under proximate analysis in accordance with the procedure of Ruminant Feed Nutrient Laboratory, Faculty of Livestock, Diponegoro University. The result showed that total dry matter (DM) production was 14.82 ton/ha/year, consisting: midrib 29.09% (crude protein (CP) 3.16% and crude fiber (CF) 37.85%), frond 10.31% (CP 6.53% dan CF 30.39%), Centrosema sp. 2.48% (CP 22.58% and CF 35.12), EFB 24.31% (CP 7.01% and CF 40.22%), PPF 1.23% (CP 5.56% and CF 50.36%), PKC 1.29% (CP 15.49% and CF10.45) and POS 1.20% (CP 17.86% and CF 45.99%). This could be concluded that palm oil plantation and mill’s by-product was recommended for ruminant feed as it had huge amount and appropriate nutrient contentDoi: 10.12777/ijse.5.2.56-60 [How to cite this article: Mayulu, H., Sunarso, C. I. Sutrisno, Sumarsono, M. Christiyanto, K. Isharyudono. (2013). Potency of Palm Oil Plantation and Mill Byproduct as Ruminant Feed in Paser Regency, East Kalimantan, 5(2),56-60. Doi: 10.12777/ijse.5.2.56-60]

Intake and Digestibility of Cattle’s Ration on Complete Feed Based-On Fermented Ammonization Rice Straw with Different Protein Level Hamdi Mayulu; S. Sunarso; M. Christiyanto; F. Ballo
International Journal of Science and Engineering Vol 4, No 2 (2013)
Publisher : Chemical Engineering Diponegoro University

Complete feed (CF) utilization is expected to have impact on higher productivity due to increased intake and digestibility. The objective of research was to evaluate the effects of different level protein of CF based-on fermented ammonization (amofer) rice straw to Simmental offspring intake and digestibility Twenty males Simmental offspring with average live weight 372.15± 26.64 kg (coefficient of variance 7.16%) were used in this study. Feed treatment consisted of BC Nutrifeed 132 concentrate as control feed (T0) and CF based-on amofer rice straw consisted of T1, T2, T3 and T4 which had crude protein content 11, 12, 13 and 14% respectively and also total digestible nutrients (TDN) ± 62%. Completely randomized design with five treatments and four replicates were designed for this research. Data was analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) at 95% significance level. The results showed that different crude protein did not affect the intake of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein and TDN. It was significantly affected the digestibility of dry matter, organic matter and crude protein (p<0.01). The highest digestibility was obtained to treatment with 12% crude protein and ± 62% TDN. Conclusion of this study was different level of crude protein constituted in CF which produced from specific material resource was proven to have impact in increasing cattle’s digestibility.Doi: 10.12777/ijse.4.2.2013.86-91 [How to cite this article: Mayulu, H., Sunarso, S., Christiyanto, M. and Ballo, F. (2013). Intake and Digestibility of Cattle’s Ration On Complete Feed Based-On Fermented Ammonization Rice Straw With Different Protein Level. International Journal of Science and Engineering, 4(2),86-91. Doi: 10.12777/ijse.4.2.2013.86-91]

CO2 Removal from Biogas Using Carbon Nanotubes Mixed Matrix Membranes Tutuk Djoko Kusworo; Ahmad Fauzi Ismail; , Budiyono; I Nyoman Widiasa; Seno Johari; , Sunarso
International Journal of Science and Engineering Vol 1, No 1 (2010)
Publisher : Chemical Engineering Diponegoro University

A new type of mixed matrix membrane consisting of polyethersulfone (PES) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) is prepared for biogas purification application. PES mixed matrix membrane with and without modification of carbon nanotubes were prepared by a dry/wet phase inversion technique using a pneumatically membrane casting machine system. The modified carbon nanotubes were prepared by treating the carbon nanotubes with chemical modification using acid treatment to allow PES chains to be grafted on carbon nanotubes surface. The results from the FESEM, DSC and FTIR analysis confirmed that chemical modification on carbon nanotubes surface had taken place. Meanwhile, the nanogaps in the interface of polymer and carbon nanotubes were appeared in the PES mixed matrix membrane with unmodified of carbon nanotubes. The modified carbon nanotubes mixed matrix membrane increases the mechanical properties and the permeability of all gases. For PES-modified carbon nanotubes mixed matrix membrane the maximum selectivity achieved for CO2/CH4 is 23.54

Biogas Production Using Anaerobic Biodigester from Cassava Starch Effluent S. Sunarso; B. Budiyono; Siswo Sumardiono
International Journal of Science and Engineering Vol 1, No 2 (2010)
Publisher : Chemical Engineering Diponegoro University

IKMs’ factory activity in Margoyoso produces liquid and solid wastes. The possible alternative was to use the liquid effluent as biogas raw material. This study focuses on the used of urea, ruminant, yeast, microalgae, the treatment of gelled and ungelled feed for biogas production, pH control during biogas production using buffer Na2CO3, and feeding management in the semi-continuous process of biogas production that perform at ambient temperature for 30 days. Ruminant bacteria, yeast, urea, and microalgae was added 10% (v/v), 0.08% (w/v), 0.04% (w/v), 50% (v/v) of mixing solution volume, respectively. The pH of slurry was adjusted with range 6.8-7.2 and was measured daily and corrected when necessary with Na2CO3. The total biogas production was measured daily by the water displacement technique. Biogas production from the ungelling and gelling mixture of cassava starch effluent, yeast, ruminant bacteria, and urea were 726.43 ml/g total solid and 198 ml/g total solid. Biogas production from ungelling mixture without yeast was 58.6 ml/g total solid. Biogas production from ungelling mixture added by microalgae without yeast was 58.72 ml/g total solid and that with yeast was 189 ml/g total solid. Biogas production from ungelling mixture of cassava starch effluent, yeast, ruminant bacteria, and urea in semi-continuous process was 581.15 ml/g total solid. Adding of microalgae as nitrogen source did not give significant effect to biogas production. But adding of yeast as substrate activator was very helpful to accelerate biogas production. The biogas production increased after cassava starch effluent and yeast was added. Requirement of sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) to increase alkalinity or buffering capacity of fermenting solution depends on pH-value

GROWTH PERFORMANCE AND MINERAL STATUS ON GOATS (Capra hircus Linn.) SUPPLEMENTED WITH ZINC PROTEINATE AND SELENIUM YEAST Maharani Aditia; Sunarso Sunarso; C.C. Sevilla; A.A. Angeles
International Journal of Science and Engineering Vol 7, No 2 (2014)
Publisher : Chemical Engineering Diponegoro University

Twenty two (22) doelings weighing 7.86 ± 2.12 kg were grouped into 6 weight classes in a feeding trial to determine the effects of dietary zinc proteinate and selenium yeast on mineral status and growth performance. The Zn-supplemented groups received 200 mg additional Zn daily from chelated Zn proteinate, an insoluble powder containing 15% elemental Zn. Se-supplemented groups received 3 mg Se from Se yeast consisting mainly of selenomethionine (63%). The four (4) dietary treatments were as follows: T1 : 0 mg Zn + 0 mg Se; T2: 0 mg Zn + 3 mg Se; T3 : 200 mg Zn + 0 mg Se. T4: 200 mg Zn/head + 3 mg Se/head. The experiment was conducted in a 2 x 2 factorial design in RCBD. Napier grass used in the trial contained 89.03 ppm Zn, while the mixture of corn-soybean oil meal had Zn content 49.73 ppm. Supplementation of Zn and Se in the diets composed of 60% Napier and 40% soya-corn mix had no effect on dry matter intake, body weight gain, and feed efficiency. Giving 200 mg Zn/head tends to increase (P<0.05) the Zn concentration in the blood of doelings among the levels of Se. Percent digestibility of Zn decreased with Zn supplementation at 200 mg. Percent apparent digestibility of Zn tends to be higher in animals without mineral supplementation. Results indicate that Zn and Se supplementation did not affect growth performance. Zn supplementation increased blood Zn concentration, but did not affect digestibility of Zn.

Increasing Biogas Production Rate from Cattle Manure Using Rumen Fluid as Inoculums Budiyono Budiyono; I Nyoman Widiasa; Seno Johari; S Sunarso
International Journal of Science and Engineering Vol 6, No 1 (2014)
Publisher : Chemical Engineering Diponegoro University

In this study, rumen fluid of animal ruminant was used as inoculums to increase biogas production rate from cattle manure at mesophilic condition. A series of laboratory experiments using 400 ml biodigester were performed in batch operation mode. Given 100 grams of fresh cattle manure (M) was fed to each biodigester and mixed with rumen fluid (R) and tap water (W) in several ratio resulting six different M:W:R ratio contents i.e. 1:1:0; 1:0.75:0.25; 1:0.5:0.5; 1:0.25:0.75; and 1:0:1 (correspond to 0; 12.5; 25, 37.5; 50, and 100 % rumen, respectively) and six different total solid (TS) contents i.e. 2.6, 4.6, 6.2, 7.4, 9.2, 12.3, and 18.4 %. The operating temperatures were at room temperature. The results showed that the rumen fluid inoculated to biodigester significantly effected the biogas production. Rumen fluid inoculums caused biogas production rate and efficiency increase more than two times in compare to manure substrate without rumen fluid inoculums. The best performance for biogas production was the digester with rumen fluid and TS content in the range of 25-50 % and 7.4 and 9.2 %, respectively. These results suggest that, based on TS content effects to biogas yield, rumen fluid inoculums exhibit the similar effect with other inoculums. Increasing rumen content will also increase biogas production. Due to the optimum total solid (TS) content for biogas production between 7-9 % (or correspond to more and less manure and total liquid 1:1), the rumen fluid content of 50 % will give the best performance for biogas production. The future work will be carried out to study the dynamics of biogas production if both the rumen fluid inoculums and manure are fed in the continuous system Doi: 10.12777/ijse.6.1.31-38 [How to cite this article: Budiyono, Widiasa, I.N., Johari, S. and Sunarso. (2014). Increasing Biogas Production Rate from Cattle Manure Using Rumen Fluid as Inoculums. International Journal of Science and Engineering, 6(1),31-38. Doi: 10.12777/ijse.6.1.31-38]

The Effect of Feed to Inoculums Ratio on Biogas Production Rate from Cattle Manure Using Rumen Fluid as Inoculums S. Sunarso; Seno Johari; I Nyoman Widiasa; B. Budiyono
International Journal of Science and Engineering Vol 1, No 2 (2010)
Publisher : Chemical Engineering Diponegoro University

In this study, rumen fluid of animal ruminant was used as inoculums to increase biogas production rate from cattle manure at mesophilic condition. A series of laboratory experiments using 400 ml biodigester were performed in batch operation mode. Given 100 grams of fresh cattle manure was fed to each biodigester and mixed with rumen fluid and tap water resulting five different feed to inoculum (F/I) ratios (i.e. 17.64, 23.51, 35.27, and 70.54). The operating temperatures were varied at room temperature. The results showed that the rumen fluid inoculated to biodigester significantly effected the biogas production. Rumen fluid inoculums caused biogas production rate and efficiency increase more than two times in compare to manure substrate without rumen fluid inoculums. At four F/Is tested, after 80 days digestion, the biogas yield were 191, 162, 144 and 112 mL/g VS, respectively. About 80% of the biogas production was obtained during the first 40 days of digestion. The best performance of biogas production will be obtained if F/I ratio is in the range of 17.64 to 35.27 (correspond to 25 – 50 % of rumen fluid). The future work will be carried out to study the dynamics of biogas production if both the rumen fluid inoculums and manure are fed in the continuous system

Peningkatan Kualitas Sabut Kelapa Melalui Teknologi Fermentasi Menggunakan Mikroba Pencerna Serat Terseleksi dari Cairan Rumen Kerbau Siti Aminah; Limbang Kustiawan Nuswantara; Baginda Iskandar Moeda Tampoebolon; Sunarso Sunarso
Sains Peternakan: Jurnal Penelitian Ilmu Peternakan Vol 18, No 1 (2020): Sains Peternakan
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret (UNS)

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan kultur mikroba pencerna serat terbaik dari cairan rumen kerbau dan mengkaji pengaruh perbedaan lama pemeraman dan persentase penggunaan starter mikroba pencerna serat terseleksi terhadap komponen proksimat sabut kelapa fermentasi. Penelitian ini terdiri dari dua tahap. Tahap I adalah seleksi mikroba pencerna serat dari cairan rumen kerbau menggunakan substrat yang berbeda. Percobaan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 5 perlakuan dan 5 ulangan. Peubah yang diamati adalah aktivitas dan aktivitas spesifik enzim endoglukanase, eksoglukanase dan xilanase. Tahap II adalah perlakuan fermentasi sabut kelapa menggunakan kultur terseleksi dengan perbedaan persentase penggunaan inokulum (0, 2,5 dan 5%) dan lama peram (0, 7 dan 14 hari). Percobaan menggunakan RAL faktorial 3x3 dan 4 ulangan. Peubah yang diamati adalah komponen proksimat. Data dianalisis menggunakan analisis ragam, dilanjutkan Uji Jarak Berganda Duncan. Hasil penelitian tahap I menunjukkan aktivitas spesifik enzim endoglukanase, eksoglukanase dan xilanase tertinggi(P<0,05) pada penggunaan substrat kulit kacang, berturut-turut sebesar 0,020; 0,022; 0,018unit/ml/menit. Hasil penelitian tahap II menunjukkan kadar serat kasar (SK) terendah(P<0,05) terjadi pada kombinasi perlakuan P1H2, P2H1 dan P2H2, berturut-turut sebesar 51,70; 49;90; 49,91%. Kadar lemak kasar (LK) dan abu tertinggi(P<0,05) secara berturut-turut terjadi pada kombinasi perlakuan P2H2 sebesar 16,03% dan P1H2 sebesar 16,99%. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah penggunaan substrat kulit kacang menghasilkan kultur mikroba pencerna serat terbaik dan meningkatkan kualitas sabut kelapa. Peningkatan kualitas terjadi seiring dengan peningkatan penggunaan inokulum dan lama pemeraman. Kualitas sabut kelapa terbaik terjadi pada penggunaan inokulum sebanyak 5% dan pemeraman selama 14 hari ditinjau dari kadar protein kasar (PK) dan SK.

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