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Relationship Between Nitrogenous Wastes, Organic Matter, Bacteri-al Abundance, and Protozoan Abundance in Whiteleg Shrimp Inten-sive Farming Ponds Utami, Diah Ayu Satyari; Kusmiatun, Anik; Ilham; Febrianti, Desy; Sudiarsa, I Nyoman; Abrori, Mohsan; Nisa, Andina Chairun; Aras, Annisa Khairani; Jatayu, Diklawati; Kaborang, Yasinta Ega; Budiadnyani, I Gusti Ayu; Nugraha, I Made Aditya; Wahidi, Budi Rianto; Wahyu
Journal of Aquaculture and Fish Health Vol. 15 No. 1 (2026): JAFH Vol. 15 No. 1 February 2026
Publisher : Department of Aquaculture

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/jafh.v15i1.77343

Abstract

Whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) dominates global aquaculture production due to its adaptability to intensive systems. However, intensive systems often experience excess accumulation of nitrogenous waste and total organic matter (TOM), which can destabilize microbial communities and affect water quality. While protozoa are known as bioindicators, few studies have explored how their functional composition interacts with nitrogen cycling and production performance in shrimp ponds. This study investigated the relationships between nitrogenous compounds, TOM, bacterial and protozoan abundance in two intensive shrimp ponds (HP: high protozoan abundance and LP: low protozoan abundance). Water quality parameters, including Total Ammonia Nitrogen (TAN), nitrite, nitrate, TOM, and phosphate, were monitored weekly alongside microbial assessments of total bacterial count (TBC), total Vibrio count (TVC), and protozoa abundance. Protozoa were identified microscopically, while shrimp performance was measured by growth, feed conversion ratio (FCR), survival, and productivity. TOM emerged as the primary ecological driver, significantly correlating with Vibrio abundance (r = 0.585, p < 0.05). Although the high-protozoa pond featured greater bacterial biomass and more bacterivorous taxa (e.g., Ciliata, Vorticella), it had lower shrimp productivity. Conversely, the low-protozoa pond dominated by detritivores (Euplotes, Strombidionopsis) achieved superior growth, FCR, and final biomass, despite higher TOM and nitrite levels. These findings suggest that protozoan functional composition, rather than total abundance, critically influences nutrient cycling, microbial stability, and production outcomes. Managing TOM and fostering beneficial microbial loops are essential strategies for sustainable shrimp farming.
Capacity Enhancement of Catfish Farmers through Herbal Immunostimulant Training as a Preventive Strategy in Gelang Village, Sidoarjo: Penguatan Kapasitas Pembudidaya Ikan Lele melalui Pelatihan Imunostimulan Herbal sebagai Strategi Preventif Penyakit Kuning di Desa Gelang, Sidoarjo Suseno, Dewi Nurmalita; Setyastuti, Tri Ari; Wahidi, Budi Rianto; Hakimah, Nisa; Insivitawati, Era; Jayanti, Shara; Asmarany R, Anja; Sugianti, Budi
Room of Civil Society Development Vol. 5 No. 1 (2026): Room of Civil Society Development
Publisher : Lembaga Riset dan Inovasi Masyarakat Madani

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59110/rcsd.871

Abstract

Jaundice remains a recurrent problem in small-scale catfish aquaculture and contributes to reduced market value and economic losses for farmers. This community service program aimed to enhance the capacity of catfish farmers in Gelang Village, Tulangan District, Sidoarjo Regency, in producing and utilizing herbal immunostimulants as a preventive strategy. The program involved 10 farmers and was implemented through technical training consisting of theoretical sessions, hands-on practice, and mentoring. The immunostimulant introduced was prepared using a simple decoction method from locally available ingredients including Terminalia catappa, ginger, galangal, turmeric, and Curcuma xanthorrhiza. Quantitative evaluation showed an average knowledge increase of 147 percent from pre-test to post-test, with all participants exceeding the minimum improvement target. Practical skill assessment indicated an average mastery score of 94 percent, and 100 percent of participants were able to independently produce the extract. The readiness to adopt the technology reached an average score of 93 percent. Field observations indicated perceived effectiveness in supporting preventive health management practices. However, no laboratory analysis or biological measurements were conducted. This program primarily strengthened farmers’ knowledge, technical skills, and adoption readiness toward locally based preventive approaches that may support sustainable small-scale catfish farming.
Capacity Enhancement of Catfish Farmers through Herbal Immunostimulant Training as a Preventive Strategy in Gelang Village, Sidoarjo: Penguatan Kapasitas Pembudidaya Ikan Lele melalui Pelatihan Imunostimulan Herbal sebagai Strategi Preventif Penyakit Kuning di Desa Gelang, Sidoarjo Suseno, Dewi Nurmalita; Setyastuti, Tri Ari; Wahidi, Budi Rianto; Hakimah, Nisa; Insivitawati, Era; Jayanti, Shara; Asmarany R, Anja; Sugianti, Budi
Room of Civil Society Development Vol. 5 No. 1 (2026): Room of Civil Society Development
Publisher : Lembaga Riset dan Inovasi Masyarakat Madani

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59110/rcsd.871

Abstract

Jaundice remains a recurrent problem in small-scale catfish aquaculture and contributes to reduced market value and economic losses for farmers. This community service program aimed to enhance the capacity of catfish farmers in Gelang Village, Tulangan District, Sidoarjo Regency, in producing and utilizing herbal immunostimulants as a preventive strategy. The program involved 10 farmers and was implemented through technical training consisting of theoretical sessions, hands-on practice, and mentoring. The immunostimulant introduced was prepared using a simple decoction method from locally available ingredients including Terminalia catappa, ginger, galangal, turmeric, and Curcuma xanthorrhiza. Quantitative evaluation showed an average knowledge increase of 147 percent from pre-test to post-test, with all participants exceeding the minimum improvement target. Practical skill assessment indicated an average mastery score of 94 percent, and 100 percent of participants were able to independently produce the extract. The readiness to adopt the technology reached an average score of 93 percent. Field observations indicated perceived effectiveness in supporting preventive health management practices. However, no laboratory analysis or biological measurements were conducted. This program primarily strengthened farmers’ knowledge, technical skills, and adoption readiness toward locally based preventive approaches that may support sustainable small-scale catfish farming.
Co-Authors Abrori, Mohsan Adi Suseno ANIK KUSMIATUN Antika, Diah Putri Aras, Annisa Khairani Asmarani, Anja Asmarany R, Anja Asmarany, Anja Dewi Alima Nostalia Suseno Dewi Nurmalita Suseno DIAH AYU SATYARI UTAMI Febrianti, Desy Hafidz, Muhammad Fernanda Pratama I Gusti Ayu Budiadnyani I Made Aditya Nugraha ILHAM Insivitawati, Era Jatayu, Diklawati Jayanti, Shara Kaborang, Yasinta Ega Lukhi Mulia Shitophyta Meilya Suzan Triyastuti, Meilya Suzan Mukhaimin, Iman Nisa Hakimah Nisa, Andina Chairun Novia Christi Prihartini Nurfitriyani, Annisa Setyastuti, Tri Ari Setyatuti, Tri Ari Sudiarsa, I Nyoman Sugianti, Budi Suhermanto, Achmad Suseno, Dewi Nurmalita Wahyu Yudana, I Gusti Putu Gede Rumayasa