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Budi Rianto Wahidi
Politeknik Kelautan Dan Perikanan Sidoarjo
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Relationship Between Nitrogenous Wastes, Organic Matter, Bacteri-al Abundance, and Protozoan Abundance in Whiteleg Shrimp Inten-sive Farming Ponds Utami, Diah Ayu Satyari; Kusmiatun, Anik; Ilham; Febrianti, Desy; Sudiarsa, I Nyoman; Abrori, Mohsan; Nisa, Andina Chairun; Aras, Annisa Khairani; Jatayu, Diklawati; Kaborang, Yasinta Ega; Budiadnyani, I Gusti Ayu; Nugraha, I Made Aditya; Wahidi, Budi Rianto; Wahyu
Journal of Aquaculture and Fish Health Vol. 15 No. 1 (2026): JAFH Vol. 15 No. 1 February 2026
Publisher : Department of Aquaculture

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/jafh.v15i1.77343

Abstract

Whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) dominates global aquaculture production due to its adaptability to intensive systems. However, intensive systems often experience excess accumulation of nitrogenous waste and total organic matter (TOM), which can destabilize microbial communities and affect water quality. While protozoa are known as bioindicators, few studies have explored how their functional composition interacts with nitrogen cycling and production performance in shrimp ponds. This study investigated the relationships between nitrogenous compounds, TOM, bacterial and protozoan abundance in two intensive shrimp ponds (HP: high protozoan abundance and LP: low protozoan abundance). Water quality parameters, including Total Ammonia Nitrogen (TAN), nitrite, nitrate, TOM, and phosphate, were monitored weekly alongside microbial assessments of total bacterial count (TBC), total Vibrio count (TVC), and protozoa abundance. Protozoa were identified microscopically, while shrimp performance was measured by growth, feed conversion ratio (FCR), survival, and productivity. TOM emerged as the primary ecological driver, significantly correlating with Vibrio abundance (r = 0.585, p < 0.05). Although the high-protozoa pond featured greater bacterial biomass and more bacterivorous taxa (e.g., Ciliata, Vorticella), it had lower shrimp productivity. Conversely, the low-protozoa pond dominated by detritivores (Euplotes, Strombidionopsis) achieved superior growth, FCR, and final biomass, despite higher TOM and nitrite levels. These findings suggest that protozoan functional composition, rather than total abundance, critically influences nutrient cycling, microbial stability, and production outcomes. Managing TOM and fostering beneficial microbial loops are essential strategies for sustainable shrimp farming.
Co-Authors Abrori, Mohsan Adi Suseno ANIK KUSMIATUN Antika, Diah Putri Aras, Annisa Khairani Asmarani, Anja Asmarany, Anja Dewi Alima Nostalia Suseno Dewi Nurmalita Suseno DIAH AYU SATYARI UTAMI Febrianti, Desy Hafidz, Muhammad Fernanda Pratama I Gusti Ayu Budiadnyani I Made Aditya Nugraha ILHAM Insivitawati, Era Jatayu, Diklawati Jayanti, Shara Kaborang, Yasinta Ega Lukhi Mulia Shitophyta Meilya Suzan Triyastuti, Meilya Suzan Mukhaimin, Iman Nisa Hakimah Nisa, Andina Chairun Novia Christi Prihartini Nurfitriyani, Annisa Setyastuti, Tri Ari Setyatuti, Tri Ari Sudiarsa, I Nyoman Sugianti, Budi Suhermanto, Achmad Suseno, Dewi Nurmalita Wahyu Yudana, I Gusti Putu Gede Rumayasa