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Characterization of Rubber Bark (Hevea Brasiliensis) as s Raw Material and Fly Ash as a Catalyst for the Production of Biofuel Fenoldi, Nova; Muhammad Yerizam; Kalsum, Leila
International Journal of Research in Vocational Studies (IJRVOCAS) Vol. 4 No. 3 (2024): IJRVOCAS - December
Publisher : Yayasan Ghalih Pelopor Pendidikan (Ghalih Foundation)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53893/ijrvocas.v4i3.297

Abstract

The research conducted on the utilization of rubber wood bark biomass for biofuel production employs the pyrolysis process. Rubber wood bark, a by-product of rubber plantation waste, has the potential to be converted into energy. However, its utilization has not been optimal, often leading to accumulation issues due to its inability to be fully utilized. Therefore, this study aims to utilize rubber wood bark to produce biofuel. Fly ash catalyst is employed to expedite the biofuel production process. The testing methods used to analysis the characteristics of rubber wood bark include proximate analysis and calorific value analysis. Proximate analysis of rubber wood bark yielded the following values: moisture content of 6.39%, ash content of 4.61%, volatile matter of 71.41%, and fixed carbon of 17.59%. The calorific value of rubber wood bark was determined to be 4200.00 calories per gram. Meanwhile, the characteristics of coal fly ash used as a catalyst were analyzed using X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) or X-ray diffraction. The analysis revealed the presence of silicon dioxide (SiO2) at 49.21%, aluminum oxide (Al2O3) at 16.22%, iron (III) oxide (Fe2O3) at 5.49%, calcium oxide (CaO) at 7.37%, magnesium oxide (MgO) at 1.72%, and potassium oxide (K2O) at 0.50%. The analysis of rubber wood bark and coal fly ash indicates that rubber wood bark can be used as a raw material for biofuel production, while coal fly ash can serve as a catalyst.
Conversion of Wasted Oil to Biodiesel Using CaO from Chicken Egg Sheets as a Catalist Jabborov, Behzod; Syarif, Aida; Yerizam, Muhammad
International Journal of Research in Vocational Studies (IJRVOCAS) Vol. 4 No. 3 (2024): IJRVOCAS - December
Publisher : Yayasan Ghalih Pelopor Pendidikan (Ghalih Foundation)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53893/ijrvocas.v4i3.311

Abstract

This research explores the use of used cooking oil as a primary feedstock in biodiesel production, with the addition of a calcium oxide (CaO) catalyst derived from eggshells. The process begins by filtering the used cooking oil to remove impurities, after which the oil undergoes tests to assess its density, viscosity, acid number, free fatty acid content, and water content. These initial steps are crucial to ensure the quality and readiness of the oil for further processing. Following this, the CaO catalyst is produced from eggshells through an impregnation process, a method that allows the transformation of eggshells into an effective catalyst. The study employs a heterogeneous catalyst system, where the CaO catalyst, characterized by its micro-sized particles, is used in the transesterification process. This approach is chosen as an alternative to the conventional use of homogeneous catalysts, providing potential advantages in terms of reusability and environmental impact. The production of biodiesel is conducted in two main stages: esterification and transesterification. In both stages, the CaO from eggshells is utilized as a catalyst, and the filtered used cooking oil serves as the raw material for biodiesel synthesis. The research identifies the optimal conditions for biodiesel production, which include heating the mixture to a temperature of 900°C, using a CaO catalyst amounting to 1% of the weight of the used cooking oil, and maintaining a reaction time of 60 minutes. Under these conditions, the study achieved a biodiesel yield of 62.17%. This research highlights the effectiveness of using waste materials such as eggshells and used cooking oil in producing biodiesel, offering a sustainable and environmentally friendly alternative to traditional methods.
KATALISIS ENZIM LIPASE AMOBIL DENGAN CRUDE PALM OIL DITINJAU DARI PENGARUH WAKTU REAKSI Silmi Tsabita; Martha Aznury; Muhammad Yerizam
Jurnal Inovasi Teknik Kimia Vol. 10 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Fakultas Teknik Universitas Wahid Hasyim

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31942/inteka.v10i1.12549

Abstract

Biodiesel adalah salah satu bahan bakar alternatif terbarukan yang dapat menggantikan solar. Bahan baku yang digunakan berasal dari minyak nabati atau hewani, diolah melalui proses fisika dan kimia dengan komposisi yang tepat, sehingga menghasilkan bahan bakar yang ramah lingkungan, khususnya menggunakan minyak kelapa sawit yang dikenal sebagai Crude Palm Oil (CPO). Proses sintesis biodiesel melibatkan dua tahap reaksi: pertama, esterifikasi untuk mengurangi Free Fatty Acid (Asam Lemak Bebas) menggunakan asam sulfat, dan kedua, transesterifikasi untuk membentuk biodiesel dengan alkohol dan katalis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memproduksi biodiesel dari CPO menggunakan katalis enzim lipase yang diimobilisasi menggunakan resin kation dengan variasi katalis (1,5%-3,5%) dan melihat pengaruh waktu reaksi (6, 12, dan 18 jam), dan kecepatan pengadukan 350 rpm dalam stirred tank reactor. Yield tertinggi mencapai 89,8%, angka saponifikasi 112,21 mg KOH/g, angka iodin 71 g I2/100 g, angka setana tertinggi 80, dan kadar titik nyala 109o C. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa waktu reaksi dan konsentrasi katalis berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kualitas biodiesel yang dihasilkan, dengan biodiesel memenuhi Standar kualitas nasional. Penelitian ini berkontribusi pada pengembangan teknologi biodiesel yang ramah lingkungan dan dapat diperbarui di Indonesia.
Kinetika Absorpsi CO₂ dari Gas Buang Kendaraan dengan Menggunakan Absorben KOH pada Reaktor Gelembung Pancaran Sirait, Agnes Tasya Pintauly; Muhammad Yerizam; Akbar Ismi Aziz Pramito
Jurnal Serambi Engineering Vol. 10 No. 2 (2025): April 2025
Publisher : Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Serambi Mekkah

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Abstract

This research aims to find out the kinetics of CO₂ absorption reaction of automobile exhaust gas using potassium hydroxide (KOH) as an absorbent in a jet bubble reactor. The jet bubble reactor was chosen because of its ability to increase the contact area between gas and liquid, thereby increasing the absorption efficiency. The variables analyzed in this study include KOH concentration, gas flow rate, and operating temperature. A study was conducted on CO₂ gas absorption in automotive gas using pure KOH alkali base solution and maximizing absorption in CO₂ exhaust gas. This study was conducted using concentration variations. (0.1, 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4 M), which is an important step to reduce the greenhouse effect that will negatively affect the environment.
Evaluasi kinerja kalsium borat sebagai pengganti proppant pada abrasive perforation menggunakan coil tubing unit Hafidz, Abdurrahman; Yerizam, Muhammad; Purnamasari, Indah
Jurnal Rekayasa Proses Vol 17 No 1 (2023): Volume 17, Number 1, 2023
Publisher : Jurnal Rekayasa Proses

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jrekpros.72977

Abstract

Metode perforasi konvensional yang melibatkan bahan peledak memiliki banyak kekurangan terutama pada sisi transportasi dan penanganan, pengoperasian yang sulit serta kondisi berbahaya lain yang menyebabkan bahan peledak terjatuh kedalam sumur. Oleh karena itu, metode perforasi abrasif menjadi pilihan yang tepat untuk masa yang akan dating. Penggunaan proppant sebagai media abrasif yang umumnya digunakan, menimbulkan permasalahan pada pembersihan endapan di lubang sumur. Sehingga, penggunaan kalsium borat yang memiliki sifat abrasif dan dapat larut didalam HCl diharapkan dapat mengatasi permasalahan yang ada pada proppant agar tidak memerlukan tindakan pembersihan dan dapat mengehemat waktu operasi, biaya dan meningkatkan keamanan pada sisi operasional secara sekaligus. Pada studi kasus ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis efektifitas dari penggunaan kalsium borat pada perforasi abrasif. Data-data yang dijadikan sumber yaitu data primer yang didapat melalui pengamatan langsung pada saat eksekusi dan Data sekunder yang diperoleh dari sumber kedua dengan mengambil parameter-parameter yang dibutuhkan untuk hal analisis dan pembahasan ataupun melalui kajian pustaka yang mendukung studi kasus. Hasil analisis kedua data tersebut di bagi kedalam dua tahapan, pada tahapan eksekusi diperoleh bahwa durasi rata-rata dari 37 stages perforasi yang telah dilakukan sebesar 13,7 menit melebihi durasi yang dibutuhkan secara analisis yaitu 12,9 menit. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa semua stage perforasi berhasil terlubangi. Sedangkan pada tahapan pasca perforasi abrasif, dilakukan pengamatan parameter produksi sumur selama 7 hari berupa laju alir produksi, kadar air, tekanan alir dan dan ukuran choke. Dari parameter tersebut dilakukan analisis sehingga diperoleh angka persentase yang menunjukkan efektivitas perforasi pada perforasi abrasif menggunakan kalsium borate berada diangka 84% atau 93 lubang yang efektif memproduksi dari total 111 lubang yang diperforasi. Dimana sangat memenuhi ekspektasi dari perusahaan berdasarkan Saudi Aramco Workover Manual.
Manufacturing Chocolate Bar Using VCO as Cocoa Butter Substitute by Conching and Tempering (Reviewed from Conching Time and Variation of Substitute): Pembuatan Cokelat Bar Menggunakan Vco Sebagai Cocoa Butter Substitute Secara Conching dan Tempering (Ditinjau dari Waktu Conching dan Variasi Substitute) Zain, Raina Khoirunisa; Dewi, Erwana; Yerizam, Muhammad
Jurnal Pangan dan Agroindustri Vol. 13 No. 2 (2025): April 2025
Publisher : Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture Technology, Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.jpa.2025.013.02.5

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Abstract One of the important components in making chocolate is cocoa butter because it affects the texture and melting point of the final product. The production process involves several stages, from fermentation to extraction. Therefore, cocoa butter has a high price with limited and fluctuating supply. Cocoa butter also has characteristics that are difficult to replace by other vegetable fats. However, cocoa butter substitutes can be used as an alternative as a more economical substitute. One of them is VCO, which has a high lauric acid content, can soften the texture and has the potential to be a substitute fat in chocolate products. In this study, VCO: Cocoa Butter substitution was carried out with a composition ratio of 0:100, 25:75, 50:50, 75:25, 100:0 (%wt). Chocolate making is processed by conching for 8 and 16 hours with an optimum temperature of 50 ℃ and processed by tempering. From the analysis results, a ratio of 25:75 (%wt) was obtained which produced chocolate characteristics in accordance with SNI 3749-2009, namely with a melting point of 33.2 ℃, water content of 1.20%, ash content of 1.16%, fat content of 43.66%, protein content of 4.89%, and carbohydrate content of 49.09%. VCO tends to lower the melting point of chocolate bars.   AbstrakSalah satu komponen penting dalam pembuatan cokelat adalah cocoa butter karena berpengaruh terhadap tekstur dan titik leleh produk akhir. Proses produksinya melibatkan beberapa tahap, mulai dari fermentasi hingga ekstraksi. Maka dari itu, cocoa butter memiliki harga tinggi dengan pasokan terbatas dan fluktuatif. Cocoa butter juga memiliki karakteristik yang sulit digantikan oleh lemak nabati lainnya. Namun demikian, cocoa butter substitute dapat digunakan sebagai alternatif sebagai pengganti yang lebih ekonomis. Salah satunya adalah VCO, yang memiliki kandungan asam laurat yang tinggi, dapat melembutkan tekstur dan berprotensi menjadi lemak pengganti pada produk cokelat. Dalam penelitian ini, dilakukan substitusi VCO : Cocoa Butter dengan perbandingan komposisi yaitu 0:100, 25:75, 50:50, 75:25, 100:0 (%wt). Pembuatan cokelat diproses secara conching selama 8 dan 16 jam dengan suhu optimum 50 ℃ serta diproses secara tempering. Dari hasil analisis, diperoleh perbandingan 25:75(%wt) yang menghasilkan karakteristik cokelat sesuai dengan SNI 3749-2009, yaitu dengan titik leleh 33,2 ℃, kadar air 1.20%, kadar abu 1,16%, kadar lemak 43,66%, kadar protein 4,8928%, dan kadar karbohidrat 49,0872%. VCO cenderung menurunkan titik leleh pada cokelat bar.
Sosialisasi Pengolahan Air Sumur Bor Menjadi Bersih dengan Tray Aerator Ventury Yerizam, Muhammad; Junaidi, Robert; Manggala, Agus; Riansyah, Epan; Tamara, Ade; Khairunnisa, Annisa Septia
Yumary: Jurnal Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat Vol. 5 No. 4 (2025): Juni
Publisher : Penerbit Goodwood

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35912/yumary.v5i4.3651

Abstract

Purpose: This study aimed to socialize the method of processing drilled well water into clean water that is suitable for use as boiler feed water, with a focus on the use of Tray Aerator Venturi tools to improve water quality. Methodology: The method applied was socialization and application of the Tray Aerator Venturi tool using 3D visualization, which was carried out directly at PT Utama Karya Techindo. The activity begins with a site survey, followed by discussions with company management to identify problems. Results: The results of this activity showed an increase in the understanding of PT Utama Karya Techindo staff regarding the water treatment process. The use of the Tray Aerator Venturi is effective in reducing the levels of iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn) in well water, which were previously the main causes of corrosion in boiler pipes. Conclusions: Using the Tray Aerator Venturi is effective and economical for processing well water into quality boiler feed water. Apart from improving water quality, this technology also reduces the risk of corrosion in pipes. This activity succeeded in providing understanding and skills to partners to operate and maintain the water treatment systems independently. Limitations: The lack of money available to manufacture Venture Tray Aerator tools to be implemented directly in companies to be more effective in outreach. Contribution: The outreach can be used for PT Utama Karya Techindo's needs in managing boiler feed water in Tanjung Enim. This service can be used for household needs in managing clean water because the equipment is easy to make and affordable.
Study on the Utilization of Egg Shells as CO2 Adsorbent in the Combustion Process of Empty Palm Fruit Bunches Pratama, Andrian Putra; Yerizam, Muhammad; Syarif, Aida
International Journal of Research in Vocational Studies (IJRVOCAS) Vol. 5 No. 2 (2025): IJRVOCAS - August
Publisher : Yayasan Ghalih Pelopor Pendidikan (Ghalih Foundation)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53893/ijrvocas.v5i2.429

Abstract

The problem of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from the combustion of biomass, such as empty palm fruit bunches (TKKS), is a significant challenge in climate change mitigation efforts. This research aims to examine the effectiveness of eggshells as a CO2 adsorbent in the combustion process of empty palm fruit bunches, and to analyze the effect of adding adsorbent mass on exhaust gas emissions. Eggshells were calcined at 900°C to produce calcium oxide (CaO), then characterized using XRD and Iodine Number tests, and tested in a CO2 adsorption system using gas flow. The XRD test results showed that calcined eggshells have a crystalline structure with a crystalline level of 93.54%, indicating the dominance of CaO compounds as the active component. The Iodine Number test yielded the highest value of 330.018 mg/g at a mass of 2 grams, which indicates good surface area and porosity. CO2 adsorption testing showed that an adsorbent mass of 15 grams was able to reduce CO2 concentration from 974 ppm to 212 ppm, while adding adsorbent mass above 30 grams did not provide a significant reduction due to the increasing initial CO2 concentration. Overall, the results of this study indicate that eggshells have the potential to be an effective, environmentally friendly, and organic waste-based CO2 adsorbent. Their utilization can be an alternative simple carbon capture technology for biomass combustion systems, while also supporting sustainable household waste management.
Karakterisasi Elektrolit Biobaterai Berbasis Kulit Nanas dengan NaCl sebagai Penguat Konduktivitas dan NaOH sebagai Pelarut Aprilia, Luraselly Arda; Mustain Zamhari; Muhammad Yerizam
Chemical Engineering Journal Storage (CEJS) Vol. 5 No. 4 (2025): Chemical Engineering Journal Storage (CEJS)-Agustus 2025
Publisher : LPPM Universitas Malikussaleh

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29103/cejs.v5i4.23642

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji potensi limbah kulit nanas (Ananas comosus) sebagai bahan baku elektrolit biobaterai ramah lingkungan. Kulit nanas mengandung senyawa elektrolit alami seperti asam organik dan gula yang dapat menghasilkan energi listrik melalui reaksi redoks. Untuk meningkatkan kinerja biobaterai, ditambahkan NaCl sebagai penguat konduktivitas dan NaOH sebagai pelarut bahan organik. Variasi yang digunakan meliputi konsentrasi NaOH (0,1; 0,2; 0,3; 0,4; 0,5 M), NaCl (0,5; 1; 1,5; 2; 2,5 M), serta massa kulit nanas (5, 10, 15 gram). Pengujian dilakukan dengan pengukuran tegangan, arus, daya, pH, konduktivitas, serta waktu nyala beban berupa lampu LED dan kipas kecil. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa kombinasi 10 gram kulit nanas, NaOH dengan konsentrasi 0,5 M dan NaCl dengan konsentrasi 2,5 M menghasilkan daya tertinggi sebesar 1478,04 mW dan konduktivitas yang meningkat signifikan, yang berdampak positif pada efisiensi sistem. Arus listrik dan durasi nyala beban meningkat seiring dengan peningkatan konduktivitas polusi. Selain itu, elektroda tembaga-aluminium (Cu-Al) menunjukkan kinerja yang baik dalam mendukung reaksi elektrokimia. Dengan demikian, kulit nanas terbukti memiliki potensi besar sebagai bahan alternatif elektrolit, dan penambahan NaCl serta NaOH secara optimal dan dapat meningkatkan efisiensi dan kinerja biobaterai.
SOSIALISASI PEMANFAATAN CANGKANG BIJI KARET MENJADI BIO BRIKET DI DESA GELEBAK, DALAM KABUPATEN BAYUASIN Muhammad Yerizam; Cindi Ramayanti; Mustain Zamhari; Feri; Helen Chairunisa; Saqila Putri Aulia
Aptekmas Jurnal Pengabdian pada Masyarakat Vol 7 No 3 (2024): Aptekmas Volume 7 Nomor 3 2024
Publisher : Politeknik Negeri Sriwijaya

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Abstract

Community Service Activities aim to increase public awareness about the benefits of rubber seed shells and their management. We target the villagers of Gelebak Dalam to equip them with the necessary skills in the management of rubber seed shell utilization. Through these activities, we identify the potential and dangers associated with rubber seed shells and provide practical training on biobriquette production. It is hoped that this initiative can increase the income of the local community and reduce the negative impact of rubber seed shell waste. The results of this service include yield reports, guidebooks, and scientific articles, which will empower residents to produce biobriquettes independently.
Co-Authors Abu Hasan Abu Hasan Abu Hasan Achmad Reza Aditya Amin Agum Try Wardhana Agus Manggala Agustin Pratiwi, Ines Ahmad Zamheri Aida Syarif AIDA SYARIF Akbar Ismi Aziz Pramito Aliyah Montessa Amin, Achmad Reza Aditya Anerasari Meidinariasty Anerasari Meidinariasty Anggi Dwi Chandrika Apriansyah Zulatama Aprilia, Luraselly Arda Aria Yopianita Arif Budiman Asyeni Miftahul Jannah Asyeni Miftahul Jannah Ayuni Lestari Azaria Hikmah Fajrianti Az’zahrah, Nandyta Rizqi Cindi Ramayanti Dilia Puspa Dina Eka Pranata Dwi Nugroho, Afrian Eka Mulyana, Eka Ellina Margaretty Endang Sri Rahadianti Erwana Dewi Erwin Erwin Fatahul Arifin, Fatahul Febri Liani Br Simanjuntak Fenoldi, Nova Feri Hafidz, Abdurrahman Helen Chairunisa Ihtifazhuddin, Farhan INDAH PURNAMASARI Indah Purnamasari Indah Purnamasari Indrayani Indrayani Jabborov, Behzod Kalsum, Leila Khairunnisa, Annisa Septia Kusuma, Mutmainnah Ningtyas M, Anerasari M. Ridho Triadi M. Zaman Manggala, Agus Martha Aznury Martha Martha Muhammad Yori Pratama Muhammad Zaman Mustain Zamhari Nabila, Rizky Ayu Ningsih, Anis Wahyu Nyayu Fia Atindu Nyayu Zubaidah Nyayu Zubaidah Pratama, Andrian Putra Pratama, Muhammad Yori Putra, Rizkika Raysha Amelya Renny Citra Ramadhani Riansyah, Epan Robert Junaidi Robert Junaidi Rusdianasari Rusdianasari Rusdianasari Sabrina, Delanisa Salsha Ardiani Saqila Putri Aulia Sari Rizky Amelia Sarmidi Sarmidi Selastia Yulianti Selastia Yuliati Selastia Yuliati Silmi Tsabita Sirait, Agnes Tasya Pintauly Tamara, Ade Wan Qori Sri Maulani Winnugroho Wiratman, Manfaluthy Hakim, Tiara Aninditha, Aru W. Sudoyo, Joedo Prihartono Yahya, Muhammad Habib Yohandri Bow Zain, Raina Khoirunisa