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Titik Sumarti
IPB University
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Journal : Journal of Family Science

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Left-Behind Children’s Well-being: A Systematic Review of Parental Migration Impacts Alfiasari, Alfiasari; Wahyuni, Ekawati Sri; Sumarti, Titik; Kolopaking, Lala M.
Journal of Family Sciences Vol. 10 No. 2 (2025): Journal of Family Sciences
Publisher : Department of Family and Consumer Sciences, Faculty of Human Ecology, IPB University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/jfs.v10i2.65371

Abstract

This systematic review synthesizes evidence from 23 peer-reviewed studies to examine the multidimensional impacts of parental migration on the well-being of left-behind children (LBC). Given the rising global trends in labor migration, understanding its implications on child well-being is crucial for determining child protection frameworks. This review adopted the PRISMA included over 80,000 child participants from studies conducted across Asia, Eastern Europe, and Sub-Saharan Africa. It identified five core domains of child well-being affected by parental absence: psychological-emotional health, social-relational functioning, educational outcomes, physical health, and subjective well-being. Maternal migration, inconsistent caregiving, and weak parent-child communication were consistently associated with poorer emotional security and academic performance outcomes. In contrast, stable caregiving by educated guardians and sustained emotional contact with migrant parents mitigated some negative effects. Mediating factors, such as caregiver quality, peer and school support, and gender dynamics, influenced how children internalize the migration experience. These findings consistently highlighted that the nature and quality of caregiving environments are critical in mediating the developmental risks associated with parental migration. This review underscores the urgent need for migration and welfare policies prioritizing family unity and children’s voices in decision-making.
Co-Authors ., Rokhani A.A. Ketut Agung Cahyawan W Abdul Malik Adawiyah, Sa'diyah El Adistika, Exciyona Ahmad Alam Ahmad Taqi Rayhan Aida Vitayala Aida Vitayala Hubeis Aida Vitayala S. Hubbeis Aida Vitayala S. Hubeis Alfiasari Ambarwati Dwi Astuti Ningrum Anggoro Wakhid Subkhan Hamid Anggriani Syarif, Selvy Arif Satria Armelia Agustina Arya Hadi Dharmawan Asri Sulistiawati Borni Kurniawan, Kharis Fadlan D S Priyarsono Debbie Luciani Prastiwi Dedy Irawan Dhevi Pradipta, Novitha Syari Dian Permata Sari Dian Permata Sari Didin S. Damanhuri Djoko Susanto Dwi Hastuti DWI HASTUTI Edi Puspito Ekawati Sri Wahyuni Eko Wahyono Endriatmo Soetarto Ety Riyani Fahmi Taufiqurrahman Falatehan, Sriwulan Ferindian Feliatra Hamid, Anggoro Wakhid Subkhan Hana Indriana Hardinsyah Haryono Haryono Hilmawan, Arif Iin Sulis Setyowati Ikeu Tanziha Indiati, Laksmi Irni Rahmayani Johan Ivanovich Agusta Iwan Nurhadi Laksmi Indiati Lala M Kolopaking Mahmudi Siwi, Mahmudi Maihasni M Maksum, Mohammad Maliati, Nulwita Melly Amalia Muhammad Obie Muhartono, Rizky Mukhtar Mukhtar Mutmainna . Ningrum, Ambarwati Dwi Astuti Novitha Syari Dhevi Pradipta Nurismawan, Fajar Imani Nurmala Katrina Pandjaitan Okka, Oktavianus Pudji Muljono Rahmawati . Retna Mutiar, Indria Rilus Kinseng Rina Mardiana Riyani, Ety Rokhani Rokhani Ryandi Simanjuntak S Damanhuri, Didin S.M.P. Tjondronegoro Saharuddin Simanjuntak, Asnika Putri Sinta Oktavi Siti Masithoh Siti Nurul Qoriah Soeryo Adiwibowo Sofyan Sjaf Sonny Koeshendrajana Suhaeri Mukti Sumardjo Taufiqurrahman, Fahmi Taufiqurrahman, Fahmi TRI PRANADJI Valenikha Fitri Nadhira Valenikha Fitri Nadhira, Valenikha Fitri Wati, Elva Wulandari w Youwikijaya, Siti Erwina Yunindyawati Yunindyawati Zahri Nasution