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Journal : JOIV : International Journal on Informatics Visualization

Multi-label Aspect Dangerous Speech Classification Using Keyword-Driven Ensemble Classifier on Imbalanced Data Findawati, Yulian; Budi Raharjo, Agus; Adni Navastara, Dini; Yonathan, Vincent; Yatestha, Anak Agung; Purwitasari, Diana
JOIV : International Journal on Informatics Visualization Vol 9, No 4 (2025)
Publisher : Society of Visual Informatics

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62527/joiv.9.4.3129

Abstract

This study aims to detect various aspects of dangerous speech on social media, particularly Twitter, which has the potential to incite violence and increase prejudice against specific communities. The research dataset includes tweets containing dangerous speech related to the Indonesian government from 2019 to 2022. Researchers manually labeled the data based on seven aspects of hazardous speech, including social and historical context, dehumanization, accusations in the mirror, threats against women/children, questioning in-group loyalty, and threats against groups. The study employs a multi-label classification method to handle these aspects, which appear simultaneously in a single text. The main challenges include data imbalance, ambiguity, and the informal language frequently appearing in tweets. This study introduces a Keyword-Driven Ensemble Classifier (KDEC), a new ensemble model that leverages the strengths of SVC, Logistic Regression, IndoBERTweet, and specific keyword lists for each label. Researchers designed KDEC based on the best results from machine learning and deep learning methods tested in this study. The research team tested the model on small and large datasets, conducting trials involving seven and four-label classifications. The results show that KDEC, with label reduction and keyword support, effectively addresses data imbalance, resolves label overlap, and achieves 92% accuracy for seven-label classification and 88% for four-label classification. The findings of this research are highly relevant for hate speech analysis across various platforms and languages, particularly in understanding context and conveyed messages. Additionally, this study provides valuable insights into managing harmful content in online government-related discussions. This method identifies dangerous speech on a larger scale and supports data-driven social media content regulation decision-making.
Co-Authors A.A. Ketut Agung Cahyawan W Ade Eviyanti Ade Eviyanti Aditya Kurniawan Adni Navastara, Dini Agustiningsih, Afikah Ahmad Rizqi Efendi Aji, Bagas Prakoso Aldio Nur Samsi Alim, Kholqi Aljunza, Marshal Sheva Alnarus Kautsar, Irwan ardhi pradana Ari Setiawan Arif Senja Fitrani Arif Senja Fitroni Astutik, Ika Ratna Indra Budi Raharjo, Agus Cindy Cahyaning Astuti Diana Purwitasari Dwi Cahyono, Qitfirul Eni Fariyatul Fahyuni Erfina, Idha Maharani Ericka Sukma Putri Wilujeng Ericka Sukma Putri Wilujeng, Ericka Sukma Putri Fitroni, Arif Senja Ganang Ganindra Aulia Akbar Hanafi, Rizal Hidayah, Firmansyah Nur Hindarto Ida Rindaningsih Ida Rindaningsih, Ida Idha Maharani Erfina Ika Ratna Indra Astutik Imron Hidayat Intan Mauliana, Metatia Irwan A. Kautsar Irwan Alnarus Kautsar Irwan Alnarus Kautsar Islam Al-Hazmi, Auliansyah Jihaan Anisa Mukti Khubro, Jamaluddin Jumadil Maghfiroh, Alfiah Malihatin S, Ulfah Malna, Intan Afriza Mardhatillah, Radhita Fitra Maulana, Mahardika Rafi maulana, Metatia intan Mauliana, Metatia Intan Mochamad Alfan Rosid Moh. Attar Jibran Mohammad Fadli Zaka Mohammad Suryawinata Muhamad Alfin Firdiansyah Muhammad Alfin Firdiansyah Muhammad Choir Ridho Azizi Muhammad Fedy Rifki Muhammad Hilal Hamdi Muhammad Sayyi Syeh Putradifa Muhammad Syafri Romadhon Ni'matu Zahroh Nuril Lutvi Azizah Nurwijayanti Pangestu, Krisna Aji Pratama, Chandra Hary Puspitasari, Anastasya Nadia Putri, Dewi Melisa Ramadhan, Aldo Reghan Ratih Puspitasari Ratih Puspitasari Rizaldy, Moch Dimas Fahmi Rizky Fajar Ryandi Rohman Dijaya Rosid, Muhammad Alfan Saputra, Abhirama Senja Fitrani, Arif Septian Dwi Pratama Septian Dwi Pratama Setiawan Bagus Rustianto Setyaningsih, Yuni Siska Dyah Pertiwi Siti Nur Haliza Steven Owen Purnawan Suhendro Busono Sumarno , Sumarno Sumarno . Suprianto Supriyanto - Suryani, Siti Dwi Sutarman Taurusta, Cindy Uce Indahyanti Wiwik Dwi Hastuti Wiwik Sumarmi Yasinta, Aulia Nur Yatestha, Anak Agung Yonathan, Vincent Yunianita Rahmawati Yunianita Rahmawati, Yunianita Zaka, Mohammad Fadli