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All Journal e-GIGI Insisiva Dental Journal : Majalah Kedokteran Gigi Insisiva Journal of Case Reports in Dental Medicine MDJ (Makassar Dental Journal) Sinnun Maxillofacial Journal Yarsi Dental Journal Jurnal of Syiah Kuala Dentistry Society
Syamsiah Syam, Syamsiah
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Dentistry Health Professions Materials Science & Nanotechnology Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health

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The Effectiveness of Belimbing Wuluh Fruit Extract (Averrhoa bilimbi L) as A Smear Layer Cleanser Asmah, Nur; Syam, Syamsiah; Sembiring, Ira Asnita; Selviani, Yusrini; Syalsabilah, Amirah
Journal of Syiah Kuala Dentistry Society Vol 9, No 1 (2024): June 2024
Publisher : Dentistry Faculty

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24815/jds.v9i1.40434

Abstract

Background: Root canal treatment is an effort to maintain the function and aesthetics of teeth. The smear layer is formed from the remains of instrumentation composed of organic and inorganic components. A smear layer in the tooth root canal will benefit the adhesion and colonization of microorganisms, block the action of disinfectant solutions, and prevent medicaments in the tooth root canal from penetrating the dentin tubules in the tooth root canal walls. Irrigation can be used for cleaning and disinfection in areas of the root canal that cannot be reached using instruments. Starfruit contains alkoloids, saponins, tannins, flavonoids, phenols, and triterpenoids. Objective: To determine the effectiveness of star fruit extract (Averrhoa bilimbi L) as a smear layer cleaning agent. Materials and Methods: This researcher used laboratory or experimental testing called Post Test Only Control Design. Samples were taken using the purposive sampling technique involving four treatments and six repetitions. The statistical test used is the Mann-Whiteney test. Results: Based on the Mann-Whiteney test, the test results obtained a p-value of 0.093 which is more significant than 0.05 (p-value 0.05). The results showed no significant difference between the 17% EDTA and 35% extract treatment groups regarding smear layer cleanliness. The 35% extract group is as good as the 17% EDTA group. Conclusion: star fruit extract (Averrhoa bilimbi L) is 35% effective in cleaning the smear layer.
The RENDEMEN HIDROKSIAPATIT DARI TULANG IKAN CAKALANG (Katsuwonus pelamis) DENGAN LAMA WAKTU 12, 24, 36, 48 JAM DENGAN METODE PRESIPITASI Syam, Syamsiah; Febriany, Mila; Mattulda, Indrya Kirana; Husein, Husnah; Abbas, Ilham
YARSI Dental Journal Vol. 3 No. 2 (2026): YARSI DENTAL JOURNAL
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian Universitas YARSI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33476/ydj.v3i2.308

Abstract

Background: Skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) bone waste in South Sulawesi has high potential as a natural hydroxyapatite (HA) source due to its calcium–phosphate content. However, the effect of precipitation duration on HA yield and phase composition remains unclear. Research Objective: To evaluate the effect of precipitation time (12, 24, 36, and 48 hours) on hydroxyapatite yield and phase composition from skipjack tuna bone. Methods: Experimental laboratory study using precipitation method. Bone-derived CaO was reacted with 0.6 M H₃PO₄ under controlled pH using NaOH 1 M. The precipitate was aged for 12–48 hours, dried, calcined, and weighed to determine yield. Phase composition was analyzed using XRD. Results: The highest yield was obtained at 24 hours (97.807%). Longer durations (36 and 48 hours) reduced yield. XRD showed Whitlockite dominance at 12 hours (84.5%), increased Hydroxyapatite at 24 hours (46.1%), Whitlockite re-dominance at 36 hours (50.4%), and Fluorapatite dominance at 48 hours (49.7%). Conclusion: A 24-hour precipitation time produced the highest HA yield with balanced phase composition. Prolonged precipitation altered mineral phases and reduced efficiency.
Analysis of the potential of ethanol extract from small star fruit (Averrhoa bilimbi L) as a smear layer remover: Analisis potensi ekstrak etanol buah belimbing wuluh (Averrhoa bilimbi L) sebagai pembersih smear layer Asmah, Nur; Mattulada, Indrya Kirana; Syam, Syamsiah; Shabrina, Ika; Amanda, Nurul Fauzia
Makassar Dental Journal Vol. 15 No. 1 (2026): Volume 15 Issue 1 April 2026
Publisher : Makassar Dental Journal PDGI Makassar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

Root canal treatment aims to remove vital and non-vital pulp tissue from the root canal. The smear layer consists of residual of RCT containing organic and inorganic matter from the root canal. Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA 17%) is used as an irrigant to remove the smear layer, but it is toxic to periapi-cal tissues. One natural irrigant that is safe for periapical tissues is the extract of star fruit (Averrhoa bilimbi L.), which contains active compounds such as sapo-nins, flavonoids, and tannins that have potential to remove smear layer. This article reports on the potential of BBW ethanol extract as a smear layer cleaner. This laboratory experimental study, employing a post-test only control design, involved 24 single-rooted teeth divided into 4 treatment groups with 6 replicates. Assessment was performed using confocal laser scanning microscopy based on the Hulsmann scoring system, followed by statistical analysis. Based on the Mann-Whitney test, the comparison between the treatment groups (17% EDTA) and the 35% extract showed a p-value of 0.269, indicating no significant dif-ference. It was concluded that the 35% ethanol extract of belimbing wuluh fruit is effective in removing the smear layer and has potential as a natural root ca-nal irrigation agent.
Co-Authors A, Erna Irawati Abbas, Ilham Abdi, Muhammad Jayadi Aldilawati, Sari Amanda, Nurul Fauzia Amran, Ardian Jayakusuma Anas, Risnayanti Andi Tenri Biba Mallombasang Arifin, Fadil Abdillah Arifin, Nurfadillah Aris, Muhammad Aslan, Sarahfin Asma Asyfa, Nur Bima, Lukman Eva, Andy Fairuz Zuraida Febriany, Mila Hamka, Amira Luthfiyah Hendra Purnomo, Hendra Husein, Husnah Indrya K. Mattulada, Indrya K. Indrya Kirana Mattulada, Indrya Kirana Lan, Wen C. Lauddin, Taufan Lilies Anggarwati Astuti, Lilies Anggarwati Mattulda, Indrya Kirana Muhammad Ruslin, Muhammad Muthalib, Adelya Awdya Nur Asmah, Nur Nur Fadhilah Arifin Nurfitriana, Besse Nurhayaty Natsir, Nurhayaty pe william, halisca clara Qiu, Youjin Raadiah, Isyatun Saito, Takashi Sembiring, Ira Asnita Shabrina, Ika Surahman, Ayustikarini Syalsabilah, Amirah Wiwik Handayani Yasmin, Yuli Yusrini Selviani, Yusrini Yusuf, Andi S. H