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All Journal Jurnal Arbitrer IDEAS: Journal on English Language Teaching and Learning, Linguistics and Literature Language Literacy: Journal of Linguistics, Literature, and Language Teaching Eralingua : Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Asing dan Sastra AICLL: ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE JOURNAL OF LANGUAGE Journal of English Language and Education International Journal of English and Applied Linguistics (IJEAL) International Journal of Multidisciplinary Sciences and Arts
M. Manugeren, M.
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Arts Humanities Computer Science & IT Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Social Sciences Other

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NEGATIVE POLITENESS STRATEGIES IN ANDREA HIRATA’S NOVEL LASKAR PELANGI Khair, Muhammad; Manugeren, M.; Purwarno, Purwarno
JOURNAL OF LANGUAGE Vol 6, No 2: November 2024
Publisher : Universitas Islam Sumatera Utara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30743/jol.v6i2.9328

Abstract

This research delves into the intricate portrayal of negative politeness strategy in Andrea Hirata's novel Laskar Pelangi. Employing linguistic politeness theory by Brown and Levinson and a structuralism approach, the study aims to elucidate the connection between linguistics and literature within the novel's context. Utilizing a qualitative research methodology, the text is analyzed, focusing on instances of negative politeness strategies employed by characters in various social interactions. Through a descriptive qualitative approach, 53 instances of negative politeness strategies are identified in the novel. The literature review underscores the significance of negative politeness for maintaining rapport and respect in social interactions, particularly in contexts prone to imposition or conflict. Extracted examples from the novel illustrate how characters utilize negative politeness to navigate complex social dynamics and preserve harmonious relationships within their community. The findings reveal cultural nuances embedded in politeness strategies, reflecting Indonesian societal norms and values. Characters in Laskar Pelangi employ indirect speech acts, hedging language, and deferential expressions to mitigate threats to others' autonomy or comfort, contributing to the narrative's tone of warmth and sincerity. Overall, this research highlights the integral role of negative politeness strategies in shaping character interactions and reflecting cultural values in Laskar Pelangi. By employing these strategies, characters negotiate social hierarchies and navigate interpersonal relationships while demonstrating respect and consideration for others.
CONFLICT IN JOHN RONALD REUEL TOLKIEN’S NOVEL LORD OF THE RINGS: THE FELLOWSHIP OF THE RING Daeli, El Nitari; Manugeren, M.
JOURNAL OF LANGUAGE Vol 6, No 1: May 2024
Publisher : Universitas Islam Sumatera Utara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30743/jol.v6i1.8986

Abstract

This study explores the intricate conflicts experienced by the protagonist in J. R. R. Tolkien's epic masterpiece, The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring. Focused primarily on internal and external conflicts, the narrative follows a fellowship of nine individuals united by their quest to destroy the malevolent Ring, possessed by the dark lord Sauron, in the fiery depths of Mount Doom. Throughout their journey, the protagonist grapples with multifaceted challenges, providing rich material for analysis. Employing a literary psychological approach, this study draws upon Kenney's theory of conflict typologies to explore the protagonist's inner turmoil and the adversities encountered externally. Utilizing a descriptive qualitative method, the research meticulously examines these conflicts to unveil their profound significance within the narrative. The findings of the study underscore the protagonist's dual struggle, comprising internal and external conflicts. Internally, the protagonist contends with the classic conflict of man versus himself, navigating doubts, fears, and moral dilemmas. Externally, a complex web of conflicts unfolds, encompassing interpersonal clashes (man versus man), societal discord (man versus society), and the formidable forces of nature (man versus nature). By dissecting these conflicts, the study illuminates the psychological and narrative depths of Tolkien's work, revealing the protagonist's arduous journey as a reflection of universal human struggles against both inner demons and external adversities.
EMOTIONAL INTIMACY IN DANIELLE STEEL'S NOVEL FINE THINGS Umami, Elvi; Purwarno, Purwarno; Manugeren, M.
JOURNAL OF LANGUAGE Vol 6, No 1: May 2024
Publisher : Universitas Islam Sumatera Utara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30743/jol.v6i1.9114

Abstract

This qualitative study delves into the portrayal of emotional intimacy in Danielle Steel's novel, Fine Things using Robert Sternberg's Triangular Theory of Love as a theoretical framework. The research method involved textual analysis of excerpts from the novel, focusing on instances of emotional intimacy depicted among characters. The literature review section provides a comprehensive overview of Sternberg's Triangular Theory of Love, emphasizing its three components: intimacy, passion, and decision/commitment. The analysis highlights the importance of emotional intimacy in various types of relationships, emphasizing its role in fostering closeness, understanding, and trust. The discussion section presents findings from the textual analysis, showcasing excerpts that illustrate the complexities of emotional intimacy among characters in the novel. Examples include moments of vulnerability, communication, and affection shared between romantic partners, family members, and friends. Key findings reveal the nuanced portrayal of emotional intimacy, ranging from expressions of love and support to instances of conflict and betrayal. The conclusion drawn from the analysis underscores the profound impact of emotional intimacy on individuals and their relationships, highlighting its role in shaping the dynamics of love, loss, and personal growth depicted in the novel. Implications of this study extend to a deeper understanding of emotional intimacy in fictional narratives and its relevance to real-life relationships. By applying Sternberg's Triangular Theory of Love to literary analysis, this study contributes to the on-going discourse on the complexities of human emotions and intimate connections portrayed in literature.
PROMISCUITY IN EKA KURNIAWAN’S NOVEL LELAKI HARIMAU Nurlaili, Nurlaili; Chairani, Sri; Purwarno, Purwarno; Manugeren, M.
JOURNAL OF LANGUAGE Vol 6, No 1: May 2024
Publisher : Universitas Islam Sumatera Utara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30743/jol.v6i1.9257

Abstract

Promiscuity, a recurring theme in literature, is examined through various lenses, reflecting the complexities of human relationships, societal norms, and cultural contexts. In Eka Kurniawan's novel Lelaki Harimau, promiscuity serves as a thematic lens through which Kurniawan explores the intricate interplay of desire, power, and societal expectations. This paper aims to delve into the portrayal of promiscuity in Lelaki Harimau, employing a sociology of literature approach combined with a qualitative descriptive method. Through close textual analysis and thematic exploration, the study seeks to unravel the cultural, social, and psychological dimensions of promiscuity as depicted in the novel. The research findings highlight the destructive consequences of unchecked hedonism, as exemplified by characters like Anwar Sadat and his daughter Laila. Furthermore, the study discusses how Kurniawan's narrative challenges entrenched notions of morality and sexuality, urging readers to confront uncomfortable truths about human nature and societal constructs. Ultimately, Lelaki Harimau emerges not only as a compelling work of literature but also as a powerful commentary on the enduring relevance of literature in illuminating social issues and advocating for positive change.
VERSATILITY IN ALEXANDRE DUMAS’ NOVEL THE COUNT OF MONTE CRISTO Ricky, Ricky; Manugeren, M.
JOURNAL OF LANGUAGE Vol 6, No 1: May 2024
Publisher : Universitas Islam Sumatera Utara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30743/jol.v6i1.8990

Abstract

The objective of the study is to reveal the versatility of the protagonist and to understand more about the implementation of versatility in daily life to obtain an ease in every path. The whole analysis is conducted by means of descriptive qualitative method, the one commonly used to uncover social phenomena and in this case to uncover how the protagonist revenge those who have ruined his life using his versatility. The data are texts from the novel The Count of Monte Cristo by Alexander Dumas tending to issues of versatility. The outcomes of the study show the following conclusions. There are three versatilities of the protagonist found in the novel, namely diplomacy, congeniality, and camouflage. Edmond Dantes communicates and creates connections through diplomacy. The forms of diplomacy he does are dialogue, negotiation, and lobbying. Congeniality traits that appear in Edmond Dantes are humility, empathy, belief in action, using words wisely, and patience. To manipulate his enemies, Edmond Dantes performs a variety of camouflage. The camouflage characteristics of Edmond Dantes are arrogance and smartness.
VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMAN IN EKA KURNIAWAN’S NOVEL CANTIK ITU LUKA Fhadila, Riska; Manugeren, M.; Purwarno, Purwarno
JOURNAL OF LANGUAGE Vol 6, No 2: November 2024
Publisher : Universitas Islam Sumatera Utara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30743/jol.v6i2.9608

Abstract

This study delves into the theme of violence against women in Eka Kurniawan's novel Cantik Itu Luka  based on gender roles and violence experienced by women during and after Japan's periods of pre-independence and post-independence. The study aims to identify and analyze the various forms of violence and the underlying factors contributing to social deviance towards the protagonist, utilizing theoretical framework of cultural forms of violence by means of descriptive qualitative research to uncover the social phenomena of violence against women.  The study concludes that the novel provides a profound exploration of gender-based violence, encompassing direct, structural, and cultural dimensions of violence. The protagonist embodies the trauma of direct violence witnessed during the Japanese occupation, highlighting the gender-based discrimination prevalent against women. Structural violence is evident in societal disparities, while cultural violence permeates the narrative through deeply rooted attitudes and beliefs. The  novel also  delves into various aspects of discrimination faced by female characters in educational, domestic, and professional settings. The intertwining of historical contexts and personal stories within the novel serves as a potent commentary on women's ongoing struggles for justice and the enduring effects of discrimination. Ultimately, Cantik Itu Luka emerges as a poignant exploration of the intricate layers of gender-based violence and the resilience exhibited by women in confronting oppression.
MARY SHELLEY'S FRANKENSTEIN AS A GOTHIC NOVEL Yanti, Irma; Suhadi, Jumino; Manugeren, M.
JOURNAL OF LANGUAGE Vol 6, No 1: May 2024
Publisher : Universitas Islam Sumatera Utara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30743/jol.v6i1.9076

Abstract

Gothic stories have a distinctive feature of presenting suspense and horror elements that make the reader both scared and curious as they read the gothic novel. The Gothic novel does not shy away from the dark side, a battle between good and evil, but the victory is not always clear-cut. This study examines gothic elements in Mary Shelley's novel Frankenstein. The purpose of this study is to analyse the gothic elements in Mary Shelley's novel Frankenstein. This study applies the theory of gothic novel elements from Robert Harris in identifying the gothic elements in Mary Shelley's novel Frankenstein. Descriptive qualitative research is applied in this study. The data are the utterances and quotations that are related to the gothic elements in the novel. The results of this study indicate that there are seven gothic elements found in the novel: setting in a castle or old mansion, an atmosphere of mystery and suspense, omens, portents, visions, supernatural or otherwise inexplicable events, high, even overwrought emotion, women in distress, and the metonymy of gloom and horror.
POLITENESS STRATEGIES IN DIGITAL POLITICAL COMMUNICATION: GANJAR PRANOWO’S INSTAGRAM INTERACTION Marisa, Vera; Manugeren, M.; Suhadi, Jumino
JOURNAL OF LANGUAGE Vol 7, No 1: May 2025
Publisher : Universitas Islam Sumatera Utara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30743/jol.v7i1.10820

Abstract

This study investigates the politeness strategies employed in interactions on Ganjar Pranowo's Instagram account, with particular attention to how linguistic choices shape digital political communication. It explores the strategies used by both followers and the politician to navigate social dynamics, express solidarity, and manage face-threatening acts within a public online setting. Utilizing a qualitative content analysis approach, the study examines 250 comments and responses, categorized according to Brown and Levinson’s four politeness strategies: bald-on-record, positive politeness, negative politeness, and off-record. The findings reveal that positive politeness is the most commonly employed strategy among followers, reflecting a supportive and affiliative communicative style. Bald-on-record strategies are also frequently observed, indicating direct and unmitigated expressions. In contrast, Ganjar Pranowo primarily adopts bald-on-record strategies, suggesting a preference for clarity and communicative efficiency. Negative politeness and off-record strategies appear less frequently, underscoring the overall informal and inclusive nature of the digital interactions.
THE CONSEQUENCES OF DEFAMATION IN HAMKA’S NOVEL TERUSIR Wahyuningsih, Mukti; Manugeren, M.; Pardi, Pardi
JOURNAL OF LANGUAGE Vol 6, No 2: November 2024
Publisher : Universitas Islam Sumatera Utara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30743/jol.v6i2.9606

Abstract

Defamation is an act that harms an individual’s reputation through the spread of false statements. It is commonly categorized into two forms: libel, which involves written defamation, and slander, which refers to spoken or direct defamation. This research focuses on slander as a form of defamation that deeply impacts Mariah, the protagonist in Hamka’s novel Terusir. The study examines the consequences of defamation on Mariah, who, as a victim, endures severe hardships and social alienation. Adopting a sociological approach to literature, this research situates defamation within the context of real-world social dynamics, emphasizing its destructive potential within both fictional and actual communities. Using a descriptive qualitative method, data were gathered from the novel’s narrative, as well as from monologues and dialogues. Terusir by Hamka serves as the primary data source, supplemented by secondary references that enhance the contextual analysis. Findings reveal that Mariah suffers extensively from defamation: she is publicly shamed and expelled from her home by her husband during a stormy night, symbolizing her isolation and loss of dignity. This defamatory act not only tarnishes Mariah’s identity as a respected mother and wife but also severs her relationship with her son, leading her into a state of near madness fueled by profound emotional turmoil and an overwhelming sense of loss.
Culture of Sambatan in the Midst of Modernization in Air Putih District, Batubara Regency Manugeren, M.; Pardi, Pardi; Mahid, Perveen Sonia
International Journal of English and Applied Linguistics (IJEAL) Vol. 3 No. 3 (2023): Volume 3 Issue 3 December 2023
Publisher : ITScience (Information Technology and Science)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47709/ijeal.v3i3.4672

Abstract

This research is motivated by the existence of the sambatan culture carried out by the Javanese people outside their original area until now with the aims to explore and describe the sustainability and shifting values of the sambatan culture in Air Putih District, Batubara Regency in the midst of modernization through qualitative research with data collection techniques in the form of interviews, observations and document studies. The technique for determining sources or informants is the snowball technique. The theory used is the theory of social change and semiotics. Data analysis refers to the analysis method of Miles, Huberman and Saldana by triangulating methods and data sources to test the validity of the data in drawing research conclusions. The results of the study show that there are values of mutual cooperation, volunteerism, kinship, solidarity and empathy, social equality, altruism, social identity and trust in the Sambatan culture. Modernization that has changed the mindset and life of rural communities has had an impact on the shifting values of the sambatan culture marked by causal factors such as the emergence of wages, individual nature, increasing economy and the availability of experts.
Co-Authors Anastasia Wiwik Swastiwi Asnani Asnani Chairani, Sri Daeli, El Nitari Desyara, R.A Trivani Efendi Barus, Efendi Fhadila, Riska Hasibuan, Derliana Hidayati Hidayati Intan Maulina, Intan Irma Yanti Jumino Suhadi, Jumino Khair, Muhammad Mahid, Perveen Sonia Marisa, Vera Nurlaili Nurlaili Pardi Pardi Pardi Pardi Pardi, Pardi Pawiro, Muhammad Ali Pratiwy, Devi Purwarno, Purwarno Ricky Ricky Safreni, Fifi Siwi, Purwanto Sri Wulan, Sri Syarifah Syarifah, Syarifah T. Thyrhaya Zein Tanjung, Nita Novianda Umami, Elvi Wahyuningsih, Mukti Yanti Kristina Sinaga