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Journal : The Indonesian Biomedical Journal

Immunomodulatory Effect of Momordica charantia L. Fruit Ethanol Extract on Phagocytic Activity and Capacity of Mice Peritoneal Macrophages Parawansah Parawansah; Tomy Nurtamin; Sufiah Asri Mulyawati; Nuralifah Nuralifah; Wa Ode Arlina Misnaeni
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Vol 10, No 2 (2018)
Publisher : The Prodia Education and Research Institute (PERI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18585/inabj.v10i2.390

Abstract

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this research is to understand the secondary metabolites of Momordica charantia L. extract, as well as to disclose the potential of M. charantia extract in the phagocytic activity and capacity of peritoneummacrophages.METHODS: Examination of immunomodulatory effect was done by giving M. charantia ethanol extract on 5 treatment groups, given intra-peritoneally to mice daily. Echinacea extract as positive control and double distilled water as negative control were also given. On the 8th day, mice were infected with Staphylococcus epidermidis. After 30 minutes, peritoneum fluid was obtained to observe the activity and capacity of macrophage cells.RESULTS: The results showed significant phagocytic activity (p<0.05) at a concentration of 1,200 ppm compare to the other groups. Meanwhile the macrophage cell capacity was found statistically insignificant (p>0.05). The highest phagocytic activity was the group treated with 1,200 ppm (62%), significantly higher than other groups.CONCLUSION: The secondary metabolite content of M. charantia is alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and triterpenoids. The 1,200 ppm M. charantia ethanol extract is potential in inducing phagocytic activity and capacity. These results indicate that the M. charantia can be suggested as a natural immunomodulator.KEYWORDS: pare fruit, Momordica charantia L., phagocytosis, macrophage, immunomodulator
Microbiological and Biochemical Contamination Analysis of Refilled Drinking-water in Abeli, Kendari, Southeast Sulawesi Juminten Saimin; Hartati Hartati; Yenti Purnamasari; Sufiah Asri Mulyawati; Tien Tien; Pranita Ayitrina
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Vol 12, No 2 (2020)
Publisher : The Prodia Education and Research Institute (PERI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18585/inabj.v12i2.871

Abstract

BACKGROUND: The access to safe drinkingwater is increasingly difficult, especially in water catchment or coastal areas. Due to the difficulty, people in coastal areas tend to consume ready-to-use refilled drinking-water. However, the sanitation facilities on most drinking-water refill depots do not meet the requirements, hence really prone to microbial contamination. We conducted this study to determine the types of bacteria causing the contamination of refilled drinking-water from refill depots in Abeli, a coastal area in Kendari.METHODS: Samples were collected from all 6 drinkingwater refill depots in Abeli. Three-series fermentation tubes were used for the microbiological test, including the presumptive, confirmative and completed tests. The biochemical test was performed with indole test, methyl red test, Voges-Proskauer test, and citrate utilization test (IMViC) methods and the triple sugar iron agar (TSIA) test.RESULTS: Among 6 refilled drinking-water samples, we found the growth of coliform bacterial colonies in 3 samples, exhibiting various characteristics. Based on the characteristics, both microbiological and biochemical, the identified bacteria were Proteus sp., Escherichia coli and Klebsiella oxytoca.CONCLUSION: Bacteria that contaminated refilled drinking-water in Abeli were Proteus sp., E. coli and K. oxytoca. Continuous supervision is required to ensure the quality of water from drinking-water refill depots.KEYWORDS: bacteria, Proteus sp., Escherichia coli, Klebsiella oxytoca, coastal areas, refilled drinking water
Vaginal Acidity Affects Vaginal Microbiota in Postmenopausal Women Juminten Saimin; Yenti Purnamasari; Sufiah Asri Mulyawati; Nur Indah Purnamasari; Arimaswati Arimaswati; Ferry Sandra
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Vol 14, No 2 (2022)
Publisher : The Prodia Education and Research Institute (PERI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18585/inabj.v14i2.1836

Abstract

BACKGROUND: The changes in vaginal acidity impact the composition of the vaginal microbiota, either commensal or pathogenic. After menopause, the vaginal tract is more susceptible to infection. Current study was conducted to analyze the effect of vaginal acidity changes on the vaginal microbiota composition in menopausal women.METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 32 subjects with vulvovaginal atrophy (VVA). Vaginal pH was measured using a strip with colorimetric examination. The detection of Candida sp. was done by using 10% potassium hydroxide. Meanwhile for detection of Trichomonas vaginalis, Gardnerella vaginalis, Lactobacillus iners, and Lactobacillus crispatus, polymerase chain reaction was performed. The data were statistically analyzed.RESULTS: G. vaginalis was the mostly found pathogenic microorganism in current study (40.63%), followed by Candida sp. (25%). Further analysis showed that G. vaginalis were found in L. crispatus positive samples for 9 cases and L. iners positive samples for 9 cases. Candida sp. had an increased risk at vaginal pH ≥6 (OR=8.273), T. vaginalis had a reduced risk at vaginal pH ≥6 (OR=0.765), G. vaginalis had an increased risk at vaginal pH ≥6 (OR=1.440), L. crispatus had an reduced risk at vaginal pH ≥6 (OR=0.077), while L. crispatus had an increased risk at vaginal pH ≥6 (OR=1.111).CONCLUSION: Vaginal acidity alterations in postmenopausal women affect either commensal or pathogenic microorganism composition. A decrease in the number of L. crispatus and an increase in the number of L. iners and pathogenic microorganisms is in line with the increase of pH.KEYWORDS: Lactobacillus, microbiota, menopause, pathogenic microorganisms, vaginal acidity