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Hardjianto, Mardi
Budi Luhur University
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Attendance System with Face Recognition Using K-Nearest Neighbor, Particle Swarm Optimization, and Histogram of Oriented Gradients Mardi Hardjianto; Agnes Aryasanti; Putri Hayati
Journal of Embedded Systems, Security and Intelligent Systems Vol 7 No 4 (2026): December 2026
Publisher : Program Studi Teknik Komputer

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59562/jessi.v7i4.15237

Abstract

Purpose – This study evaluates a contactless employee-attendance prototype designed to recognize faces using a camera near an entrance and register attendance without requiring employees to stop at a conventional device. Design/methods/approach – The prototype combined Histogram of Oriented Gradients (HOG) for facial feature representation, K-Nearest Neighbor (K-NN) for recognition, and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) for K-NN parameter optimization. The training set contained 180 facial images from 20 employees (nine images per employee). Evaluation used one image each from 27 participants, including 20 enrolled employees and seven individuals outside the enrollment set. Findings – Of the 27 test images, 25 produced the expected outcome, corresponding to 92.6% accuracy (TP = 18, FP = 0, FN = 2, TN = 7). Two enrolled employees were classified as unknown, while all seven unregistered participants were rejected. Recognition may be sensitive to illumination, pose, camera angle and image sharpness; the present test did not isolate these effects. Research implications/limitations – The small, single-image-per-participant test limits generalization, and the study does not report a direct K-NN versus PSO-optimized K-NN comparison. The prototype also responds to faces shown in photographs, indicating a presentation-attack vulnerability and a need for separate liveness evaluation. Originality/value – The work investigates the integration of established HOG, K-NN and PSO methods into an entrance-based attendance workflow. Its contribution is a prototype implementation and a bounded account of recognition outcomes and practical limitations rather than evidence of superiority over alternative classifiers or deployment-ready security.
Co-Authors Afdhal Rizki Yessa Agani, Nazori Agnes Aryasanti Ahmad Pudoli Alamsyah Nur Alif Ar-Rijalul Haq Aryasanti, Agnes Asep Wahyudi Zein Baehaqi Baihaqi, Kiki Ahmad Citra Fertia Anggraini Desmon Manalu, Perdinan Devit Setiono Dewi Kusumaningsih Dimas Ariyanto Dolly Virgian Shaka Yudha Sakti Dwi Achadiani Fadli Fairuz Ramadhan Farhannullah Farhannullah Fawwaz Dzakwan Febriani, Suci Indah Fiska Fadhilah Fiska Fadhilah Goenawan Brotosaputro Guntur Sarwo Trengginas Hasan Hasan Hibatul Azizi Imam Farisi Iman Permana Imelda Imelda Indah Puspasari Handayani Irawan Irawan Irwan Robi Prastomo Jan Everhard Riworuhi Jeremy Jonathan Joko Christian Chandra Juanita, Safitri Lis Suryadi Lukas Tommy M. Ainur Rony Mohammad Syafrullah Muh. Wildan Mauludy Muhamad Givari Ramadan Muhammad Dwi Nursansyah Muhammad Hikmat Fathur Rahman Nawiroh Vera Nazori AZ Noya, Muh. Mustafa Daniel Nugraha, Yogie Setiawan Nuri Wiyono Pradana, Rizky Pudoli, Ahmad Purwanto Purwanto Purwanto Purwanto Putra Panji Wicaksono Putra, Aldi Triavin Dwi Putri Hayati Putri, Aprilianti Ratna Kusumawardani Ratna Kusumawardani Ratna Ujiandari Ratna Ujiandari Rieska Prasetyani Riri Irawati Ririt Roeswidiah Ririt Roeswidiah Robby Ilhamkusuma Roeswidiah, Ririt Rosi Ulibasa Rulyana, Devita Safrina Amini Samsinar Samsinar Suwarno, Damar Bambang Syawalludin, Syawalludin Triyono, Gandung Umaimah Wahid Utomo Budiyanto Wahyu Pramusinto Wahyu Widadi Wendi Usino Winudhapratama, Savero