Qadir, Abdul
Departemen Agronomi Dan Hortikultura, Fakultas Pertanian, Institut Pertanian Bogor (Bogor Agricultural University), Jl. Meranti, Kampus IPB Dramaga, Bogor 16680, Indonesia

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Uji Tetrazolium pada Benih Kecipir (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus (L.) DC.) sebagai Tolok Ukur Viabilitas Lia Irma Fatmawati; Tatiek Kartika Suharsi; Abdul Qadir
Buletin Agrohorti Vol. 6 No. 2 (2018): Buletin Agrohorti
Publisher : Departemen Agronomi dan Hortikultura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (480.197 KB) | DOI: 10.29244/agrob.v6i2.19093

Abstract

Ketersediaan benih bermutu serta informasi mutu benih kecipir masih terbatas. Hal tersebut bisa diatasi melalui proses pengujian mutu benih. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah memperoleh prosedur perlakuan pra test yang sesuai untuk pengujian tetrazolium benih kecipir, memperoleh metode pengusangan yang sesuai untuk benih kecipir, memperoleh pola pewarnaan pada embrio sebagai indikasi tidak langsung untuk mendeteksi viabilitas benih kecipir. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Ilmu dan Teknologi Benih IPB pada bulan Agustus sampai Desember 2016. Percobaan pertama memperoleh waktu perendaman aquades yang efektif pada benih kecipir yaitu 24 jam, memperoleh konsentrasi tetrazolium yang efektif yaitu 0,3%, memperoleh waktu perendaman tetrazolium yang efektif yaitu dua jam. Percobaan kedua memperoleh metode pengusangan, yaitu pengusangan secara kimia dan dipilih 5 waktu penderaan yang menghasilkan viabilitas secara gradual yaitu 0x5, 2x5, 4x5, 6x5, dan 8x5 menit. Percobaan ketiga pola pewarnaan pada embrio benih kecipir belum bisa digunakan untuk mengevaluasi viabilitas benih kecipir karena diduga kriteria pola yang dibuat terlalu sempit.
Pertumbuhan dan Pembungaan Tanaman Koro Pedang (Canavalia ensiformis) pada Kondisi Ternaungi dan Kombinasi Pemupukan Berbeda Mutthiah Putri Saragih; Tatiek Kartika Suharsi; Abdul Qadir
Buletin Agrohorti Vol. 6 No. 3 (2018): Buletin Agrohorti
Publisher : Departemen Agronomi dan Hortikultura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (223.038 KB) | DOI: 10.29244/agrob.v6i3.21106

Abstract

Kebutuhan masyarakat yang tinggi terhadap kedelai, sedangkan produktivitas kedelai di Indonesia yang rendah, mengharuskan Indonesia mengimpor kedelai dalam jumlah besar. Beberapa komoditi yang berpotensi  menjadi pendamping  kedelai,  diantaranya  koro  pedang.  Kandungan  protein  yang tinggi  dan kemampuan tumbuh pada kondisi ternaungi menjadi segi positif dari koro pedang. Penelitian tentang tingkat naungan  yang  dapat  ditolerir  tanaman  koro  pedang  didukung  kombinasi  pempukan yang  baik,  perlu dilakukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari karakteristik pertumbuhan dan pembungaan tanaman koro pedang pada kondisi ternaungai dan mendapatkan informasi mengenai pemupukan terbaik. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Desa Purwasari, Dramaga, Bogor pada bulan Mei hingga November 2016. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan petak terbagi dengan tiga ulangan. Naungan sebagai petak utama yang terdiri dari tanpa naungan, naungan 10% dan naungan 20%. Kombinasi pemupukan sebagai anak petak terdiri dari urea 50 kg ha-1+SP-36 100 kg ha-1+KCl 75 kg ha-1, pupuk organik dan urea 25 kg ha-1+SP-36 50 kg ha-1 +KCl 37,5 kg ha-1+ pupuk organik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa naungan 10% menghasilkan tanaman dengan tinggi tanaman 18,35 cm dan 94,80 cm, jumlah daun trifoliate 11,75 helai, jumlah cabang 2,47 cabang, jumlah infloresen per tanaman 21,54 infloresen dan jumlah kuncup bunga per infloresen 1 kuncup bunga.  Pemupukan terbaik untuk tanaman koro pedang adalah 25 kg ha-1 urea + 50 kg ha-1 SP-36 + 37,5 kg ha-1 KCl + pupuk organik.
Pendugaan Vigor Daya Simpan Benih Kubis (Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata) Menggunakan Metode Pengusangan Cepat dengan Etanol Amalia Rosida; Maryati Sari; Abdul Qadir
Jurnal Hortikultura Indonesia Vol. 6 No. 3 (2015): Jurnal Hortikultura Indonesia
Publisher : Indonesian Society for Horticulture / Department of Agronomy and Horticulture

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (354.601 KB) | DOI: 10.29244/jhi.6.3.152-160

Abstract

ABSTRACTA method that can predict vigor of seed correlated to seed longevity is necessary for cabbage seed production. The objective of this study was to obtain effective soaking time in the chemically accelerated aging method with liquid ethanol 20%, that can estimate vigor correlated to seed longevity of cabbage. Cabbage seed consisted of 6 commercial seed lots with different initial vigor, i.e. G1, MG, GC, GT, B3, and KC. In the first experiment, the seeds were stored for 6 months in aluminum foil at open storage with temperature of 23.3-29.9 0C and 61-85% relative humidity. In the second experiment, rapid aging was done by soaking seeds in liquid ethanol 20% for 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes. The results showed that vigor index of ethanol soaking for 30 minutes in ethanol 20% had close correlation with germination of seed after storage for 6 months with a coefficient correlation r=0.92. Therefore, it could be used to predict vigor correlated to storability. Cabbage seed vigor after 6 months could be predicted by the equation y=3.338+1.054x, where x was variable vigor index after soaking seeds in ethanol 20% for 30 minutes, and a coefficient of determination R2=0.84.Keywords: deterioration, rapid aging, seed longevity, seed storage, viabilityABSTRAKMetode yang dapat menduga vigor daya simpan benih kubis sangat diperlukan untuk mendukung penyediaan benih kubis yang bermutu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan waktu perendaman yang efektif pada metode pengusangan cepat kimia dengan etanol 20%, yang dapat menduga vigor daya simpan benih kubis. Benih kubis yang digunakan terdiri atas 6 lot benih komersial, yaitu G1, MG, GC, GT, B3, dan KC dengan vigor awal yang berbeda. Percobaan pertama adalah penyimpanan benih dalam kemasan aluminium foil selama 1 sampai 6 bulan pada ruang simpan terbuka (suhu 23.3-29.9 0C dan RH 61-85%). Percobaan kedua adalah pengusangan dengan merendam benih dalam larutan etanol 20% selama 30, 60, 90, dan 120 menit. Hasil menunjukkan indeks vigor setelah perendaman dalam etanol selama 30 menit memiliki korelasi yang erat dengan daya berkecambah benih setelah disimpan selama enam bulan dengan koefisien korelasi sebesar 0.92, sehingga dapat digunakan untuk menduga vigor daya simpan. Vigor daya simpan benih kubis setelah penyimpanan selama enam bulan dapat diduga dengan persamaan y= 3.338 + 1.054x, dengan x peubah indeks vigor setelah perendaman etanol 20% selama 30 menit, dan koefisien determinasi (R2) sebesar 0.84.Kata kunci: kemunduran benih, pengusangan cepat, daya simpan benih, penyimpanan benih, viabilitas
Pola Penurunan Viabilitas dan Pengembangan Metode Pendugaan Vigor Daya Simpan Benih Pepaya (Carica Papaya L.) Astryani Rosyad; M. Rahmad Suhartanto; Abdul Qadir
Jurnal Hortikultura Indonesia Vol. 7 No. 3 (2016): Jurnal Hortikultura Indonesia
Publisher : Indonesian Society for Horticulture / Department of Agronomy and Horticulture

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (375.633 KB) | DOI: 10.29244/jhi.7.3.146-154

Abstract

ABSTRACTInformation of seed quality during storage can be determined through the actual storage and storability vigor estimation. This study aimed at comparing effective accelerated aging methodbetween physical and chemical, and studying the seed deterioration during storage in ambient (T =28-30 0C, RH=75-78%) and AC (T =18-20 0C, RH =51-60%) condition with three levels of initial moisture content (8-10%, 10-12%, and 12-14%) for 20 weeks. The final objective of this researchwas to develop model for storability vigor of papaya seed. Two experiments, accelerated aging and seed storage were conducted at Seed Laboratory, Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Bogor Agricultural University from October 2015 to May 2016. A completely randomized design with nested factors and four replications was applied to both experiments. The results showed that physical accelerated aging using IPB 77-1 MMM machine was more effective than chemical accelerated aging using IPB 77-1 MM machine for papaya seed. The viability of seed stored in AC condition remained high until the end of the storage period, whereas it declined at 16 week storage period in the ambient condition. The viability of seed with initial moisture content of 12-14% declined faster than that of initial moisture content of 8-10% after 18 week storage periode. The model used to estimate the storability vigor of papaya seed accurately was the equation y = a + b expcx where y : storability vigor estimation, x : aging time and a,b,c : constant value. Simulation of storability vigor estimation with constant value of a, b, c and input of aging time can estimate storability seed vigor in actual storage.Keywords: accelerated aging, IPB 77-1 MM machine, IPB 77-1 MMM machine, seed storage, simulationABSTRAKInformasi mutu benih selama penyimpanan dapat diketahui melalui penyimpanan secara aktual dan pendugaan vigor daya simpan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan metodepengusangan cepat yang efektif antara fisik dengan kimia serta mempelajari pola penurunan viabilitas benih selama penyimpanan aktual pada kondisi simpan kamar (suhu =28-30 0C, RH =75-78%) dan AC (suhu =18-20 0C, RH =51-60%) dengan tiga tingkat kadar air awal (8-10%, 10-12%, dan 12-14%) selama 20 minggu. Tujuan akhirnya adalah membangun model vigor daya simpan benih pepaya. Penelitian pengusangan cepat dan penyimpanan dilakukan pada bulan Oktober 2015 sampai Mei 2016 di Laboratorium Benih, Departemen Agronomi dan Hortikultura, Institut PertanianBogor. Kedua penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap tersarang dengan empat ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengusangan cepat secara fisik dengan alat IPB 77-1 MMM lebih efektif daripada pengusangan kimia dengan alat IPB 77-1 MM untuk benih pepaya. Viabilitas benih yang disimpan pada kondisi AC tetap tinggi hingga akhir periode simpan, sedangkan pada kondisi kamar penurunan viabilitas dimulai pada periode simpan 16 minggu. Benih yang disimpan dengan tingkat KA awal sebesar 12-14% lebih cepat mengalami penurunan viabilitas mulai periode simpan 18 minggu dibandingkan dengan benih dengan KA awal 8-10%. Hasil penelitian juga menunjukkan terdapat korelasi yang erat antara pola kemunduran benih pada pengusangan cepat dan penyimpanan aktual, sehingga model pendugaan vigor daya simpan (y) berdasarkan waktu pengusangan (x) dapat disusun dengan persamaan y = a + b expcx. Simulasi pendugaan vigor daya simpan dengan nilai konstanta a, b, dan c serta input waktu pengusangan dapat menduga vigor daya simpan benih selama penyimpanan aktual.Kata kunci: alat IPB 77-1 MM, alat IPB 77-1 MMM, pengusangan cepat, penyimpanan benih,simulasi
Metode Pengusangan Cepat dengan Larutan Etanol untuk Pengujian Vigor Daya Simpan Benih Caisin (Brassica rapa L. cv. grup Caisin) Aisa Amanah; Maryati Sari; Abdul Qadir
Jurnal Hortikultura Indonesia Vol. 7 No. 3 (2016): Jurnal Hortikultura Indonesia
Publisher : Indonesian Society for Horticulture / Department of Agronomy and Horticulture

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (359.537 KB) | DOI: 10.29244/jhi.7.3.165-175

Abstract

ABSTRACTThe objective of this study was to obtain effective duration in accelerated aging method with soaking the seed in 20% liquid ethanol which could estimate vigor related to storability of caisin seed during 3 and 6 months storage. There were five commercial caisin seed lots used in this study. The lots have different initial vigor. This research was conducted in two separate experiments. The first experiment was conducted to study deterioration of caisin seeds stored in aluminum foil pouches for 3 and 6 months at ambient room. The second experiment was conducted to study the effect of chemical aging duration, i.e 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, and 180 minutes moistened (12 hours imbibed) seed soaking in liquid ethanol 20%. Both of experiments were arranged in completely nested design. Germination of seeds after soaking in 20% liquid ethanol for 90 minutes was positively correlated with germination of seeds after storage for 3 and 6 months with coefficient of corellation = 0.87 and 0.88. Both coefficient of corellations were close to 1 which showed that the germination of seeds after accelerated ageing with soaking in 20% liquid ethanol could estimate seed vigor related to storability. Vigor related to storability of caisin seed after 3 months could be predicted by the equation y = 56.04+0.36x with the coefficient of determination 77.00%. While after 6 months it can be predicted by the equation y = 62.72+0.38x with the coefficient of determination 74.90%. Y variable indicates germination of caisin seed after storage while the x variable indicates germination of caisin seed after soaking in 20% liquid ethanol for 90 minutes.Key words: deterioration, devigoration, longevity, seed storage, viabilityABSTRAKPenelitian ini dilakukan untuk mendapatkan waktu perendaman ke dalam etanol 20% yang tepat pada metode pengusangan cepat kimia yang dapat menduga vigor daya simpan benih caisin setelah penyimpanan 3 dan 6 bulan. Benih yang digunakan berasal dari lima lot benih komersial dengan vigor awal yang berbeda. Penelitian terdiri atas 2 percobaan terpisah. Percobaan 1 adalah penyimpanan benih caisin dalam kemasan aluminium foil selama 3 dan 6 bulan pada ruang suhu kamar. Percobaan 2 yaitu pengusangan cepat kimia dengan merendam benih caisin yang telah dilembabkan selama 12 jam ke dalam larutan etanol 20% selama 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, dan 180 menit. Kedua percobaan menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap tersarang. Daya berkecambah benih setelah pengusangan melalui perendaman etanol 20% selama 90 menit berkorelasi positif dengan daya berkecambah benih setelah penyimpanan selama 3 dan 6 bulan. Nilai koefisien korelasi pada 3 dan 6 bulan setelah simpan adalah 0.87 dan 0.88. Kedua koefisien korelasi tersebut mendekati 1 yang menunjukkan bahwa daya berkecambah benih setelah pengusangan cepat dengan etanol 20% dapat menduga vigor daya simpan. Vigor daya simpan benih caisin setelah 3 bulan simpan dapat diduga dengan persamaan y = 62.72+0.38x dengan nilai koefisien determinasi sebesar 77.00%, sementara setelah 6 bulan dapat diduga dengan persamaan y = 56.04+0.36x dengan nilai koefisien determinasi sebesar 74.90%. Peubah y menunjukkan daya berkecambah setelah penyimpanan sedangkan x menunjukkan daya berkecambah setelah pengusangan melalui perendaman etanol 20% selama 90 menit.Kata kunci: daya simpan, deteriorasi, devigorasi, penyimpanan benih, viabilitas
Ultrafine Bubbles Technology for Breaking Dormancy of Sandalwood Seeds (Santalum album L. Juliana Maia; Abdul Qadir; Eny Widajati; Yohannes Aris Purwanto
Jurnal Perbenihan Tanaman Hutan Vol 9, No 1 (2021): Jurnal Perbenihan Tanaman Hutan
Publisher : Forest Tree Seed Technology Research & Development Center (FTSTRDC)/ Balai Penelitian dan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/bptpth.2021.9.1.26-41

Abstract

Sandalwood seed has two types of dormancy, namely physical dormancy and physiological dormancy which is a combination of the Two-part is called morphophysiological dormancy. There is for breaks dormancy in sandalwood for earlier embryo maturation and elongation also it has hard and impermeable skin. Its structure consists of layers of thick-walled palisade-like cells especially on the outermost surface and the inside has a waxy coating and curse material.  The objective of this study was to break of seed dormancy with technology Ultrafine Bubbles (UFB) on the morphophysiological dormancy on sandalwood seeds. The experiments used a randomized complete block designed (RCBD) with 3 replications. The data were analyzed using ANOVA and will be continued using the DMRT test at the 5% level. The research was conducted from February - March 0f 2020. The results showed that immersion using UFB water with oxygen 20 ppm or either UFB free oxygen for 24 and 48 hours combined with physical scarification and chemical scarification could accelerate germination in 13 days after germination (appeared radicle), percentage of growth speed (GS) is 4.67%, maximum growth (MG) in 21 days after sowing is 66.67% with normal sprouts 2-4 leaves have grown.
Pertumbuhan dan Keragaan Tanaman Jeruk Keprok Borneo Prima pada Dosis Pupuk dan Bentuk Pangkas Berbeda Tiara Septirosya; Roedhy Poerwanto; Abdul Qadir
Jurnal Agroteknologi Vol 7, No 2 (2017): Februari 2017
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Sultan Syarif Kasim Riau

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24014/ja.v7i2.2579

Abstract

Borneo Prima Mandarin (Citrus reticulata cv Borneo Prima) is a new local commodity that grown in lowland but has an interesting orange skin. As a new commodity, Borneo Prima Mandarin has to be developed in order to reduce citrus import. The research was conducted in lowland area (250 m above sea level) IPB research station, Sindang Barang, Bogor from February 2014 to February 2015. The aim of this research was to observe the effect of phosphorus and potassium (PK) fertilizer and pruning on the growth and performance of the plants. This research used Randomize Complete Block Design (RCBD) with two factors. The first factor was aplication of PK fertilizer (15 g P+ 10 g K, 15 g P+ 15 g K, 20 g P+10 g K, 20 g P+15 g K per plant) and the second factor was pruning form (without pruning, open center pruning and hedge pruning). The result showed that the combination of phosporus and potassium fertilizer just gave a significant effect to number of shoot. The highest number of new shoots formed by fertilizing 15 g P+10 g K per tree per application. Pruning treatments had significant effect to plant architecture (i.e reduce plant height, land occupation). Open center pruning and hedge pruning made the crown more open that can increase the light interception so that increase the rate of photosynthesis.
Pengemasan Tepat Guna pada Benih Kedelai (Glycine max L. Merr) Selama Penyimpanan: Analisis konsepsi Steinbauer-Sadjad periode 3 Nasrullah; Memen Surahman; Abdul Qadir
Agriprima : Journal of Applied Agricultural Sciences Vol 5 No 2 (2021): SEPTEMBER
Publisher : Politeknik Negeri Jember

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25047/agriprima.v5i2.416

Abstract

Benih kedelai memiliki daya simpan yang rendah karena penurunan kualitas benih selama penyimpanan berlangsung lebih cepat dibandingkan benih tanaman lain. Kedelai setelah dipanen akan mengalami penurunan benih baik secara kualitatif maupun karena beberapa faktor eksternal. Pengadaan benih sering dilakukan beberapa saat sebelum musim tanam sehingga benih harus disimpan dengan baik agar memiliki daya tumbuh yang tinggi saat ditanam kembali. Pengemasan benih merupakan tindakan penyediaan lingkungan mikro yang optimal agar benih tidak dipengaruhi oleh faktor lingkungan selama penyimpanan. Penyimpanan benih kedelai dilakukan di Gudang Pusat Perbenihan, Leuwikopo IPB mulai April 2018 hingga Juli 2018. Penelitian ini mempelajari pengaruh jenis kemasan dalam mempertahankan umur simpan benih selama penyimpanan. Jenis kemasan tidak berpengaruh terhadap perkecambahan benih dan kadar air, tetapi berpengaruh terhadap potensi tumbuh maksimal dan bobot kering kecambah normal, menggunakan benih yang dikemas menggunakan jerigen plastik dan plastik kedap udara memiliki potensi tumbuh maksimal yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan kertas semen. dan kantong plastik selama umur simpan 4 bulan. Benih yang disimpan selama 1 tahun dalam 4 kemasan mengalami penurunan viabilitas yang drastis, meskipun disimpan pada suhu 17-19° C dan RH 53-55%.
ESTIMATION OF SOYBEAN SEED (Glycine max L. Merr) DETERIORATION DURING STORAGE Irma Noviana; IGP Alit Diratmaja; Abdul Qadir; Faiza C Suwarno
Agros Journal of Agriculture Science Vol 19, No 1 (2017): Edisi Januari
Publisher : Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Janabadra

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (587.424 KB)

Abstract

Soybean seeds able to degradation during storage. The aims of study were to studying the behavior and deterioration of soybean seed and to predict seed viability during storage in controlled conditions. The experiment used completely randomized design with two levels of variety which nested in storage period with four replications. Two varieties were Dering-1 and Detam 2 that storage in controlled condition at temperature of 19 up to 22 °C and 64 up to 67 percent of relative humidity for six months. The seeds were evaluated for moisture content, protein, peroxide value, electrical conductivity and seed viability. During the deterioration the moisture content, peroxide, electrical conductivity increased while protein content and germination declined. Deterioration model of soybeans can be used to predict the decline of soybean seeds during the controlled storage
Fertilization and pruning improve vegetative growth and architecture of tropical lowland Borneo Prima Mandarin citrus Tiara Septirosya; Roedhy Poerwanto; Abdul Qadir
JERAMI : Indonesian Journal of Crop Science Vol 4 No 2 (2022): JIJCS
Publisher : Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Andalas University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/jijcs.4.2.44-51.2022

Abstract

Vegetative growth of citrus can be increased through a combination of fertilization and pruning. Borneo Prima Mandarin (Citrus reticulata cv Borneo Prima) is a superior local commodity that is grown in lowlands. It has an interesting orange skin, while normally the tropical lowland citrus has a green skin colour. As a new commodity, Borneo Prima Mandarin has to be developed in order to increase production and improve quality. There is no specific cultural practices, so it needs to be developed, especially on fertilizing and pruning. The first experiment aims to observe the plant growth and architecture of plants grown in the orchard. The first factor was the nitrogen fertilization rate (0, 20, 40, 60 g N per tree per application) and the second was pruning (without pruning, open center pruning, hedge pruning). In the second experiment, the plants were applied with the same factors of experiment 1, but were grown on a root observation chamber sized 40 x 20 x 60 cm (length x width x height) which aims to observe the shoot root’s growth and the plant’s biomass. Nitrogen fertilizer had a significant effect to the growth of the Borneo Prima Mandarin, i.e number of shoots and leaves. Twenty grams of nitrogen fertilizer per aplication was efficient to produce new shoots and leaves. Pruning treatments had significant effects towards the plant architecture (i.e reducing plant height, canopy shade projection and canopy length). Open center pruning and hedge pruning made the crown more open which increased the light interception. The shoot grew rapidly two weeks after fertilizing and also pruning. While the root grew rapidly after shoot dormancy.