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The Risk of Sulfur Dioxide Exposure and Its Correlation with the Incidence of Hypertension in Street Sweepers In Samarinda City Rachmawati, Ayudhia; Safika, Erri Larene; Syamsir, Syamsir
Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan Indonesia Vol 24, No 2 (2025): Juni 2025
Publisher : Master Program of Environmental Health, Faculty of Public Health, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jkli.68159

Abstract

Latar belakang: Emisi gas buang kendaraan bermotor merupakan sumber pencemaran udara yang paling signifikan, terutama di wilayah perkotaan. SO2 merupakan salah satu polutan yang dihasilkan oleh emisi gas buang kendaraan bermotor. Kota Samarinda terkenal dengan pesatnya peningkatan jumlah kendaraan pribadi, terutama kendaraan berbahan bakar fosil, yang berpotensi meningkatkan konsentrasi SO2 dan dapat berdampak pada kesehatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui risiko paparan konsentrasi SO2 pada penyapu jalan dan hubungan antara kejadian hipertensi dengan asupan SO2.Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan penilaian risiko kesehatan lingkungan. Pendekatan EHRA akan memperkirakan risiko yang diterima oleh penyapu jalan akibat paparan SO2 di jalan raya Kota Samarinda. Populasi dalam penelitian ini mencakup seluruh pekerja penyapu jalan yang bertugas pada empat lokasi jalan raya yang telah ditentukan. Sampel penelitian berjumlah 61 orang dan diperoleh melalui teknik total sampling. Teknik pengukuran konsentrasi SO2 menggunakan impinger dengan analisis spektrofotometer. Tekanan darah diukur secara real-time. Uji chi-square digunakan untuk menunjukkan perbedaan proporsi antara variabel asupan dan hipertensi.Hasil: Konsentrasi SO2 masih di bawah batas baku mutu lingkungan yang dipersyaratkan (< 150 mg/Nm3) yakni 18,18 mg/Nm3. Hasil uji chi-square menunjukkan tidak ada perbedaan proporsi kejadian hipertensi dengan asupan SO2 (nilai p = 1.000). Akan tetapi, pekerja dengan asupan SO2 >0,0012 mg/kg/hari memiliki peluang lebih besar untuk mengalami hipertensi dibandingkan penyapu jalan dengan asupan >0,0012 mg/kg/hari (OR = 1,111).Simpulan: Kualitas udara di jalan raya Kota Samarinda masih tergolong aman dan sehat, terutama pada parameter sulfur dioksida. Petugas penyapu jalan tidak berisiko mengalami gangguan kesehatan khususnya kejadian hipertensi. ABSTRACT Background: Vehicle exhaust emissions are the most significant source of air pollution, especially in urban areas. SO2 is one of the pollutants produced by car exhaust emissions. The number of private vehicles, especially fossil fuel vehicles, is increasing rapidly in Samarinda City. These vehicles have the potential to increase SO2 concentrations and can have an adverse on health. This study aims to determine the risk of exposure to SO2 concentrations among street sweepers and the relationship between the incidence of hypertension and SO2 intake.Methods: This study used an environmental health risk assessment approach. The EHRA approach estimated the risk faced by street sweepers due to exposure to SO2 in Samarinda City highways.  This study’s population consisted of all street sweepers working at four specified roadways.  The sample, comprising 61 participants, was selected using a to tal sampling technique. The SO2 concentration measurement technique involved an impinger with spectrophotometer analysis. Blood pressure was measured in real-time. The chi-square test was used to show differences in proportions between intake and hypertension variables.Results: The SO2 concentration, measured at 18.18 mg/Nm3, was found to be below the required environmental quality standard limit (< 150 mg/Nm3). The results of the chi-square test showed no difference in the proportion of hypertension incidents with SO2 intake (p-value = 1,000). However, workers with SO2 intake of >0.0012 mg/kg/day showed a higher likelihood of developing hypertension than street sweepers with an intake of >0.0012 mg/kg/day (OR = 1.111).Conclusion: The air quality in the highways of Samarinda City is deemed safe, especially in terms of the sulfur dioxide parameter. Street sweepers are not at risk of experiencing health problems.
Hubungan Asupan Zat Besi, Protein dan Kebiasaan Melewatkan Makan dengan Kejadian Anemia pada Remaja Putri di SMP Negeri 16 Samarinda Awalinda, Sri Shinta; Safika, Erri Larene; Wahyuni, Leny Eka Tyas; Ismail , Ismail; Afiah, Nurul
PHARMADEMICA : Jurnal Kefarmasian dan Gizi Vol 5 No 1 (2025): April - September
Publisher : LPPM-KI - POLTEKKES PIM (Formerly AKAFARMA-AKFAR PIM

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.54445/pharmademica.v5i1.85

Abstract

Anemia was a condition characterized by a small number of red blood cells and was commonly experienced by adolescent girls due to menstruation and increased nutritional needs during growth. In 2023, the highest number of anemia cases in the working area of Puskesmas Loa Bakung, Samarinda, was found among female students of SMP Negeri 16 Samarinda, with a prevalence of 25% out of 190 cases. The purpose of this study was to analyze the association between iron intake, protein intake, and the habit of skipping meals with the incidence of anemia among female students at SMP Negeri 16 Samarinda. A cross-sectional design was used for this study. As much as 72 respondents were selected with purposive sampling. Data for this study was collected through haemoglobin (Hb) testing, interviews using the SQ-FFQ questionnaire and a meal-skipping questionnaire. A total of 37 (51.4%) female students suffered from anemia, 56 (77.8%) female students consumed adequate protein intake, and 67 (93.1%) female students had insufficient daily iron intake. As much as 55 (76.4%) female students did not regularly eat breakfast. Statistical analysis showed a significant relationship between iron intake (p=0.023), protein intake (p=0.010), and the habit of skipping breakfast (p=0.038) with anemia. However, this study didn’t find any association between skipping lunch (p=0.207) or dinner (p=0.658) with anemia. It was necessary to raise awareness among adolescent girls about the importance of breakfast and consuming nutritious foods, especially those rich in iron and protein to prevent anemia and support healthy development during adolescence.
Young children nutritional status in Samarinda: does exclusive breastfeeding play a role in stunting prevention? Safika, Erri Larene; Rachmawati, Ayudhia; Pakki, Irfansyah Baharuddin
BKM Public Health and Community Medicine Vol 39 No 01 (2023)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/bkm.v39i01.6070

Abstract

Purpose: This study investigated the relationship between exclusive breastfeeding and stunting incidence in young children aged 0-59 months. Method: This is an observational study with a cross-sectional approach. There were 100 mothers with young children aged 0-59 months as respondents from Palaran, Samarinda. The dependent variable was children's height-for-age nutritional status, as in normal or stunting, and the independent variable was exclusive breastfeeding. Young children's height was collected by checking their Maternal and Child Health (KIA) book. Parity, family income, mother's education, mother's knowledge, and family support information were also collected by interview. Bivariate analysis was measured with the Chi-square test. Results: There is no association between exclusive breastfeeding and stunting (p-value>0.05). We also found no association between stunting and parity, family income, mother's knowledge, and family support (p-value<0.05). However, we found a significant relationship between stunting and mother education. Conclusion: Exclusive breastfeeding is not associated with stunting in Palaran, Samarinda. Further research is needed to determine the factors associated with stunting in Samarinda.
Program Pemberdayaan Remaja SMA Negeri 9 Berau dalam Pencegahan Anemia melalui Kampanye Gizi Seimbang di Wilayah Pesisir Anshory, Jamil; Khuzaimah, Ummi; Aryatika, Karera; Majiding, Chaidir Masyhuri; Saputri G, Riska Mayang; Ash Siddiq, Muhammad Nuzul Azhim; Kawareng, Andi Tenri; Wirawanti, Ika Wirya; Safika, Erri Larene; Iriyani. K, Iriyani. K; Rozi , Fahrul
Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Nusantara Vol 5 No 1 (2025): Desember 2025
Publisher : Universitas Nusantara PGRI Kediri

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29407/dimastara.v5i1.27335

Abstract

Remaja merupakan kelompok usia yang rentan terhadap masalah gizi, terutama anemia defisiensi zat besi, yang dapat menurunkan konsentrasi belajar, daya tahan tubuh, dan prestasi akademik. Di wilayah pesisir Kabupaten Berau, pola konsumsi remaja cenderung rendah zat besi meskipun tersedia sumber pangan lokal yang kaya gizi. Kegiatan pengabdian ini bertujuan meningkatkan pengetahuan gizi dan kesadaran pencegahan anemia melalui program pemberdayaan remaja di SMA Negeri 9 Berau. Pelaksanaan dilakukan pada tanggal 27 November 2024 dengan pendekatan edukasi partisipatif berbasis sekolah. Metode mencakup pretest pengetahuan, penyuluhan interaktif mengenai gizi seimbang dan pangan lokal kaya zat besi, pemeriksaan kadar hemoglobin, serta posttest pengetahuan. Hasil menunjukkan peningkatan rata-rata skor pengetahuan siswa sebesar 58,2 persen dan mayoritas memperoleh nilai posttest tinggi. Pemeriksaan hemoglobin mengungkapkan 51,1 persen siswa mengalami anemia, lebih tinggi pada perempuan dibanding laki-laki. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa edukasi partisipatif efektif meningkatkan literasi gizi remaja, namun perubahan perilaku makan membutuhkan intervensi berkelanjutan. Program ini penting untuk membangun perilaku hidup sehat dan mendukung penurunan prevalensi anemia pada remaja di wilayah pesisir.
Nutritional and Health Status of Adolescents and their Determinants in the Coastal Areas of Maratua Subdistrict, Berau Regency, East Kalimantan, Indonesia Anshory, Jamil; Iriyani, Iriyani; Safika, Erri Larene; Wirayanti, Ika Wirya; Kawerang, Andi Tenri; Azhim Ash Siddiq, Muhammad Nuzul; Saputri, Riska Mayang
Journal of Public Health for Tropical and Coastal Region Vol 8, No 3 (2025): Journal of Public Health for Tropical and Coastal Region
Publisher : Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jphtcr.v8i3.29303

Abstract

Introduction: Adolescence is a critical period of growth marked by increased nutritional needs and heightened susceptibility to health problems. This study aimed to analyze the nutritional and health status of adolescents and their determinants.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 47 tenth-grade students at SMAN 9 Berau, recruited through total sampling method. The data collected included anthropometry, blood pressure, hemoglobin levels, and urine tests. Behavioral and psychological factors were assessed using standardized questionnaires: nutrition knowledge, dietary intake (1×24-hour recall and food frequency), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, screen time, and the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale. Data were analyzed descriptively and using chi-square tests.Results: Most adolescents had a normal nutritional status (78%); however, a dual burden of malnutrition persisted, with undernutrition and overweight or obesity affecting over one-fifth of the participants. Dehydration was highly prevalent (89%) and was accompanied by significant cardiometabolic risks, including prehypertension (32%) and chronic energy deficiency risk (38%). Although the overall energy intake was adequate, the insufficient intake of key micronutrients, particularly protein, iron, and folate, remained common. Behavioral and psychosocial vulnerabilities were also prominent, with excessive screen time, poor sleep quality, and notable levels of stress and depression reported by more than half of the respondents. BMI-for-age was significantly associated with blood pressure, chronic energy deficiency risk, and nutritional knowledge (p < 0.05).Conclusion: Despite a predominantly normal nutritional status, adolescents remain at risk of  the double burden of malnutrition, anemia, and micronutrient deficiencies. Strengthening school-based nutrition programs, including regular health screening, practical nutrition education, and improved access to micronutrient support through fortified foods or supplements, is essential for preventing long-term health problems.
Faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan Kejadian Hipertensi pada Penyapu Jalan di Kota Samarinda: Factors Associated with Hypertension among Street Sweepers in Samarinda City Erri Larene Safika; Ayudhia Rachmawati; Syamsir Syamsir; Anitatia Ratna Megasari
Integrated Nutrition Journal Vol. 1 No. 1 (2025): Integr. Nutr. J.
Publisher : Program Studi Gizi, Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat, Universitas Mulawarman, Samarinda, Kalimantan Timur, Indonesia. Alamat: Jl. Sambaliung Kampus Gunung Kelua Samarinda 75123, Kalimantan Timur, Indonesia.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30872/sbbvbp95

Abstract

Latar Belakang: Hipertensi merupakan salah satu penyakit tidak menular (PTM) yang menjadi penyebab utama morbiditas dan mortalitas di dunia. Aktivitas fisik diketahui sebagai faktor protektif terhadap hipertensi, namun hal tersebut belum tentu sepenuhnya melindungi kelompok pekerja fisik seperti penyapu jalan. Di Kota Samarinda, penyapu jalan berperan penting dalam menjaga kebersihan lingkungan, namun kondisi kesehatan mereka sering kali terabaikan. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan hipertensi pada penyapu jalan. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional dengan desain cross-sectional. Subjek penelitian ini adalah 48 penyapu jalan di Kota Samarinda yang dipilih menggunakan total dan purposive sampling. Variabel yang diukur antara lain kejadian hipertensi, jenis kelamin, lingkar pinggang, rasio lingkar pinggang-pinggul, kebiasaan merokok, dan asupan zat gizi (energi, protein, lemak, karbohidrat, serat, natrium). Analisis bivariat dilakukan dengan Uji Chi Square. Hasil: Sebanyak 68,7% responden mengalami hipertensi, dan seluruh responden laki-laki mengalami hipertensi. Terdapat hubungan antara kejadian hipertensi dengan jenis kelamin (p=0,044) dan asupan protein (p=0,034), namun tidak dengan lingkar pinggang, rasio lingkar pinggang-pinggul, kebiasaan merokok, dan asupan energi, lemak, karbohidrat, serat, dan natrium. Kesimpulan: Penyapu jalan perlu menjadi sasaran untuk program pencegahan dan penanggulangan hipertensi.
Effect of Arrowroot Cookies with Porang (Amorphophallus Oncophyllus) Glucomannan Addition on Atherogenic Index of Plasma In Type 2 Diabetes Erri Larene Safika; Lily Arsanty Lestari; Vita Yanti Anggraeni; Eni Harmayani; Leny Eka Tyas Wahyuni
Mulawarman International Conference on Tropical Public Health Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): The 4th MICTOPH
Publisher : Faculty of Public Health Mulawarman University, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

Background : Type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients are at risk of developing cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Arrowroot cookies with porang glucomannan which are rich in dietary fiber may be able to reduce CVD risk in T2D patients. Objective : This study aimed to evaluate the effect of cookies consumption for 8 weeks on the atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) of T2D patients. Research Methods/ Implementation Methods : As many as 24 T2D subjects were recruited from primary health centers in Yogyakarta. The control group (n=12) was given nutrition education, and the intervention group (n=12) was given nutrition education and 5 pieces of cookies (65 grams) as daily snacks for 8 weeks. AIP [log(TG/HDL-C)], anthropometry, and food intake were measured before (week 0) and after (weeks 8) the study. Results : There was a decrease in AIP in the intervention group from 0.189 to 0.164 (medium-risk of CVD), although it wasn’t significant (p>0.05). On the contrary, the AIP level in the control group increased from 0.075 (low-risk of CVD) to 0.111 (medium-risk of CVD). The AIP changes between groups were not significantly different (p>0.05). There were no changes in anthropometry measures in both groups after the study (p>0.05). We found an increase in dietary fiber intake in both groups (p<0.05), however, it was not significantly different between groups (p>0.05). Conclusion/Lesson Learned : Consumption of 65g arrowroot cookies with porang glucomannan addition for 8 weeks did not significantly affect the AIP in T2D patients. However, it could maintain the AIP level in the intervention group in the medium-risk category and may serve as safe snacks for T2D patients.
Comparative study of vitamin c content in rome Beauty apples (malus sylvestris mill) with several Processing methods Leny Eka Tyas Wahyuni; Leily Amalia Furkon; Erri Larene Safika; Nur Rezky Khairun Nisaa
Mulawarman International Conference on Tropical Public Health Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): The 4th MICTOPH
Publisher : Faculty of Public Health Mulawarman University, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

Background : Apples are known to contain antioxidants and vitamin C, which play important roles in protecting the body from oxidative stress and degenerative diseases. However, vitamin C is sensitive to heat, light, and oxygen, which can lead to degradation during processing. Objective : This study aimed to compare the vitamin C content of Rome Beauty apple (Malus sylvestris Mill) in various processed forms commonly consumed by the public, including fresh apple, apple juice, cider, dodol, and apple chips. Research Methods/ Implementation Methods : The research was conducted using a titrimetric method with 2,6-dichlorophenol-indophenol dye to determine vitamin C content. Five samples were analyzed in duplicate. The data were statistically tested using the Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney tests to evaluate differences among samples. Results : The vitamin C content ranged from 2.85 to 12.36 mg/100 g. The highest content was found in fresh apples (12.36 mg/100 g), followed by apple juice (6.41 mg/100 g), apple extract (5.23 mg/100 g), apple dodol (2.85 mg/100 g), and apple chips (2.85 mg/100 g). Statistical analysis showed significant differences (p < 0.05) among the samples, particularly between fresh or juiced apples and processed forms such as dodol and chips. Conclusion/Lesson Learned : Processing significantly reduces the vitamin C content of Rome Beauty apples. Heat treatment, oxidation, and exposure to air during processing are the major factors contributing to vitamin C loss. Therefore, consuming fresh apples provides the greatest nutritional benefit in terms of vitamin C intake.
EFFECT OF ARROWROOT cOOKIES WITH PORANG (Amorphophallus oncophyllus) GLUCOMANNAN ADDITION ON ATHEROGENIC INDEX OF PLASMA IN TYPE 2 DIABETes Erri Larene Safika; Vita Yanti Anggraeni; Eni Harmayani; Lily Arsanti Lestari; Leny Eka Tyas Wahyuni
Mulawarman International Conference on Tropical Public Health Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): The 4th MICTOPH
Publisher : Faculty of Public Health Mulawarman University, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30872/mictoph.v2i2.4466

Abstract

Background and aims: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients are at risk of developing cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Arrowroot cookies with porang glucomannan which are rich in dietary fiber may be able to reduce CVD risk in T2D patients. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of cookies consumption for 8 weeks on the atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) of T2D patients. Material and method: As many as 24 T2D subjects were recruited from primary health centers in Yogyakarta. The control group (n=12) was given nutrition education, and the intervention group (n=12) was given nutrition education and 5 pieces of cookies (65 grams) as snacks for 8 weeks. AIP [log(TG/HDL-C)], anthropometry, and food intake were measured before (week 0) and after (weeks 8) the study. Results: There was a decrease in AIP in the intervention group from 0.189 to 0.164 (medium-risk of CVD), although it wasn’t significant (p>0.05). On the contrary, the AIP level in the control group increased from 0.075 (low-risk of CVD) to 0.111 (medium-risk of CVD). The AIP changes between groups were not significantly different (p>0.05). There were no changes in anthropometry measures in both groups after the study (p>0.05). We found an increase in dietary fiber intake in both groups (p<0.05), however, it was not significantly different between groups (p>0.05). Conclusions: Consumption of 65g arrowroot cookies with porang glucomannan addition for 8 weeks did not significantly affect the AIP in T2D patients. However, it could maintain the AIP level in the intervention group in the medium-risk category.
Determinants of Exclusive Breastfeeding Among Mothers with Infants Aged 6–24 Months: Exclusive Breastfeeding Among Mothers with Infants Aged 6–24 Months Ratih Wirapuspita Wisnuwardani; Siti Nur Aini; Ismail Kamba; Reny Noviasty; Erri Larene Safika
Jurnal Ilmu Gizi : Journal of Nutrition Science Vol. 15 No. 2 (2026): Jurnal Ilmu Gizi : Journal of Nutrition Science
Publisher : Poltekkes Kemenkes Denpasar dan DPD PERSAGI Bali

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Abstract

Background : Exclusive breastfeeding during the first six months of life is essential for optimal infant growth, development, and disease prevention. However, the coverage of exclusive breastfeeding remains below national and regional targets in many areas of Indonesia Objective : This study aimed to analyze the determinants of exclusive breastfeeding among mothers with infants aged 6–24 months in the working area of Puskesmas Waru, Penajam Paser Utara Regency, East Kalimantan Province. Methods : An observational analytic study with a cross-sectional design was conducted among 122 mothers selected using simple random sampling from a population of 345 mothers. Data were collected using structured questionnaires measuring maternal knowledge, maternal attitude, early initiation of breastfeeding (IMD), maternal occupation, family support, health worker support, and exclusive breastfeeding practices. Data were analyzed using Chi-square tests with a significance level of α = 0.05. Results : The results showed that 44.3% of mothers practiced exclusive breastfeeding, while 55.7% did not. Maternal knowledge (p = 0.000), maternal attitude (p = 0.000), and family support (p = 0.000) were significantly associated with exclusive breastfeeding. In contrast, maternal occupation (p = 0.875) and health worker support (p = 0.083) were not significantly associated with exclusive breastfeeding Conclusions : These findings indicate that behavioral and social factors play important roles in influencing exclusive breastfeeding practices. Strengthening health promotion programs that improve maternal knowledge, foster positive breastfeeding attitudes, and enhance family involvement is essential to increase exclusive breastfeeding coverage.