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Jurnal Farmasi Galenika (Galenika Journal of Pharmacy)
Published by Universitas Tadulako
ISSN : 24427284     EISSN : 24428744     DOI : https://doi.org/10.22487/j24428744
Core Subject : Health, Science,
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemistry Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology
Jurnal Farmasi Galenika (Galenika Journal of Pharmacy) (E-ISSN: 2442-8744) (p-ISSN: 2442-7284), is an open access journal (print and e-journal) focusing on the scientific works in the field of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science. The articles of this journal are published every six months, that is March and October (2 issues per year). This journal is developed by Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Tadulako University and has been identified in Crossref with the DOI Number : 10.22487/j24428744. Jurnal Farmasi Galenika (Galenika Journal of Pharmacy) has been accredited by Kemenristekdikti as Sinta 3 starting from Volume 5 No 1 2019.
Arjuna Subject : Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics - Ilmu Farmasi
Articles 241 Documents
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Effect of Mutation of RNA-dependent RNA Polymerase (RdRp) of Hepatitis C Virus on Affinities of Dasabuvir: Computational Study: Pengaruh Mutasi RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) pada Virus Hepatitis C terhadap Afinitas Dasabuvir: Kajian Komputasi Arba, Muhammad; Wahyudi, Setyanto Tri
Jurnal Farmasi Galenika (Galenika Journal of Pharmacy) (e-Journal) Vol. 10 No. 1 (2024): (March 2024)
Publisher : Universitas Tadulako

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22487/j24428744.2024.v10.i1.16613

Abstract

Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) is one of the infectious diseases that has posed a serious threat to global public health for the past few decades. HCV is an RNA virus that infects the human liver and can lead to chronic liver damage, cirrhosis, and even liver cancer. Treatment for HCV infection has made rapid advancements in recent years, particularly with the development of more effective antiviral drugs. One of the drugs used in HCV therapy is dasabuvir. Dasabuvir is an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) inhibitor that functions to inhibit the replication of the HCV virus. The RdRp enzyme in HCV is represented by NS5B, and dasabuvir specifically targets this enzyme. Several reports have revealed mutations in HCV NS5B due to the use of dasabuvir. This study conducted a computational mutation analysis on NS5B of HCV resulting from dasabuvir usage. The research findings indicate that mutations in the HCV polymerase induced by dasabuvir usage lead to changes in dasabuvir's conformation and binding energy. Some mutations decrease binding energy, such as mutations C316N, C451S, and N411S. However, on the other hand, there are mutations that increase binding energy, such as M414V, A553V, and C445F. The decrease in binding energy is supported by increased hydrogen bonding interactions with Asp318, Gln446, and Tyr448, as well as the formation of new hydrogen bonds, such as hydrogen bonding with Ser288 in C451S and Arg200 in C451S. Meanwhile, the increase in binding energy is supported by decreased binding interactions with Asp318 and pi-pi interactions with Phe193. Hydrogen bonding with Asn291 also decreases, as seen in A553V, and is even lost in C445F. Future work will be devoted for designing new dasabuvir derivatives which having better affinited to NS5B of HCV.
Evaluation of Anti-diabetic Drugs using ATC/DDD and DU90% Methods in Diabetes Mellitus Patients: Evaluasi Obat Antidiabetik menggunakan Metode ATC/DDD dan DU90% pada Pasien Diabetes Melitus Hendra, Godeliva Adriani; Nugraha, Dhanang Prawira; Krisdia, Tuswatul Anggi
Jurnal Farmasi Galenika (Galenika Journal of Pharmacy) (e-Journal) Vol. 10 No. 1 (2024): (March 2024)
Publisher : Universitas Tadulako

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22487/j24428744.2024.v10.i1.16624

Abstract

Background: Diabetes Mellitus (DM), which results from insulin resistance, is closely linked to long-term damage to pancreatic beta cells, organ dysfunction, and organ failure, particularly in the eyes, kidneys, nerves, heart, and blood vessels. The development of the ATC/DDD system is necessary to increase global drug knowledge, ensure equitable drug availability, and promote responsible drug use. Objectives: This study aimed to identify data on patient characteristics and oral anti-diabetic drugs and insulin using the ATC/DDD and DU90% methods. Material and Methods: This study was a cross-sectional evaluation of oral anti-diabetic medications and insulin using the ATC/DDD method and DU90% at the Bala Keselamatan Bokor Turen Hospital from January to December 2022. The inclusion criteria were patients diagnosed with type 1 or type 2 diabetes mellitus, with or without comorbidities, who were treated with oral anti-diabetic medications and a combination of insulin and oral medications. In the present study, the incomplete medical record data served as the exclusion criteria. The sample for this investigation consisted of 238 patients selected using the complete sampling technique. Results: Most patients who used oral anti-diabetic medications and insulin were between the ages of 46 and 65 (71.34%), were female (73.2%), had standard body mass index (BMIs between 18.5 and 25), and had diagnoses of DM + HT (20.73%) and Type II DM (18.29%). Glulisin was the most used anti-diabetic drug, accounting for 589 DDD/100 days of hospitalization, and DU90% was 21.39%. Conclusion: Glulisin is the most frequently prescribed anti-diabetic medication at Bokor Turen Hospital.
Formulation of Micellar Based Water from Piper crocatum Leaves Extract Using Various Concentrations of Poloxamer 188: Formulasi Micellar Berbasis Air Ekstrak Daun Sirih Merah (Piper crocatum) dengan Variasi Konsentrasi Poloxamer 188 Pratiwi, Hani; Okzelia, Sari Defi; Afiah, Mawar
Jurnal Farmasi Galenika (Galenika Journal of Pharmacy) (e-Journal) Vol. 10 No. 2 (2024): (October 2024)
Publisher : Universitas Tadulako

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22487/j24428744.2024.v10.i2.16628

Abstract

Background: Micellar based water (micellar water) is a preparation used to clean the face or makeup with water-based ingredients. Micellar water has moisturizing additives accompanied by antioxidants. Piper crocatum leaves is one of the plants that contain flavonoid compounds so it has the potential as an antioxidant. Micelles are the main component in micellar water preparations derived from amphiphilic block copolymer-type surfactants such as poloxamer. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to formulate, evaluate, and observe the antioxidant activity of the most optimum formulation of micellar based water preparations of Piper crocatum leaves extract with variations in poloxamer 188 concentrations. Material and Methods: The stages of this research were material preparation, extract characteristics evaluation, production of micellar preparations at poloxamer 188 concentrations of 1% (F1); 1.5% (F2); and 2% (F3); preparation characteristics evaluation, stability, particle size, antioxidant activity assay for the optimum formula, and irritation test. Results: The results of the evaluation showed that the pH of the preparation ranged from 4.54 - 4.76; viscosity values ranged from 16.40 - 24.26 cP; particle size ranged from 170.6 – 349.9 nm; and the entire formula did not irritate the skin. Conclusions: Based on the results of this study, it was found that the most optimal concentration of poloxamer 188 was 2% (F3) with IC50 value of 119.63 ppm which categorized as a moderate antioxidant activity.
Factors Affecting Potentially Inappropriate Medications (PIMs) Based on STOPP/START Criteria in Geriatric Patients at RSUD Dr. Soedomo Trenggalek: Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Potentially Inappropriate Medications (PIMs) Berdasarkan Kriteria STOPP/START pada Pasien Geriatri di RSUD Dr. Soedomo Trenggalek Widyaningrum, Esti Ambar; Fitriani, Marina; Irawati, Reny Nur Satya; Fajriyah, Shofiatul; Kurniawati, Evi; Lestari, Tri Puji
Jurnal Farmasi Galenika (Galenika Journal of Pharmacy) (e-Journal) Vol. 10 No. 2 (2024): (October 2024)
Publisher : Universitas Tadulako

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22487/j24428744.2024.v10.i2.16641

Abstract

Background: Geriatric patients often have multiple comorbidities and decreased physiological function, leading to polypharmacy and potential exposure to inappropriate medications (PIMs). Objectives: This study investigates geriatric inpatients' characteristic profiles, evaluates PIMs using STOPP/START criteria, and explores factors influencing PIM incidence. Method: This study employed a retrospective observational analytical approach. The sampling technique was purposive sampling. The sample involved in this study was 312 patients. Results: The geriatric patients involved in this study had the following characteristics: 62% male and 38% female; 69% youngest-old (65-74 years), 30% middle-old (75-90 years), and 1% oldest-old (>90 years); 87% with BPJS service type and 13% with general service type; main diagnosis groups of the patients were gastrointestinal of 9%, cardiovascular of 31%, respiratory of 3%, neurological of 1%, infection of 11%, endocrine of 13%, genitourinary of 15%, immune an malignant of 1%, blood of 11%, musculoskeletal of 2%, eyes of 2% and skin of 1%; 13% patients had one disease, 43% had two diseases, 25% had three diseases, and 19% had ≥ four diseases;29% had 15 drugs, 50% had 6-10 drugs, 17% had 11-15 drugs, 3% had 20 drugs, and 1% had ≥ 20 drugs. There were 72 PIMs based on STOPP/START criteria. The results of the analysis using the C contingency coefficient test showed the following factors, such as gender (p-value of 0.894), age (p-value of 0.470), type of service (p-value of 0.166), main diagnosis (p-value of 0.042), number of illness (p-value of 0.106), and number of drugs (p-value of 0.182). Conclusion: There is a correlation between the main diagnosis factor and PIMs with a p-value of 0.042 (p-value < 0.05).
Characteristics of Hyloceregurt: Fermented Milk from Stems and Peel of Dragon Fruits: Karakteristik Hyloceregurt: Susu Fermentasi Dari Batang Tumbuhan dan Kulit Buah Naga Sulistyarini, Indah; Palupi, Dwi Hadi Setya; Hesti, Ariani
Jurnal Farmasi Galenika (Galenika Journal of Pharmacy) (e-Journal) Vol. 10 No. 1 (2024): (March 2024)
Publisher : Universitas Tadulako

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22487/j24428744.2024.v10.i1.16669

Abstract

Background: Fruitghurt, the result of fruit or fruit by-product fermentation, is a functional food. Functional foods are foods that are rich in benefits. A formulation of hyloceregurt has been derived from the stem and peel of the dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus), with potential as an immunomodulatory agent. Objectives: This study is aimed at determining the quality of hyloceregurt. Material and Methods: Hyloceregurt formula variations are made from fermented stem powder, fruit peel powder, or dragon fruit peel juice. The test include physical characteristics, chemical analysis, microbiology analysis, and hedonic test. Results: Hyloceregurt formula from the stems of the plant and the peel of the dragon fruit has almost the same physical characteristics that include a distinctive smell, an acidic taste with a pH ranging from 3-5, and a thick liquid consistency. The color of the hyloceregurt follows the waste of the dragon fruit used (pink and green). The chemical characteristics of hyloceregurt have met the SNI standard, including fat content with a range of 3.1-3.6% and protein content with a range of 4.95–6.74% b/b. The microbiological characteristics of hyloceregurt indicate that the value of the total plate figure is in the range of 1.1-3.3 x 109 CFU/mL. Panelists on the hedonic test preferred three formulas: 1% hyloceregurt from the peel powder or fresh peel fruit juice, and dragon fruit plant stems based on smell, taste, color, and consistency. Conclusions: All formulas in 1% fruit or by-fruit were the most preferred formulas, and based on the best physical characteristic tests and chemical content analysis, met the requirements of SNI 2981 of 2009. However, microbiologically, they still did not meet the requirements of SNI 2981 of 2009, so further tests still need to be carried out.
Enhanced Fibrogenesis Activity in Diabetic Wound Using 20% Anredera scandens (L.) Moq. Leaves Extract Ointment in Sprague dawley Rats: Peningkatan Aktivitas Fibrogenesis pada Penyembuhan Luka Diabetik Menggunakan Salep Ekstrak Daun Anredera scandens (L.) Moq. 20% pada Tikus Sprague Dawley Ardinata, I Putu Riska; Setiawan, Putu Yudhistira Budi; Hita, Putu Gede Adi Purwa
Jurnal Farmasi Galenika (Galenika Journal of Pharmacy) (e-Journal) Vol. 10 No. 1 (2024): (March 2024)
Publisher : Universitas Tadulako

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22487/j24428744.2024.v10.i1.16865

Abstract

Background: In diabetic conditions, decreased glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity results in reduced nitric oxide synthesis. Reduced nitric oxide synthesis results in the production of ROS. This may impede the processes of angiogenesis and vasoconstriction and prolong inflammation. Objective: We were interested in investigating the mechanism by which 20% of Anredera scandens leaves extract ointment increases fibrogenesis activity because this condition can affect the development of damaged skin tissue. This study's design is a post-test-only laboratory experiment. Material and methods: The study employed male Sprague dawley strain rats that were induced with 40 mg/kgBW of STZ. The mice were divided into four groups: the negative group (which got diabetic wounds only), the positive group (which got Gentamicin ointment), and the test group (which got 20% extract ointment). Results: The skin tissue from each group was then examined histopathologically. After receiving 20% ointment of Anredera scandens leaves extract, the test group's mean fibrogenesis histopathology score on day 14 was significantly higher (P=0.022) at 3.75 than that of the negative group, which had a mean score of 2.75. Following that, the skin tissue of both the extract test group and the normal group was examined histopathologically. In comparison to the normal group mean score of 4.0 on day 14, the test group, which received 20% ointment of Anredera scandens leaves extract, had a non-significant (P=0.317) mean fibrogenesis histopathology score of 3.75. Subsequently, skin tissue was examined histopathologically for both the positive and normal groups. According to the results, on day 14, the positive group's average fibrogenesis histopathology score was 3.5, while the normal group's average score was 4.0. This difference was not statistically significant (P=0.127). Conclusions: Thus, it can be said that 20% Anredera scandens leaf extract ointment is comparable to gentamicin ointment in its capacity to promote fibrogenesis activity in diabetic wounds.
Analysis of Therapy Satisfaction on the Quality-of-Life of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients at Anutapura Hospital Palu: Analisis Kepuasan Terapi Terhadap Kualitas Hidup Pasien Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 di RSUD Anutapura Palu Zainal, Setiawati Fadhilah; Rumi, Amelia; Tamrin, M.; Rosita, Habiba; Hasymi, Abdurrahman; Alydrus, Rugayyah; Ambianti, Nurul
Jurnal Farmasi Galenika (Galenika Journal of Pharmacy) (e-Journal) Vol. 10 No. 1 (2024): (March 2024)
Publisher : Universitas Tadulako

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22487/j24428744.2024.v10.i1.16887

Abstract

Background: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (Type 2 DM) is a chronic disease characterized by increased blood glucose levels caused by impaired insulin function. In Palu City, Type 2 DM is the 2nd most common in Central Sulawesi with a total of 26,204 people. Objective: This study aims to determine the relationship between therapy satisfaction and the quality of life of Type 2 DM patients who perform outpatient treatment at Anutapura General Hospital, Palu. Methods: With a random sample approach, 100 respondents were used in this cross-sectional study that employed an observational method. Data collection used instruments in the form of a DMSAT (Diabetes Medication Satisfaction Tool) therapy satisfaction questionnaire and a DQOL (Diabetes Quality Of Life) quality of life questionnaire. Results: The results of the study were obtained on therapy satisfaction from Type 2 DM patients with the number of respondents in the very satisfied (1.0%), satisfied (90.0%), and quite satisfied (9.0%) categories while the results of the study of the quality of life of Type 2 DM patients 2 fall into the good category (38.0%), and the bad category (62.0%). The statistical analysis test used was the Spearman Rank Correlation test. The results of the Spearman Rank Correlation test value p = 0.037 or p <α (0.05), then H0 is rejected, which means that there is a relationship between satisfaction with therapy and quality of life in patients with Type 2 DM which is very weak. Conclusion: The conclusion in this study is that there is a very weak relationship between therapy satisfaction and quality of life of patients.
Effects of Pamelo Orange Peel (Citrus maxima) Ethanol Extract on Macroscopic Kidney and Heart of Hypertensive Rats: Efek Ekstrak Etanol Kulit Jeruk Pamelo (Citrus maxima) pada Makroskopik Ginjal dan Jantung Tikus Hipertensi Arifin, Sukmawati; Emelda, Andi; Santi, Irma; Putrisari, Nur Awaliah; Intan, Tri Rahmaputri Nur; Husain, Nurul Fadillah; Adawiyah, Rabiyah Al
Jurnal Farmasi Galenika (Galenika Journal of Pharmacy) (e-Journal) Vol. 10 No. 1 (2024): (March 2024)
Publisher : Universitas Tadulako

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22487/j24428744.2024.v10.i1.16946

Abstract

Background: Hypertension, characterized by elevated blood pressure (≥140/90 mmHg), leads to kidney and heart damage. Hypertension causes increased heart rate, heart enlargement, risk of heart failure, and damage to kidney blood vessels. One way to treat hypertension is by administering drugs such as herbal medicines. Pamelo oranges (Citrus maxima) are starting to be developed in the treatment of diseases. The ethanol extract of pomelo orange peel (EEKJP) contains flavonoid compounds which have antihypertensive activity as a natural Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, diuretic, increases Nitric Oxide Synthase (NOS) activity and activates Endothelium Derived Relaxing Factor (EDRF). Objectives: This study aims to examine the effect of ethanol extract of pomelo orange peel on the macroscopic features of the heart and kidneys of hypertensive rats (Rattus norvegicus). Methods: This research uses The Posttest-Only Control Group Design. Thirty rats were divided into six groups, namely naive control, negative control (NaCMC 1%), positive control (Captopril 0,45 mg/200 gramBB), EEKJP 100 mg/KgBW group, EEKJP 150 mg/KgBW group, and EEKJP 200 mg/KgBW group. Hypertension condition through induction with prednisone 1.5 mg/KgBW and NaCl 2% for 21th days. The test preparation was administered orally for 14th days. Next, all rats were dissected to remove the heart and kidney organs for macroscopic observations. Results: The results of the study showed that ethanol extract of pomelo (Citrus maxima) orange peel had a varied effect on the macroscopic appearance of the heart and kidneys of rats with hypertension. The heart organ shows structural improvements, while the kidneys have not shown any improvement. Conclusions: Extract with a dose of 100 mg/KgBW has no changes in the macroscopic appearance of the heart so it is thought to be able to repair damage to the heart organ.
Synergistic Effect Antibacterial Activity of The Combination of Andaliman (Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC) Fruit Essential Oil and Erythromycin against Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus pyogenes : Efek Sinergisme Aktivitas Antibakteri Kombinasi Minyak Atsiri Buah Andaliman (Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC) dan Eritromisin terhadap Streptococcus mutans dan Streptococcus pyogenes Situmorang, Vania Clarissha; Rahmi, Eldiza Puji; Pradana, Dhigna Luthfiyani Citra; Septama, Abdi Wira; Muti, Annisa Farida
Jurnal Farmasi Galenika (Galenika Journal of Pharmacy) (e-Journal) Vol. 10 No. 2 (2024): (October 2024)
Publisher : Universitas Tadulako

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22487/j24428744.2024.v10.i2.16977

Abstract

Background: The concept of synergism is one of the approaches taken to combat the problems related to antibiotic resistance. Objectives: The goal of this study was to determine the synergistic effect of the antibacterial activity of a combination of essential oil of Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC fruit and erythromycin against Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus pyogenes. Methods: The broth microdilution assay was used to determine the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of Z. acanthpodium DC fruit essential oil and erythromycin. The synergistic effects were assessed using the checkerboard method. Results: MIC value of Z. acanthopodium DC fruit essential oil against both bacteria was 2500 mg/mL. The combination of Z. acanthopodium DC fruit essential oil and erythromycin had a synergistic effect against S. mutans and S. pyogenes with fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI) values of 0.375 and 0.0872, respectively. Conclusions: These results suggest that a combination of herbal plants and conventional antibiotics could be used as an alternative therapy for bacterial infections.
Consumer Behavior Analysis as a Form of Pre-market Survey for the Black Pule (Alstonia spectabilis) Antimalarial Tablet Prototype: Analisis Perilaku Konsumen Sebagai Bentuk Survei Pre-market Tablet Prototipe Antimalaria Pule Hitam (Alstonia spectabilis) Taek, Maximus Markus; Ma'arif, Burhan; Maulina, Novia; Muslikh, Faisal Akhmal; Lalong, Paulus Risan Funan
Jurnal Farmasi Galenika (Galenika Journal of Pharmacy) (e-Journal) Vol. 10 No. 2 (2024): (October 2024)
Publisher : Universitas Tadulako

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22487/j24428744.2024.v10.i2.16986

Abstract

Malaria is a disease caused by the protozoan parasite Plasmodium with a high incidence of spread that is still found in remote tropical places, especially areas around gardens, swamps, forests, and mines such as eastern Indonesia. The commonly used antimalarial drug chloroquine has experienced resistance, encouraging researchers to look for effective alternative treatments. Formulation development of Standardized Herbal Medicine (OHT) from black pule was carried out as a potential new alternative treatment as an antimalarial. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine the level of liking and quality assessment or characteristics of the prototype of antimalarial OHT tablets. Methods: The method used in this research is descriptive quantitative which aims to describe 57 panelists' perspective on the product and to analyze product marketing. In this research method includes hedonic test and hedonic quality test which is a series of organoleptic tests and consumer acceptance tests by tasting and observing the product followed by filling out a form according to what is felt and observed. Results: The results obtained from this research, namely the preference test of the overall characteristics of the prototype of antimalarial black pule tablets (Alstonia spectabilis) showed a good sensory impression and characteristics. The positive results obtained from all aspects have illustrated that the panelists have considerable interest in the prototype sample and assess that the prototype tablets are suitable for dissemination to the public. Conclusions: Based on the research, it can be concluded that the prototype of black pule (Alstonia spectabilis) tablets tested through hedonic and hedonic quality tests produced overall good results, characterized by the tendency of panelists to choose "Like" in the hedonic test of sensory impressions and positive values in the hedonic quality test.

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