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Turbo : Jurnal Program Studi Teknik Mesin
Published by Universitas Muhammadiyah Metro
ISSN : 23016663     EISSN : 2477250X     DOI : https://doi.org/10.24127
Core Subject : Engineering,
Mechanical Engineering
TURBO ISSN (print version) 2301-6663 & ISSN (online version) 2477-250X is a peer-reviewed journal that publishes scientific articles from the disciplines of mechanical engineering, which includes the field of study (peer) material, production and manufacturing, construction and energy conversion. Articles published in the journal Mechanical include results of original scientific research (original), and a scientific review article (review). Mechanical journal published by the Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University Muhammadiyah of Metro for publishing two periods a year, in June and December with the number of articles 14-20 per year . Editors receive manuscripts in mechanical engineering from various academics, researchers and industry practitioners.
Arjuna Subject : Teknik (semua kategori) - Teknik Mesin
Articles 756 Documents
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Pengaruh Variasi Jarak Nosel dan Kecepatan Udara Inlet terhadap Tekanan dan Kecepatan Hisap pada Pompa Vakum Jet Ejector Arasy Fahruddin; Lukman Hudi; Bambang Surono; Mulyadi Mulyadi
TURBO [Tulisan Riset Berbasis Online] Vol 15 No 1 (2026): TURBO: Jurnal Program Studi Teknik Mesin
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Metro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24127/trb.v15i1.5104

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the effect of variations in nozzle spacing and inlet air velocity on the vacuum pressure and flow velocity distribution in a jet ejector vacuum pump. The method used is a numerical simulation based on Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) to obtain a detailed picture of the fluid flow characteristics in the system. The variations in nozzle spacing studied include 14 mm, 16 mm, and 18 mm, while the inlet air velocity is varied at 10 m/s, 15 m/s, and 20 m/s. The simulation results show that increasing the nozzle spacing tends to reduce the pressure on the venturi, thereby increasing the vacuum effect, with optimal conditions obtained at a distance of 18 mm and an inlet velocity of 10 m/s. Under these conditions, the pressure in the tube reaches the lowest value compared to other variations. However, increasing the inlet air velocity actually causes an increase in pressure in the tube due to turbulence and backflow, thereby reducing or even eliminating the vacuum effect at velocities of 15 m/s and 20 m/s. Overall, the performance of a jet ejector is greatly influenced by a combination of geometric and operational parameters.
Optimasi Desain dan Analisis Struktur Bracket Kombinasi Menggunakan FEA dan Topology Optimization untuk Kendaraan Hemat Energi Adrian Fasa Putra; Amrul Khasani; Didin Zakariya Lubis
TURBO [Tulisan Riset Berbasis Online] Vol 15 No 1 (2026): TURBO: Jurnal Program Studi Teknik Mesin
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Metro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24127/trb.v15i1.5126

Abstract

The increasing consumption of fossil fuels in the transportation sector has encouraged the development of energy-efficient vehicles through structural weight reduction. However, previous studies generally optimized axle brackets and brake caliper brackets separately while employing only a single optimization approach. This study proposes an integrated bracket combining both functions through the integration of Aluminum 6061 material selection, wall thickness adjustment, topology optimization, finite element analysis (FEA), and weighted scoring. Topology optimization was performed using a minimize mass objective with a 60% retained mass, producing four design alternatives evaluated based on mass, von Mises stress, deformation, and safety factor. The results indicate that Design 4 achieved the highest weighted scoring value of 0.995 and reduced bracket mass by 43.9% compared with the initial design while maintaining a maximum stress of 38.664 MPa, a maximum deformation of 0.0266 mm, and a safety factor of 2.229. The scientific contribution of this study lies in the development of an integrated bracket evaluated through multiple optimization strategies within a single design framework. Practically, the proposed design has the potential to reduce vehicle weight and support higher energy efficiency in Urban Concept Shell Eco-marathon vehicles.
Aerodynamic optimization of a Darrieus-Savonius wind turbine with guide vane for power generation in the coastal area of Pacitan Regency Yoga Arob Wicaksono; Ahmad Arbi Trihatmojo; Musyaddad Nurwahyono; Muhammad Halim
TURBO [Tulisan Riset Berbasis Online] Vol 15 No 1 (2026): TURBO: Jurnal Program Studi Teknik Mesin
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Metro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24127/trb.v15i1.5180

Abstract

The Darrieus–Savonius wind turbine has significant potential for application in the coastal area of Pacitan Regency, Indonesia, as it combines the high efficiency of the Darrieus rotor with the superior self-starting capability of the Savonius rotor. Although the use of guide vanes has been widely investigated in vertical-axis wind turbines, studies examining the influence of the number of guide vanes on the flow characteristics and aerodynamic performance of Darrieus–Savonius wind turbines remain limited. This study investigates the effects of three guide vane configurations (3, 4, and 5 vanes) using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations performed in OpenFOAM. The simulations were conducted at a free-stream wind speed of 10 m/s and a rotor angular velocity of 5 rad/s. Turbine performance was evaluated in terms of the torque coefficient (CT) and power coefficient (CP), while the flow characteristics were analyzed through velocity and pressure distributions around the rotor. The results indicate that the 4-guide-vane configuration achieved the best performance, yielding a CT of 0.35 and a CP of 0.175, which were higher than those obtained with the 3-guide-vane configuration (CT = 0.33, CP = 0.165) and the 5-guide-vane configuration (CT = 0.29, CP = 0.145). This configuration effectively directed the incoming airflow toward the rotor, resulting in a greater pressure difference across the blades. In contrast, the 5-guide-vane configuration induced blockage and increased turbulence, leading to a reduction in turbine performance. These findings demonstrate that the 4-guide-vane configuration is the most effective design for enhancing the aerodynamic performance of Darrieus–Savonius wind turbines. Keywords: Small-scale wind turbine; Darrieus–Savonius; Guide vanes; Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD); Power and torque coefficients
Pengaruh Proses Post Weld Heat Treatment (PWHT) terhadap Sifat Fisik dan Mekanik Sambungan Las Tungsten Inert Gas (TIG) pada Baja SS 400 Yustiasih Purwaningrum; Reza Arief Sidiq; Isal Alvianto
TURBO [Tulisan Riset Berbasis Online] Vol 15 No 1 (2026): TURBO: Jurnal Program Studi Teknik Mesin
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Metro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24127/trb.v15i1.5263

Abstract

The aimed of this research is to find the PWHT (post weld heat treatment) temperature that can produce the optimal physical and mechanical properties of TIG (tungsten inert gas) welded joints on SS 400 steel.. The PWHT temperature in previous TIG welding studies on steel used temperatures below 700℃. At this temperature, the steel's microstructure consists of ferrite and pearlite, so the microstructure after PWHT cooling does not change, remaining ferrite and pearlite. The PWHT process used in this study is quenching with water as the cooling medium. The temperature variations used are 900℃, 1000℃, and 1100℃. Within this temperature range, the steel's pearlite phase has transformed into austenite. After cooling, the austenite phase will change depending on the cooling rate, which further increases the potential improvement in its mechanical properties. The material used is SS 400 steel with dimensions of 300 mm x 100 mm and a thickness of 5 mm. The TIG welding process was carried out using a tungsten electrode AWS A5 12-80 ϕ 2.4 mm and filler metal ER 70S-6 ϕ 1.6 mm. The welding parameters used were a voltage of 230 V, current of 95 A, welding speed of 1.46 mm/s, and argon shielding gas. The tests conducted were dye penetrant testing, microstructure observation, tensile testing, bending testing, microvickers hardness testing, and corrosion rate testing. The test results indicate that a PWHT temperature variation of 1000℃ produces the most optimal weld joint. The tensile strength of the weld with a temperature variation of 1000℃ is 246.31 MPa. This value is 25.8% higher compared to the 900℃ variation and 9.9% higher compared to the 1100℃ variation. The bending test results show that the bending strength of the weld with PWHT at 1000℃ is 483.99 MPa. This value is higher compared to the welds with PWHT at 900℃ and 1100℃, which have bending strengths of 307.52 MPa and 280.81 MPa, respectively. The microstructure formed after the PWHT process at all temperature variations is the same, which is martensite with hard and brittle properties, due to the rapid cooling process. The corrosion rate values fall into the good category for all welds with PWHT. This research produced PWHT temperature data that is useful for improving the physical and mechanical properties of TIG welding results on SS 400 steel, which can be applied in the construction field.
Sintesis dan Karakterisasi Bunga Sepatu dan Karbon Kayu Ulin Untuk Katalis Pada Proses Pirolisis Sampah Plastik Guruh Sartika; Yano Hurung Anoi; Rosmiati; Asriwulan; Tatang Wiyadi; Amir Maulana; Ahmad Yani
TURBO [Tulisan Riset Berbasis Online] Vol 15 No 2 (2026): TURBO: Jurnal Program Studi Teknik Mesin (in Progress)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Metro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24127/trb.v15i2.5363

Abstract

Plastic waste pyrolysis requires catalysts that are thermally stable, accessible, and economically viable. This study synthesizes and characterizes a biomass-based catalytic material derived from hibiscus flower powder and activated Ulin wood carbon. Hibiscus petals were dried under sunlight for 6 h, oven-dried at 55 °C for 1 h, ground, and sieved to 200 mesh. Ulin wood carbon was reduced by high-energy milling, sieved to 200 mesh, activated in 3 M NaOH using 8 g carbon for 12 h, washed to pH 6–7, and dried at 105 °C for 8 h. UV–Vis analysis showed that hibiscus powder contained 676.62 mg EQ/100 g flavonoids, 2305.06 mg GAE/100 g phenols, 369.69 ppm antioxidant activity, and 122.40 ppm anthocyanins. Activated Ulin carbon contained 166.28 mg EQ/100 g flavonoids, 32.04 mg GAE/100 g phenols, 0 ppm antioxidant activity, and 0.54 ppm anthocyanins. Thermal, morphological, functional group, and crystallinity analyses were conducted using TGA-DTA, SEM, FTIR, and XRD. The results indicate that hibiscus contributes oxygenated bioactive compounds, whereas activated Ulin carbon provides a carbonaceous support structure. The combined characteristics suggest potential use as a sustainable catalyst precursor for plastic waste pyrolysis. Keywords: Hibiscus flower; ulin wood carbon; activated carbon; biomass catalyst; plastic waste pyrolysis
Pengaruh Variasi Fraksi Volume Serbuk Alumina Terhadap Kekuatan Tarik Dan Kekerasan Pada Aluminium 1050 Mohammad Andrea Iswanto; Irwan Aranda
TURBO [Tulisan Riset Berbasis Online] Vol 15 No 1 (2026): TURBO: Jurnal Program Studi Teknik Mesin
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Metro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24127/trb.v15i1.5384

Abstract

Aluminum 1050 is a material with low density, good corrosion resistance, and excellent formability; however, it possesses relatively low mechanical strength and hardness. One approach to improving its mechanical properties is the addition of alumina (Al₂O₃) powder as a reinforcing material to form a Metal Matrix Composite (MMC). This study aims to investigate the effect of alumina powder volume fractions of 0%, 3%, 6%, and 9% on the tensile strength and hardness of Aluminum 1050 produced using the stir casting method. The melting process was carried out at approximately 700°C, while the alumina powder was preheated at 400°C for 30 minutes. The molten metal was then stirred for 5 minutes before being poured into the mold. Mechanical properties were evaluated using a Universal Testing Machine (UTM) for tensile testing and a Brinell Hardness Tester for hardness testing. The tensile test results showed that the highest average tensile strength was obtained at a 3% alumina volume fraction, reaching 52.27 MPa, followed by 6% at 50.01 MPa, 0% at 43.90 MPa, and 9% at 20.68 MPa. Meanwhile, the average hardness values were 88.33 HBN, 112.41 HBN, 115.48 HBN, and 113.59 HBN for the 0%, 3%, 6%, and 9% alumina volume fractions, respectively. The results indicate that the addition of alumina powder improves the mechanical properties of Aluminum 1050. The optimum tensile strength was achieved at a 3% alumina volume fraction, while the highest hardness value was obtained at a 6% alumina volume fraction. Excessive alumina addition may reduce the material strength due to non-uniform particle distribution and the formation of porosity.

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