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INDONESIA
Jurnal Biologi Tropis
Published by Universitas Mataram
ISSN : 14119587     EISSN : 25497863     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Immunology & microbiology
Jurnal Biologi Tropis (ISSN Cetak 1411-9587 dan ISSN Online 2549-7863) diterbitkan mulai tahun 2000 dengan frekuensi 2 kali setahun oleh Program Studi Pendidikan Biologi PMIPA FKIP Universitas Mataram, berisi hasil penelitian dan ulasan Ilmiah dalam bidang Biologi Sains.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 2,520 Documents
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Formulation and Physical Evaluation of Ointment Containing Ageratum conyzoides L. Leaf Extract as a Herbal Medicine Mailani, Senfia Liberti; Sulastri, Titin; Suwitono, Marvel Reuben
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 25 No. 4a (2025): Special Issue
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v25i4a.10687

Abstract

Babadotan leaves (Ageratum conyzoides L.) are a plant that has long been used in traditional medicine due to their anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and wound healing properties. This study aims to formulate and evaluate ointment preparations containing babadotan leaf extract as a herbal medicine. This study used a descriptive method in the laboratory and described the tests obtained. The extract was obtained through maceration using 96% ethanol solvent. Formulation evaluation included organoleptic tests, homogeneity, pH, spreadability, adhesiveness, and viscosity. The results showed that formulations F1, F2, and F3 were yellowish green with a distinctive smell of babadotan leaves and were solid because they contained thick babadotan leaf extract. All ointment formulations had homogeneous properties, indicated by the absence of coarse grains in the ointment. The spreadability of formulas F2 and F3 met the criteria, while F1's spreadability was slightly below the lower limit. All three formulas had higher adhesiveness than the standard. The pH values of F2 and F3 were within normal limits and safe to use, while F1 was slightly more alkaline but still acceptable for topical use. All formulas were within the appropriate range for ointments, namely 2,000–50,000 cp. In conclusion, the ointment formulation based on babadotan leaf extract has the potential to be an effective herbal remedy and can be further developed in the pharmaceutical field.
Diverticulitis: A Literature Review Husnul Khotimah, Andi; Firdaus, Nadine Aisyah Sultan; Haikal, Muhammad; Wulandari, Baiq Nurhandini; Zubaedi, Alisha Chaerani; Hanifah, Hanum Retno; Prawira, I Nyoman Dio Yudha; Nurhidayati, Nurhidayati
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 25 No. 4a (2025): Special Issue
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v25i4a.10317

Abstract

Diverticulitis is an inflammatory disease of the intestinal wall that often occurs in the elderly and is commonly located in the sigmoid colon. Risk factors for diverticulitis include a low-fiber diet, obesity and smoking, while physical activity and a healthy diet can lower the risk. Treatment of diverticulitis includes the use of selective antibiotics, especially in patients with complications or high risk, and surgical intervention may be required in complicated cases. The prognosis of the disease depends on age, severity, and the presence of complications, with a significant risk of recurrence in some patients. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive explanation of the definition, classification, epidemiology, etiology, risk factors, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, management, complications, prognosis, and prevention of diverticulitis. This literature review was conducted using a literature study method, with data sources obtained from online databases such as PubMed, ScienceDirect, ProQuest, and Google Scholar.
Cell-Free Therapeutic Mechanisms of AD-MSC Secretome in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Literature Review Padilla, Putri Rahma; Marlina, Marlina; Tjong, Djong Hon
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 25 No. 4a (2025): Special Issue
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v25i4a.10623

Abstract

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder with a globally increasing prevalence, while conventional therapies often fail to halt disease progression. The secretome derived from adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AD-MSCs) holds great potential as a cell-free therapy strategy, as it contains various bioactive molecules, cytokines, and extracellular vesicles that regulate glucose metabolism and modulate immune responses. This review discusses the molecular components of AD-MSC secretome, its mechanisms in enhancing insulin sensitivity and protecting pancreatic β-cells, as well as the challenges in its clinical application. Based on literature from 2018–2025 in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, AD-MSC secretome has been shown to enhance IRS-1 phosphorylation, activate the PI3K/Akt pathway, and promote GLUT4 translocation while suppressing chronic inflammation. Growth factors (HGF, IGF-1, VEGF) and microRNAs (miR-126, miR-21, miR-146a) contribute to β-cell regeneration. Donor variability, culture conditions, and isolation methods affect secretome quality, which can be optimized through preconditioning or genetic modification.
A Systematic Literature Review of Environmental Education Strategies in Reducing Aedes sp Populations through Natural Attractant-Based Trapping Purnamasari, A. Bida; Setiawati, Yuliyanti; Sahabuddin, Erma Suryani
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 25 No. 4b (2025): Special Issue
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v25i4b.10704

Abstract

Increasing population density in Indonesia, unmanaged urbanization, and climate change have created ideal conditions for the proliferation of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. Controlling the Aedes sp. mosquito population is not only a health issue, but also a complex ecological and social issue, requiring an integrated strategy involving science, technology, and public education. This study is a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) that aims to examine educational strategies, their roles, and future development directions for Aedes sp. control. The study was conducted following PRISMA guidelines using the Scopus database for the period 2015–2025. A total of 30 articles were identified, 18 of which met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed thematically to identify patterns, effectiveness, and contributions of educational strategies to changes in people's ecological behavior. The results of the study indicate that school-based educational strategies, community training, public campaigns, and citizen science approaches play a significant role in increasing environmental literacy, social participation, and individual and group ecological responsibility. The integration of local culture and sustainable education policies strengthen the program's success by ensuring broader social acceptance. Existing research remains fragmented and has not fully integrated the dimensions of education, ecology, and public health. Therefore, future research is recommended to develop a transdisciplinary approach through collaboration between educational institutions, government, and local communities to create an adaptive, evidence-based, and sustainable vector control system.
Formulation and Physical Stability of Ointment Preparation Ethanol Extract of Piper betle L Taryono, Ribka Mutiara; Sulastri, Titin; Suwitono, Marvel Reuben
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 25 No. 4a (2025): Special Issue
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v25i4a.10706

Abstract

Betel leaves are commonly used to treat mouth ulcers, eliminate body odor, itching, burns, and vaginal discharge. Inflammation is the body's natural protective response to tissue damage caused by physical trauma, exposure to harmful chemicals, or microbial infection. This study aimed to formulate and evaluate the physical stability of ointment preparations containing ethanol extract of Piper betle L. Three types of ointment bases hydrocarbon, absorption, and water-soluble were developed using 8.67 g of Piper betle extract. The formulations were assessed for organoleptic characteristics, homogeneity, pH, adhesion, spreadability, and viscosity. The extraction process yielded 26.92 g of thick extract (13.5%), with active compounds such as essential oils, alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, and saponins known for their anti-inflammatory properties. Evaluation results showed that all formulations had a semi-solid consistency, homogeneous texture, and stable color and odor. The pH of all samples was 5, within the safe range for topical use. The water-soluble base exhibited the highest adhesion (6.46 seconds) and spreadability (6.53 cm), while the absorption base exhibited the highest viscosity (8,604 mPa·s). These results indicate that all ointment formulations met the required physical standards and were stable during storage. The ethanol extract of Piper betle L. can therefore be developed as a safe and effective herbal topical anti-inflammatory preparation.
Literature Review: The Relationship Between Procrastination and Academic Stress Haikal, Muhammad; Sugiono, Muhammad Rafly Adrian; Azzahra, Anis Aura; Fauzan, Naufal Revaldy
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 25 No. 4a (2025): Special Issue
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v25i4a.10718

Abstract

Academic procrastination and academic stress represent two interrelated issues frequently encountered by university students and have been shown to adversely affect academic performance as well as psychological well-being. This literature review synthesizes current evidence regarding the conceptualization, contributing factors, and consequences of academic procrastination, while also examining the mechanisms through which academic stress influences procrastinatory behavior. Internal factors such as limited motivation, inadequate time-management abilities, insufficient understanding of academic tasks, and psychological and physical fatigue were identified as key determinants of procrastination. External factors, including heavy academic workloads, unclear instructions, peer influence, and inconsistent assignment deadlines, further intensify procrastinatory tendencies. Academic stress, defined as the condition in which academic demands exceed an individual's adaptive capacity, is associated with anxiety, sleep disturbances, changes in nutritional patterns, reduced concentration, and other physiological or emotional consequences. Evidence from multiple empirical studies indicates a positive and reciprocal association between academic procrastination and academic stress, suggesting that elevated stress levels increase procrastination, while procrastination, in turn, heightens stress. This reinforcing cycle underscores the need for targeted interventions. Recommended strategies include segmenting complex tasks into smaller components, reducing feelings of overload, managing perfectionistic tendencies, monitoring daily behavioral patterns, and employing self-reward systems. Overall, a comprehensive understanding of the interplay between academic stress and procrastination is essential for developing effective academic and psychological support strategies for students.
Environmental Literacy as a Determinant of Public Health: A Systematic Literature Review on Disease Preventio Rusnita, Rusnita; Sulistiawaty, Sulistiawaty; Sahabuddin, Erma Suryani
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 25 No. 4b (2025): Special Issue
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v25i4b.10734

Abstract

The burden of disease related to environmental conditions remains high in many communities, making improving environmental literacy a crucial prevention strategy. This study, conducted a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) of the Scopus database (2015–2025), aimed to identify educational interventions used to improve environmental literacy in the community, as well as factors supporting and inhibiting their effectiveness. A selection process yielded 17 articles for analysis. Results indicate that community-based interventions, including face-to-face counseling, health cadre training, community digital education, citizen participation in environmental monitoring, and culture-based education, often contribute to increased knowledge, awareness, and practice of disease prevention. The success of these interventions is influenced by community trust in information sources, self-efficacy, the availability of environmental facilities (trash cans, clean water, sanitation), and local leadership. Conversely, skepticism, the normalization of unhealthy behaviors, fatalism, limited infrastructure, and leadership conflict are key barriers. This study confirms that environmental literacy alone does not guarantee behavioral change without social and structural support. Future research recommendations include quasi-experimental research, long-term impact evaluations, and comparative studies across cultural contexts to strengthen evidence for implementation.
Identification of Thraustochytrids from Mangrove Forest of Tidung Island, Kepulauan Seribu, Jakarta An Nisaa, Ranti; Hutari, Andri; Awaliah, Walidah; Permatasari, Renna; Ar Rasyid, Muhammad Luqman
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 25 No. 4b (2025): Special Issue
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v25i4b.10133

Abstract

Thrautochytrids are often called heterotrophic microalgae that have a lot of omega-3 docosahexaenoic acid, or DHA. These microbes are found in many mangrove forest areas, including Indonesia, which has the biggest mangrove forests in the world. Indonesia is also beginning to look for useful microbes in these environments. The goal of this study was to find and identify a type of Thrautochytrid called Aurantiochytrium sp. in the mangrove forests of Tidung Island, part of the Thousand Islands near Jakarta. This area has never been studied for this type of microbe before. The study found two isolates of Thrautochytrids, named Aurantiochytrium sp. PTD5 and PTD6. These were identified by looking at the phylogenetic tree made from 18S rRNA sequences. The phylogenetic tree shows that PTD5 and PTD6 are closely related to other Aurantiochytrium strains like SR21 and BL10, which are widely used in research for making omega-3 DHA lipids.
Diversity and Distribution of Hymenoptera in Kerandangan Nature Tourism Park Imami, Vines Salsa; Ilhamdi, Mohammad Liwa; Suyantri, Eni
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 25 No. 4b (2025): Special Issue
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v25i4b.10219

Abstract

Hymenoptera is one of the insect orders that plays an important role in ecosystems, serving as pollinators, predators, and decomposers. This study was conducted in the Kerandangan Nature Tourism Park, located in Senggigi Village, Batu Layar Subdistrict, West Lombok Regency, West Nusa Tenggara Province. The aim of this study was to determine the diversity and distribution patterns of Hymenoptera. The research was carried out from November–December 2024 using a descriptive-exploratory method. Data were collected using two sampling techniques: pitfall traps and sweep nets, applied at three stations: Intensive Utilization Block, Protection Block, and Rehabilitation Block. The results showed the presence of 15 species from the order Hymenoptera, classified into two families: Apidae and Formicidae, with a total of 503 individuals. The overall diversity index (H') was 2,02. When ranked by diversity index values at each block, the highest diversity was found in the Protection Block (H' = 2,18), followed by the Intensive Utilization Block (H' = 1,74), and the lowest in the Rehabilitation Block (H' = 1,36). Overall, the distribution pattern of Hymenoptera individuals in TWA Kerandangan was generally random, with Morisita index values ranging from 0,00 to 0,43 (Id < 1).
Literature Review: Phytochemical Compounds and Pharmacological Activities of Male Carica papaya L. Flower Andarias, S. Hafidhawatii; Fitriani B.; Yanti, Yoni Rahma; Ferriyanti, Ferriyanti
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 25 No. 4a (2025): Special Issue
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v25i4a.10365

Abstract

Carica papaya L. is a polygamous tropical plant with three sexual forms male, female, and hermaphroditic. Male flowers are reported to contain a variety of phytochemical compounds such as flavonoids, triterpenoids, steroids, alkaloids, and several unique components rarely detected in other plant parts. This article aims to review and analyze existing findings regarding the phytochemical composition and pharmacological activities of male papaya flowers. A literature review approach was used to synthesize scientific information published between 2015 and 2025, systematically retrieved from Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar. Data analysis was performed descriptively using chemical compound classification approaches, pharmacological activity clustering, and comparison of findings between studies. The analysis revealed that male papaya flowers are a promising source of bioactive compounds with important antioxidant, anticancer, and antibacterial properties. Variations in the phytochemical profile have been shown to depend on the extraction technique used. Furthermore, studies involving nanoparticle-based formulations have demonstrated increased selectivity against cancer cells and enhanced activity against pathogenic bacteria. However, most current evidence remains limited to in vitro investigations. Therefore, further in vivo and clinical studies are urgently needed to validate its safety, therapeutic efficacy, and potential development as a herbal medicine or phytopharmaceutical agent.

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