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Green Synthesis of SnO2 Nanocrystals Using Garcinia Mangostana L Fruit Peels Extract as Natural Capping Agent Asdim, Asdim; Rijali, Alim; Susanti, Qurnia
JKPK (Jurnal Kimia dan Pendidikan Kimia) Vol 9, No 2 (2024): JKPK (Jurnal Kimia dan Pendidikan Kimia)
Publisher : Program Studi Pendidikan Kimia FKIP Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/jkpk.v9i2.87842

The hydrothermal synthesis of SnO2 nanocrystals at a relatively low-temperature range of 95-100 °C was successfully conducted utilising Garcinia Mangostana L fruit peel extract as a natural capping agent. Characterisation of the synthesised SnO2 nanocrystals was performed using an X-ray diffractometer (XRD) for phase analysis and determination of crystallite size and a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) for morphology analysis. XRD analysis revealed the formation of phase-pure SnO2 nanocrystals, with distinct peaks at angles (2θ) of 26.01°, 33.89°, and 51.70° corresponding to miller indices (110), (101), and (211) as per JSPDS standard data. The absence of impurity peaks in the XRD pattern indicated the high purity of the synthesised SnO2 nanocrystals. SEM images exhibited differences in the size and morphology of the synthesised SnO2 nanocrystals with and without the extract. Specifically, the presence of the fruit peel extract led to a reduction in aggregate formation and inhibited crystal growth, resulting in smaller aggregates. These findings highlight the significant impact of Garcinia Mangostana L fruit peel extract on the hydrothermal synthesis of SnO2 nanocrystals with varied sizes and morphologies.

Preparation, characterization, and in vitro antibacterial activity of Cu(II)-pyrazinamide complexes, Karti'a, Galuh Wahyu; Purwonugroho, Danar; Srihardyastutie, Arie; Prananto, Yuniar Ponco
JKPK (Jurnal Kimia dan Pendidikan Kimia) Vol 9, No 2 (2024): JKPK (Jurnal Kimia dan Pendidikan Kimia)
Publisher : Program Studi Pendidikan Kimia FKIP Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/jkpk.v9i2.86189

Transition metal complexes, including copper(II) complexes, are being investigated as potential next-generation antibacterial agents. This study aims to prepare several Cu(II)-pyrazinamide (Cu(II)-pza) complexes using Cu(II) salts (acetate, chloride, nitrate, sulphate) through a direct mixing technique. Different Cu(II) salts are anticipated to yield distinct complexes, resulting in varied antibacterial properties. The Cu(II)-pza complexes were characterized using melting point analysis, infrared spectroscopy, and powder X-ray diffraction (XRD). Melting point analysis provides insights into the physical properties of the complexes. Infrared spectroscopy identifies functional groups and predicts chemical bonds within the complexes. Powder XRD analyzes the characteristic diffraction patterns of the complexes. Experimental data reveal that the infrared spectra of all Cu(II)-pza complexes exhibit typical absorption bands of the pyrazinamide ligand (N-H, C=O, C-N, and C=N). Powder XRD analysis shows different diffraction patterns for each complex, indicating the formation of different compounds due to variations in anion and metal-ligand interactions, with the sulphate complex matching a previously reported complex. Melting point tests indicate the decomposition of the complexes within the range of 215–225 °C, except for the acetate complex, which decomposes at 275 °C. The antibacterial activities of these complexes against S. aureus and E. coli were examined in vitro based on inhibition zone diameter and MIC value. The sulphate, nitrate, and chloride complexes exhibit MIC values of 1,000 ppm and MBC values of 6,000 ppm, demonstrating better antibacterial activity against S. aureus than E. coli. These findings suggest the potential of Cu(II)-pza complexes as antibacterial agents. Further studies, such as crystal structure determination, are necessary to explore the possible mechanisms of antibacterial activity.[1] N. C. Handayani, A. Kusuma, R. 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Burandt, B. L. Knierim, S. Sundström, and F. Jacquet, “Further Limitations of Synthetic Fungicide Use and Expansion of Organic Agriculture in Europe Will Increase the Environmental and Health Risks of Chemical Crop Protection Caused by Copper-Containing Fungicides,” Environ. Toxicol. Chem., vol. 43, no. 1, pp. 19–30, 2024. doi: 10.1002/etc.4995.[15] M. Vincent, L. Duval, R. Hartemann, J. Noury, and P. Perrin, “Antimicrobial applications of copper,” Int. J. Hyg. Environ. Health, vol. 219, no. 7, pp. 585–591, 2016. doi: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2016.07.003.[16] M. S. Khan, R. Farooq, M. A. Baig, and H. Shahid, “Computational investigation of pyrazinamide drugs and its transition metal complexes using a DFT approach,” J. Comput. Chem., vol. 45, no. 10, pp. 622–632, 2024. doi: 10.1002/jcc.26563.[17] E. A. Lamont and N. A. Dillon, “The Bewildering Antitubercular Action of Pyrazinamide,” Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews, vol. 84, no. 2, pp. 1–15, 2020. doi: 10.1128/MMBR.00034-19.[18] N. Raman and R. Jeyamurugan, “Synthesis, characterization, and DNA interaction of mononuclear copper(II) and zinc(II) complexes having a hard-soft NS donor ligand,” J. Coord. Chem., vol. 62, no. 14, pp. 2375–2387, 2009. doi: 10.1080/00958970902932390.[19] M. M. Khunur and Y. P. Prananto, “Structural analysis of polymeric copper(ii)-pyrazinamide complexes prepared from two different copper(II) salts,” IOP Conf. Ser. Mater. Sci. Eng., vol. 546, no. 6, 2019. doi: 10.1088/1757-899X/546/6/062015.[20] M. Ahmed, S. H. Naz, M. H. Siddiqui, M. Tahir, and A. S. Farooqi, “Synthesis, characterization and anticancer activity of isonicotinylhydrazide metal complexes,” J. Chem. Soc. Pakistan, vol. 41, no. 1, pp. 113–121, 2019. [Online]. Available: https://jcsp.org.pk/issueDetail.aspx?aid=90.[21] A. H. Rafika, M. H. Tarafder, K. Mahmood, and S. I. A. Razak, “Effect of drying temperature and drying time on the crystallinity degree of Zn(II)-tartrate complex,” Kuwait J. Sci., vol. 50, no. 4, pp. 596–601, 2023. doi: 10.48129/kjs.v50i4.11354.[22] S. Tsuzuki, T. Hayashi, K. Muranaka, M. Kamata, T. Iwasaki, and K. Nishimura, “National trend of blood-stream infection attributable deaths caused by Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli in Japan,” J. Infect. Chemother., vol. 26, no. 4, pp. 367–371, 2020. doi: 10.1016/j.jiac.2019.10.014.[23] A. S. Coia, G. Müller, F. Körner, and H. W. Lang, “Exploring the Role of Transition Metal Complexes in Artistic Coloration through a Bottom-Up Scientific Approach,” J. Cult. Herit., 2024. doi: 10.1016/j.culher.2023.05.004.[24] M. Manimohan, S. Karthikeyan, M. Ponnuswamy, and M. S. Suriyanarayanan, “Biologically active Co (II), Cu (II), Zn (II) centered water soluble novel isoniazid grafted O-carboxymethyl chitosan Schiff base ligand metal complexes: Synthesis, spectral characterisation, and DNA nuclease activity,” International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, vol. 163, pp. 801-816, 2020. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.06.118.[25] W. H. Turner, "Optical Absorption Spectra of Iron in The Rock-Forming Silicates: a Discussion," American Mineralogist: Journal of Earth and Planetary Materials, vol. 52, no. 3-4, pp. 553-555, 1967. doi: 10.2138/am-1967-3-428.[26] Y. Chen, Z. Lu, and X. Zhang, “Applications of Micro-Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) in the Geological Sciences — A Review,” Appl. Spectrosc. Rev., vol. 50, no. 4, pp. 30223–30250, 2015. doi: 10.1080/05704928.2015.1115401.[27] M. Ali, S. G. Tushar, A. K. Naji, and R. Ahmad, “Design, synthesis and antitubercular evaluation of novel series of pyrazinecarboxamide metal complexes,” Iran. J. Pharm. Res., vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 93–99, 2018. doi: 10.22037/ijpr.2018.2124.[28] B. Kozlevčar, B. Zupančič, M. Hren, and B. Šket, "Complexes of copper (II) acetate with nicotinamide: preparation, characterization and fungicidal activity; crystal structures of [Cu2(O2CCH3)4(nia)] and [Cu2(O2CCH3)4(nia)2]," Polyhedron, vol. 18, no. 5, pp. 755-762, 1999. doi: 10.1016/S0277-5387(98)00354-7.[29] O. Kristiansson, “Bis(pyrazine-2-carboxamide)bis(trifluoromethanesulfonato)copper(II) monohydrate,” Acta Crystallogr. Sect. E Struct. Reports Online, vol. 58, no. 3, pp. m130–m132, 2002. doi: 10.1107/S1600536802006196.[30] N. C. Handayani, I. K. Dewi, M. Surya, and S. Utami, “Synthesis, Characterization, and Antibacterial Activity of Anion-Depended Cu (II)-Niacinamide Complexes,” The Indonesian Green Technology Journal, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 1–12, 2020.[31] P. Ghanghas, S. K. Ghanghas, and A. S. Thakur, “Coordination metal complexes with Schiff bases: Useful pharmacophores with comprehensive biological applications,” Inorg. Chem. Commun., vol. 130, p. 108710, 2021. doi: 10.1016/j.inoche.2021.108710.[32] N. C. S. Mykytczuk, P. L. Trevors, and E. B. Twiss, “Fluorescence polarization in studies of bacterial cytoplasmic membrane fluidity under environmental stress,” Prog. Biophys. Mol. Biol., vol. 95, no. 1–3, pp. 60–82, 2007. doi: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2007.03.001.[33] S. Njobdi, N. T. J. Jebin, and A. J. Ishaku, “Antibacterial Activity of Zingiber officinale on Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus,” J. Adv. Biol. Biotechnol., vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 1–8, 2018. doi: 10.9734/jabb/2018/39840.[34] G. Kumaravel, R. R. Mounika, S. Harini, and K. K. Nithya, “Bioorganic Chemistry Exploiting the biological efficacy of benzimidazole based Schiff base complexes with L-Histidine as a co-ligand: Combined molecular docking, DNA interaction, antimicrobial and cytotoxic studies,” Bioorg. 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Analysis of Chemistry Podcast Implementation in Learning Hydrocarbons and Petroleum for Inclusive Students Septianing, Pingki Wahyu; Saputro, Sulistyo; Mahardiani, Lina; Indriyanti, Nurma Yunita; Desti, Icha
JKPK (Jurnal Kimia dan Pendidikan Kimia) Vol 9, No 2 (2024): JKPK (Jurnal Kimia dan Pendidikan Kimia)
Publisher : Program Studi Pendidikan Kimia FKIP Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/jkpk.v9i2.88340

This research aims to conduct a feasibility analysis of a chemistry podcast, referred to here as “PodChem,” and to examine the impact of PodChem on learning hydrocarbons and petroleum. This study employs a pre-experimental method. The podcast media were developed using Anchor software and evaluated through a survey using a podcast media assessment questionnaire. The evaluation was carried out by lecturers as validators and students as podcast users. The assessed aspects include content, functionality, and appearance as complementary media in learning hydrocarbons and petroleum. The results indicate that the chemistry podcast PodChem was successfully produced using Anchor software. The findings suggest that PodChem is valid and suitable for educational use. The audio quality produced using Anchor is clear, and its accessibility is broad. Additionally, students reported that the content is relevant and enhances their understanding of the subject matter. Most students also found the podcast to be easily accessible and effective in conveying the concept. In terms of appearance, students agreed that the podcast title is engaging, the delivery is captivating, and the duration is appropriate. The implementation of PodChem in chemistry learning received positive feedback from students, with the majority accepting the use of podcast media in the classroom. Furthermore, 88.9% of respondents expressed a desire for podcasts to be used as complementary media in future learning, as they found podcasts to be more interesting, insightful, and easy to understand. These conclusions are supported by the results of student questionnaires and the assessment of assignments conducted by teachers in class.

The Effect of Variation Concentration of Simplex Syrup on the Physicochemical Stability of Nanosilver Syrup Ermawati, Dian Eka; Hanuriansyah, Yavi; Susanto, Nindita Clourisa Amaris; Rochmani, Sholichah; Utami, Diyah Tri; Zulpadly, M. Fiqri; Sasongko, Heru; Darojati, Ulfa Afrinurfadhilah; Meitasari, Annisa Diyan; Untari, Meta Kartika
JKPK (Jurnal Kimia dan Pendidikan Kimia) Vol 9, No 2 (2024): JKPK (Jurnal Kimia dan Pendidikan Kimia)
Publisher : Program Studi Pendidikan Kimia FKIP Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/jkpk.v9i2.84012

Inulin from Gembili has been identified as an effective bioreductor for forming nanosilver with a size of 481.4 nm, stable for 30 days when stored at 4°C. Inulin nanosilver exhibits immunomodulatory properties and has been proven safe through acute toxicity evaluation at a dose of 4 mg/kgBB. A drug delivery system needs to be developed for its use as a supplement. Syrup was chosen due to its alcohol-free nature, better taste, and ease of measuring the active substance compared to elixirs, solutions, and suspensions. Simplex syrupus, used as a syrup base, influences stability by potentially forming crystals during storage. This research aims to determine how varying concentrations of simplex syrupus affect the physicochemical properties of inulin nanosilver syrup. The study involved the biosynthesis process using Gembili's inulin, nanosilver characterization, formulation, and stability testing. Inulin nanosilver syrup was prepared with simplex syrupus concentrations of 20%, 40%, and 60%. The physicochemical stability of the syrup, including organoleptic properties, pH, and viscosity, was tested before and after storage at 4°C and 40°C over six cycles. The selected formula was evaluated for sugar reduction content and FT-IR profile. Data analysis was performed using SPSS 21.0 for Windows with One-way ANOVA and Paired T-Test. Results indicated that higher concentrations of simplex syrupus led to increased consistency, pH, and viscosity. A 60% concentration of simplex syrupus met the physicochemical stability requirements, with a medium-thick consistency, pH of 5.25±0.03, and viscosity of 92±2.6 cps. The reducing sugar content was 20.59% ±0.002, and the FT-IR profile confirmed the presence of inulin nanosilver, indicated by Ag-N groups compared to silver nitrate solution. This product has the potential to be developed as a health supplement.

Isolation and Characterization of Cellulose from Golden Melon (Cucumis melo L.) Fruit Peel Using Microwave-Assisted Extraction Fadilah, Nurul; Purwaningsih, Henny; Kemala, Tetty
JKPK (Jurnal Kimia dan Pendidikan Kimia) Vol 11, No 1 (2026): JKPK (Jurnal Kimia dan Pendidikan Kimia)
Publisher : Program Studi Pendidikan Kimia FKIP Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/jkpk.v11i1.106706

Golden melon (Cucumis melo L.) peel represents a promising source of cellulose derived from agricultural by-products. This study aimed to identify a favorable NaOH concentration for cellulose isolation using microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), as well as to evaluate the resulting cellulose in terms of yield, composition, and crystallinity. The extraction was conducted at 450 W using NaOH concentrations of 4%, 8%, and 10%. A relatively high cellulose yield (41.87 ± 0.16%) was obtained with 8% NaOH, accompanied by improved purity, as indicated by the relatively high cellulose content (76.51%) and low lignin content (8.47%). Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) analysis confirmed the presence of characteristic cellulose functional groups along with a reduction in lignin-related peaks. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis indicated increased crystallinity after treatment, with crystallinity indices of 52.5%, 51.8%, and 40.3% for 4%, 8%, and 10% NaOH, respectively. SEM analysis of the 8% NaOH sample showed a rough and porous morphology, likely associated with the removal of non-cellulosic components. These findings suggest that MAE is a potentially effective approach for cellulose isolation from golden melon peel, with 8% NaOH representing a favorable condition within the studied parameters based on a balance of yield, purity, and crystallinity.

The Effect of Voltage on HDPE Microplastic Removal by Electrocoagulation Process Using Stainless Steel Electrode Syaputra, Mei Dian; Pranoto, Pranoto; Kusumaningsih, Triana
JKPK (Jurnal Kimia dan Pendidikan Kimia) Vol 9, No 3 (2024): JKPK (Jurnal Kimia dan Pendidikan Kimia)
Publisher : Program Studi Pendidikan Kimia FKIP Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/jkpk.v9i3.95017

Plastic pollution, especially high-density polyethylene (HDPE), is highly concerned with human health and ecosystems. This study investigates the potential of the electrocoagulation process on the removal of HDPE microplastics from water, evaluating the best operating conditions, including the voltage (4, 8, and 12 V), time (40, 80, and 120 minutes), and pH (3, 5, 7, and 9) to achieve the maximum removal efficiency. Coagulation experiments were conducted in the electrolytic cell, using stainless steel and aluminum electrodes, while Na₂SO₄ served as the electrolyte. Because loss of surface area and change in structure was more evident in fragmented flake and granular microplastics (FTIR and SEM analyses), those microplastics were more retained in the swollen coagulant. The alkaline condition also supports the highest removal efficiency of 96.60% when the pH, voltage, and duration were 9, 8V, and 120 minutes, respectively, as experienced in addition to 0.1g of carbon CTO5 in the study. Conclusions Our findings show that electrocoagulation works best at a medium voltage and in alkaline pH conditions. Under low pH conditions, the removal is not notably influenced by the applied voltage, whereas under neutral and alkaline conditions, removal is significantly enhanced with increased voltage. Moreover, the stainless steel electrodes were more corrosion-resistant than aluminum, thus making the process more sustainable. The results indicate that electrocoagulation represents an environmentally friendly, effective microplastic removal method under the right voltage, time, and pH conditions. Such techniques are an effective strategy that helps reduce water contamination and conserve ecosystems.

Effect of Phosphoric Acid (H3PO4) Activation on the Preparation of Activated Carbon from Gymnostoma Rumphianum Wood Tengker, Soenandar Milian Tompunu; Lumingas, Pamela; Tuerah, Jeanne Maria; Jannah, Miftahul; Rampengan, Alfrie Musa
JKPK (Jurnal Kimia dan Pendidikan Kimia) Vol 10, No 2 (2025): JKPK (Jurnal Kimia dan Pendidikan Kimia)
Publisher : Program Studi Pendidikan Kimia FKIP Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/jkpk.v10i2.107623

The utilization of Roya wood branches (RWB) as raw material for activated charcoal production has not yet been optimized in North Sulawesi, specifically in Wulauan Village, North Tondano District. This study aims to present the results of the analysis of the physical and chemical properties, X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), and Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) of RWB-based activated charcoal. The production of activated charcoal was conducted in three stages: sample preparation, pyrolysis of RWB at a temperature of 365°C for approximately 3 hours, and activation of RWB charcoal using phosphoric acid (H₃PO₄) at concentrations of 1%, 2%, and 3% for 24 hours. The analysis of physical and chemical properties of both non-activated and H₃PO₄-activated RWB activated charcoal showed that the best quality was obtained at a 3% activator concentration, with a moisture content of 0.1683%, ash content of 2.3321%, volatile matter content (VMC) of 0.9429%, fixed carbon (FC) content of 96.7250%, and iodine adsorption capacity (IAC) of 10,535 mg/g, all of which meet the SNI 06-3037-1995 for activated charcoal. XRD analysis showed that non-activated RWB charcoal had three broad diffraction peaks in the ranges of 9–14°, 20–25°, and 35–50°, along with one sharp peak in the range of 25–30°. After activation with H₃PO₄, only three broad diffraction peaks were observed at 9–14°, 20–25°, and 35–50° for all three H₃PO₄ concentration variations.TEM analysis indicated that non-activated RWB charcoal had particle sizes ranging from 20–33 nm, while after activation with 1% H₃PO₄, the particle sizes ranged from 41–51 nm..

Application of Culturally Responsive Transformative Teaching (CRTT) Model Assisted by Podcast and E-Assessment to Improve Students Science Literacy and Critical Thinking Rahmawati, Hanika Diba; Yamtinah, Sri; Widarti, Hayuni Retno; Wiyarsih, Antuni; Shidiq, Ari Syahidul
JKPK (Jurnal Kimia dan Pendidikan Kimia) Vol 11, No 1 (2026): JKPK (Jurnal Kimia dan Pendidikan Kimia)
Publisher : Program Studi Pendidikan Kimia FKIP Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/jkpk.v11i1.116813

This study investigates the implementation of the Culturally Responsive Transformative Teaching (CRTT) model integrated with podcast media, culture-based worksheets (LKPD), and e-assessment in relation to students’ science literacy and critical thinking skills. A quasi experimental design with a non-equivalent group structure was employed, involving 72 students from two classes, consisting of one experimental group receiving the integrated intervention and one comparison group experiencing conventional instruction. Podcast media were used to deliver contextual and narrative-based content on global warming, while CRTT stages cultural understanding, collaboration, and transformative construction guided classroom activities. Student outcomes were measured using science literacy and critical thinking tests administered through e-assessment. Data were analyzed using the Kruskal–Wallis test to compare differences between groups for each dependent variable. The results indicated statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) in both science literacy and critical thinking scores between the experimental and comparison groups. However, given that the intervention simultaneously combined multiple components (CRTT model, podcast media, culture-based LKPD, and e-assessment), the observed effects cannot be attributed to a single instructional element in isolation.Overall, the findings suggest that the integrated approach is associated with improved student outcomes, although further research using more controlled designs is needed to disentangle the specific contribution of each component.

Profiling Multicomponent Chemical Reasoning: A Learning Analytics Approach to Applied and Socio-Chemical Dimensions Hidayat, Nur; Sumarni, Woro; Rahayu, Endah Fitriani; Kadarwati, Sri; Kasmui, Kasmui; Ramadhani, Dimas Gilang
JKPK (Jurnal Kimia dan Pendidikan Kimia) Vol 10, No 2 (2025): JKPK (Jurnal Kimia dan Pendidikan Kimia)
Publisher : Program Studi Pendidikan Kimia FKIP Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/jkpk.v10i2.104248

Scientific reasoning in chemistry involves the ability to apply conceptual knowledge in problem-solving, as well as to evaluate issues within broader social, ethical, and environmental contexts. However, conventional assessments often fail to capture this multidimensionality by reducing performance to a single final score. This study uses an integrated learning analytics approach to analyze students’ reasoning performance across two core domains of chemistry learning—applied reasoning and socio-chemical reasoning. A quantitative descriptive design was employed, involving 56 pre-service chemistry teachers who completed four open-ended essay questions, two in each reasoning domain. Student responses were scored using an analytical rubric assessing conceptual accuracy, logical coherence, and justification relevance. Data were analyzed using single-domain and multicomponent strategies, including quadrant profiling, trajectory mapping, clustering, and distribution analysis. Visual tools such as radar charts, spaghetti plots, contour density plots, and alluvial diagrams were used to depict students’ reasoning profiles. Results revealed that most students demonstrated moderate reasoning abilities, although notable inconsistencies were observed between the domains. Individual trajectories exhibited non-linear variations, highlighting diverse cognitive patterns. Clustering and heatmaps indicated distinct learner segments, while alluvial diagrams illustrated transitions between reasoning levels across domains. These findings suggest that students’ reasoning abilities are varied and dynamic. It is concluded that chemistry reasoning is multidimensional and should be assessed through integrated, data-driven methods. The study recommends the adoption of formative, analytics-supported assessments to inform differentiated instruction and promote deeper conceptual and ethical engagement in chemistry education.

The Effect of Coagulant Particle Size, Coagulant and Flocculant Dose on Remazol Yellow Dye Removal Effectiveness Wijaya, Khalida; Fardiyah, Qonitah; Rumhayati, Barlah
JKPK (Jurnal Kimia dan Pendidikan Kimia) Vol 10, No 3 (2025): JKPK (Jurnal Kimia dan Pendidikan Kimia)
Publisher : Program Studi Pendidikan Kimia FKIP Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/jkpk.v10i3.109798

Textile dye effluents are hazardous because many residual dyes are persistent, toxic, and potentially carcinogenic. This study assessed an environmentally friendly coagulation flocculation route to remove Remazol Yellow, an azo dye used in the batik industry in South Sulawesi, by substituting synthetic reagents with papaya (Carica papaya) seeds as a coagulant and Aloe vera gel as a flocculant. FTIR confirmed hydroxyl, carboxyl, and amine groups in papaya seeds, while Aloe vera gel was dominated by polysaccharide and carboxylate features. Jar tests were performed at room temperature using an initial dye concentration of 30 mg L−1. Coagulation was conducted for 5 min at 950 rpm, followed by flocculation for 30 min at 125 rpm and sedimentation for 30 min. Residual dye was measured by UV Vis spectrophotometry at 417 nm. Operational variables were optimized, including coagulant particle size (30 to 100 mesh), papaya seed dose (10 to 50 mg L−1), and Aloe vera gel dose (10 to 60 g L−1). The optimum particle size was 70 mesh, giving 60.4 percent removal. The optimum papaya seed dose was 20 mg L−1 with 83.5 percent removal, and the optimum Aloe vera gel dose was 50 g L−1, achieving 97.4 percent removal. These results demonstrate the potential of papaya seeds and Aloe vera gel as effective and sustainable materials for batik dye wastewater treatment.

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