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Asian Journal of Agriculture
Published by Universitas Mulawarman
ISSN : -     EISSN : 25804537     DOI : -
Core Subject : Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry
Aims and Scope Asian Journal of Agriculture encourages submission of manuscripts dealing with all aspects to optimizing the quality and quantity of both plant and animal yield and final products, including agricultural economics and management, agricultural engineering and mechanization, agronomy and crop science, fish breeding, poultry breeding, plants and animals breeding, biotechnology, molecular biology, genetic diversity and breeding, food science and technology, land resources, land use, and remote sensing, plant pathology and pest management, microbiology, virology and bacteriology, organic agriculture, ecology and ecophysiology, physiology and nutrition, post-harvest technology, soil sciences, soilless culture, tissue culture technology, phytoremediation, and water management.
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Articles 108 Documents
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First global report of multiple herbicide resistance in Eleusine indica biotypes from Indonesia BUDIAWAN, ARI; KURNIAIDE, DENNY; UMIYATI, UUM; WIDIANTO, RYAN
Asian Journal of Agriculture Vol. 9 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/asianjagric/g090230

Abstract

Abstract. Budiawan A, Kurniaide D, Umiyati U, Widianto R. 2025. First global report of multiple herbicide resistance in Eleusine indica biotypes from Indonesia. Asian J Agric 9: 629-635. Eleusine indica (goosegrass) is a major weed in maize cultivation and has evolved resistance to several herbicides worldwide. However, resistance to atrazine (a photosystem II inhibitor) and mesotrione (a 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase inhibitor) has not previously been reported. This study aimed to verify farmer observations of reduced herbicide efficacy by screening 49 E. indica biotypes collected from six maize-producing provinces in Indonesia. A resistant biotype of the test sample was collected from maize fields following farmers' reports of lower efficacy of these herbicides. Greenhouse bioassays were conducted using atrazine (1,200 g a.i. ha-1) and mesotrione (150 g a.i. ha-1) at the 2-3 leaf stage. Resistance was classified based on plant survival three weeks after herbicide application. Screening results indicated the presence of 30 E. indica biotypes exhibiting resistance to atrazine, 13 of which demonstrated signs of developing resistance, and 6 were susceptible. For mesotrione, 4 biotypes were resistant, 2 were showing signs of resistance, and 43 were susceptible. A total of 4 biotypes originating from South Sulawesi exhibited resistance to atrazine and mesotrione in a multiple-resistant pattern. Notably, 4 biotypes from South Sulawesi exhibited multiple resistance to both herbicides. This study represents the first global report of E. indica multiple resistant to atrazine and mesotrione, particularly in Indonesia. The declining effectiveness of these key herbicides highlights the urgent need for Integrated Weed Management (IWM) strategies that combine chemical rotation, mixtures with complementary modes of action, and non-chemical practices to mitigate the further spread of resistance.
Gibberellin and potassium sorbate synergy for parthenocarpy and sugar enhancement in Bali grapes, Indonesia KAMUHI, RINI HERMINA; DWIYANI, RINDANG; DARMAWATI, IDA AYU PUTRI
Asian Journal of Agriculture Vol. 9 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/asianjagric/g090223

Abstract

Abstract. Kamuhi RH, Dwiyani R, Darmawati IAP. 2025. Gibberellin and potassium sorbate synergy for parthenocarpy and sugar enhancement in Bali grapes, Indonesia. Asian J Agric 9: 568-581. Bali grape (Vitis vinifera L. var. Alphonso Lavallee) is a high-value horticultural commodity; however, its fruit quality, particularly sweetness and seed content, often falls short of consumer expectations. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of gibberellin (GA3) and potassium sorbate applications on parthenocarpy induction and sugar content enhancement. The experiment employed a factorial randomized complete block design with two factors: GA3 concentrations (0, 50, 100, and 150 ppm) and potassium sorbate concentrations (0 and 0.3%), each with five replications, resulting in 40 experimental units. Results showed that both GA3 and potassium sorbate significantly affected cluster and fruit characteristics, including cluster length, pedicel length, fruit number and weight, as well as seed number and weight. The interaction between the two treatments had a significant effect on berry diameter, number of millerandage (undeveloped) berries, and sugar content. The combined application of 150 ppm GA3 and 0.3% potassium sorbate increased berry diameter to approximately 19 mm and sugar content by about 38% to 19°Brix, while reducing the number of millerandage berries to 1.60 per cluster. GA3 at 150 ppm effectively reduced seed number and seed weight, while increasing fruit number, fruit weight, cluster weight, and cluster size. Potassium sorbate also contributed to improving the physical quality of the fruit. These findings indicate a synergistic effect between GA3 and potassium sorbate. The combined application, which is both practical and cost-effective, offers a promising agronomic strategy to improve the fruit quality of Bali grape, thereby enhancing its competitiveness in both domestic and international.
Shifting cultivation and soil conservation strategies among Papuan communities, Indonesia MAHMUD, MAHMUD; ENDAYANI, SRI; STEFANO, ANDREW; LAKEHU, AMALIA; MUTAKIM, MUTAKIM; WAHYUDI, WAHYUDI; HUSODO, SUSILO BUDI; MOELJONO, SOETJIPTO
Asian Journal of Agriculture Vol. 9 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/asianjagric/g090235

Abstract

Abstract. Mahmud, Endayani S, Stefano A, Lakehu A, Mutakim, Wahyudi, Husodo SB, Moeljono S. 2025. Shifting cultivation and soil conservation strategies among Papuan communities, Indonesia. Asian J Agric 9: 671-682. Local Papuan communities in Indonesia, rely heavily on land resources for food security, yet shifting cultivation remains the dominant practice. This system, while traditional, often leads to soil nutrient depletion, reduced productivity, and increased deforestation. To understand the dynamics of local farming practices, this study applied interviews, surveys, and participatory approaches with farmers and community members. Findings reveal that short-term crops such as long beans, peanuts, cabbage, chilies, and sweet potatoes dominate cultivation, contributing to rapid soil fertility loss. In contrast, perennial crops such as Areca catechu, Musa paradisiaca, Nephelium lappaceum, and Artocarpus altilis are typically maintained in fixed plots without being shifted. To address soil degradation, the study proposes several conservation strategies. These include mulching to retain soil moisture, living fences and cover crops to minimize erosion, intercropping to diversify yields and improve nutrient cycling, and the integration of Multipurpose Tree Species (MPTS) and hedgerows to restore long-term soil fertility. Collectively, these measures can reduce the necessity for continuous land clearing and help communities move toward more sustainable sedentary agricultural systems. Beyond technical solutions, the research highlights the importance of strengthening community awareness about forest and soil conservation. Transitioning away from shifting cultivation not only improves land productivity but also contributes to broader ecological resilience. By adopting integrated conservation practices, Papuan farmers can secure food production, maintain forest ecosystems, and develop more sustainable livelihoods in harmony with their environment.
Genetic diversity and relationships among native Dendrobium species from Bali, Indonesia, using SSR markers DARMAWATI, IDA AYU PUTRI; DWIYANI, RINDANG; PRADNYAWATHI, NI LUH MADE; FITRIANI, YUYUN; LISTIHANI, LISTIHANI; KAMUHI, RINI HERMINA
Asian Journal of Agriculture Vol. 9 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/asianjagric/g090200

Abstract

Abstract. Darmawati IAP, Dwiyani R, Pradnyawathi NLM, Fitriani Y, Listihani L, Kamuhi RH. 2025. Genetic diversity and relationships among native Dendrobium species from Bali, Indonesia, using SSR markers. Asian J Agric 9: 917-924. Bali, Indonesia, has significant potential for the development of orchid cultivation, particularly through the production of hybrids that meet market preferences. Among various orchid genera, Dendrobium holds major economic and horticultural importance due to its wide adaptability, aesthetic value, and high demand in both domestic and international markets. Wild Dendrobium species represent an invaluable source of germplasm that can be used for interspecific hybridization and the development of new cultivars with desirable characteristics such as flower color, shape, and durability. However, the lack of information on the genetic diversity of native Dendrobium species in Bali limits their effective use in breeding and conservation programs. This study aimed to evaluate the genetic diversity and relationships among 24 native Dendrobium species collected from 12 forest areas across Bali using Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) markers. The molecular analysis revealed high genetic variation, with 86.21 percent of loci showing polymorphism and moderate heterozygosity across populations. Genetic similarity coefficients among species ranged from 0.66 to 0.97. The highest genetic similarity was observed between Dendrobium sp. Wanagiri and Dendrobium sp. Sepang, while D. fimbriatum was identified as the most genetically distinct species. These findings demonstrate a broad genetic base among Bali’s native Dendrobium species, indicating their strong potential as parental resources in hybrid breeding programs. The study also provides valuable molecular data that support the conservation and sustainable utilization of Bali’s native orchid germplasm for future cultivation and breeding initiatives.
Dietary lotus seed powder enhances semen quality and storage stability in Mia roosters NHAN, PHAN; TRI, NGUYEN MINH
Asian Journal of Agriculture Vol. 9 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/asianjagric/g090226

Abstract

Abstract. Nhan P, Tri NM. 2025. Dietary lotus seed powder enhances semen quality and storage stability in Mia roosters. Asian J Agric 9: 598-606. Semen quality, a key determinant of reproductive efficiency in poultry, plays a crucial role in breeding programs and in the conservation of indigenous genetic resources. Natural dietary supplements with antioxidant activity may improve sperm function and preservation. Lotus seed powder (Nelumbinis semen) is rich in bioactive compounds with antioxidant and membrane-stabilizing properties, but its effects on avian reproduction remain unexplored. This study represents the first report in avian species evaluating the impact of dietary lotus seed powder supplementation on semen quality and storage stability in Mia roosters, a Vietnamese indigenous breed. Thirty healthy roosters (10-11 months) were fed either a control diet or diets supplemented with 2% or 4% lotus seed powder for 60 days. Semen was collected every three days and assessed for volume, concentration, motility parameters, morphology, viability, membrane integrity, and chilled storage stability (0-24 h at 4°C). Compared with the control (C), T2 showed higher semen volume (0.48±0.05 mL vs 0.42±0.05 mL), sperm concentration (3.47±0.27×109/mL vs 3.21±0.26×109/mL), VSL (46.25±3.15 µm/s vs 42.35±3.12 µm/s), and viability (91.03±2.68% vs 87.46±2.85%). Abnormal morphology decreased from 9.84±1.21% in C to 8.15±1.12% in T2. Motility after 24 h storage remained higher in T2 (63.20±4.15%) compared with C (51.81±4.91%). Dietary lotus seed powder, particularly at 4% inclusion, significantly improves semen quality by enhancing sperm motility, viability, and membrane integrity, while also prolonging chilled storage stability in Mia roosters. These outcomes underscore its potential as a natural reproductive enhancer with applications in Artificial Insemination (AI) and the conservation of indigenous poultry genetic resources.
Weeds in oil palm plantations and their antifungal activity against Ganoderma boninense SINONG, GRACE FLAVYELIZ; SAHRIR, MUHD ARIF SHAFFIQ; YUSOFF, NORNASUHA; ADIWENA, MUH; ALI, NUSAIBAH SYD; IBRAHIM, MOHAMAD HILMI; AWANG, AZWAN; RAKIB, MOHD. RASHID MOHD.
Asian Journal of Agriculture Vol. 10 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/asianjagric/g100102

Abstract

Abstract. Sinong GF, Sahrir MAS, Yusoff N, Adiwena M, Ali NS, Ibrahim MH, Awang A, Rakib MRM. 2026. Weeds in oil palm plantations and their antifungal activity against Ganoderma boninense. Asian J Agric 10: g100102. https://doi.org/10.13057/asianjagric/g100102. Basal Stem Rot (BSR) caused by Ganoderma boninense remains the most destructive disease of oil palm, threatening global palm oil production. Current management strategies have proven largely ineffective in providing long-term disease control, highlighting the urgent need for sustainable approaches based on natural bioactive compounds. Plant-derived metabolites represent a promising alternative due to their natural antifungal properties, environmental safety, and potential compatibility with integrated disease management systems. Weeds, in particular, are often resilient to pathogens and may serve as unexplored reservoirs of bioactive compounds with antifungal potential. The present study aimed to identify weed species associated with healthy oil palm trees and evaluate their extracts’ in vitro antifungal properties against G. boninense. Three weed species, namely Hoya carnosa (W16), Ischaemum muticum (W18), and Polygala paniculata (W19), were found exclusively in association with healthy oil palm trees. Their crude extracts were evaluated in vitro against G. boninense using solvents of varying polarity. Among them, P. paniculata exhibited the strongest antifungal activity, with both aerial and below-ground parts showing pronounced inhibition. Below-ground part extracts consistently outperformed aerial parts, particularly when extracted with methanol, which yielded the highest inhibition and lowest EC50 values, suggesting a higher concentration of bioactive metabolites in root tissues. The observed antifungal efficacy correlated with solvent polarity, emphasizing the importance of targeted extraction in isolating effective phytochemicals. These findings indicate that P. paniculata, especially its methanolic root extract, represents a promising source of natural antifungal compounds. The study highlights the potential of weed plants as unconventional reservoirs of bioactive metabolites and provides a foundation for developing eco-friendly, broad-spectrum fungicides to combat G. boninense, thereby advancing sustainable disease management in oil palm plantations.
Soil acidification and nutrient imbalance under intensive black pepper plantations in the Central Highlands of Vietnam LONG, NGUYEN VAN; DO, NGUYEN; ANH, NGUYEN THI VAN; HANH, DINH THI NGOC; CUONG, VO CHI; NGOC, NGUYEN QUANG; VAN, NGUYEN THI CAM
Asian Journal of Agriculture Vol. 9 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/asianjagric/g090200

Abstract

Abstract. Long NV, Do N, Anh NTV, Hanh DTN, Cuong VC, Ngoc NQ, Van NTC. 2025. Soil acidification and nutrient imbalance under intensive black pepper plantations in the Central Highlands of Vietnam. Asian J Agric 9: 906-916. Black pepper, Vietnam's most valuable spice crop, is concentrated in the Central Highlands, where it plays a significant role in global supply, yet its long-term productivity is increasingly constrained by soil degradation. However, production is increasingly threatened by soil degradation and rising disease pressure. To evaluate substantial constraints, the soil fertility in 150 intensive black pepper plantations across Dak Lak, Dak Nong, and Gia Lai was assessed based on key physicochemical properties. Results revealed three critical constraints: (i) strong to very strong soil acidification (pH 3.55-6.40), (ii) low Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC 2.50-14.50 Cmolc kg-¹), and (iii) pronounced nutrient imbalances. Excessive phosphorus occurred in 82% of samples, while potassium deficiency affected up to 57.6% of plantations, with calcium and magnesium ratios varying substantially among provinces. Organic matter levels were generally adequate but unevenly distributed. Correlation and principal component analyses highlighted soil pH and organic matter as the primary regulators of nutrient availability. Notably, Dak Lak exhibited the strongest acidity and lowest CEC, Dak Nong showed more balanced fertility with higher CEC, and Gia Lai displayed higher nutrient levels but greater variability among farms. These constraints collectively reduce nutrient efficiency, weaken crop resilience, and intensify vulnerability to soilborne diseases. Practical interventions should therefore prioritize correcting acidity, enhancing buffering capacity, and managing nutrients in a balanced manner to sustain productivity and safeguard soil health. The findings provide an essential evidence base for soil restoration and sustainable intensification of black pepper cultivation in Vietnam's Central Highlands.
Leveraging farmer federation to social capital and motivation enhancement for sustainable Ipomoea reptans farming in East Java, Indonesia SUSANTO, HERI; SYAHRIAL, RAMON; DIANTO, ANDRI KRISNA
Asian Journal of Agriculture Vol. 9 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/asianjagric/g090253

Abstract

Abstract. Susanto H, Syahrial R, Dianto AK. 2025. Leveraging farmer federation to social capital and motivation enhancement for sustainable Ipomoea reptans farming in East Java, Indonesia. Asian J Agric 9: 870-880. This study examines the relationships between social capital, farmer motivation, and the mediating role of Farmer Group Federations (Gapoktan) in improving the productivity and sustainability of Ipomoea reptans farming in Balongpanggang, Indonesia. A mixed-methods design was employed using census data from 35 farmers and analyzed through Structural Equation Modeling Partial Least Squares (SEM PLS). The findings show that social capital has a positive and significant association with Gapoktan partnerships, while farmer motivation does not show a significant direct relationship. Gapoktan partnerships significantly improve agricultural productivity and the adoption of sustainable practices. Gapoktan also mediates the relationship between farmer motivation and productivity but does not mediate the relationships between motivation and sustainability or between social capital and either outcome. These results indicate that Gapoktan serves as an important institutional mechanism that converts collective farmer relationships into productive outcomes, with social capital emerging as a stronger predictor than individual motivation. Strengthening Gapoktan’s institutional capacity is therefore essential to optimize farmer networks, reinforce collective action, and promote sustainable agricultural development. The study highlights the need for institutional strengthening in rural farming systems to translate social assets into measurable gains in productivity and sustainability.
Growth and mycoremediation activity of Panaeolus antillarum on lead-contaminated coconut water media BUSTILLOS, REYNANTE G.
Asian Journal of Agriculture Vol. 10 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/asianjagric/g100104

Abstract

Abstract. Bustillos RG. 2026. Growth and mycoremediation activity of Panaeolus antillarum on lead-contaminated coconut water media. Asian J Agric 10: g100104. https://doi.org/10.13057/asianjagric/g100104. This study investigated the mycoremediation potential of lead (Pb) using the coprophilous mushroom Panaeolus antillarum cultivated in solid and liquid coconut water media. Mycelial growth performance, including mycelial diameter, dry biomass, and volume loss, was evaluated under different Pb concentrations of 1 ppm, 10 ppm, 100 ppm, and 1000 ppm using coconut water gulaman as solid medium and coconut water as liquid medium. In addition, Pb accumulation in the mycelia was quantified to assess bioaccumulation capacity. Statistical analysis showed that the highest mycelial diameter and thickness were recorded at 1 ppm Pb (77.0 mm), which was not significantly different from the control without Pb (79.50 mm). In contrast, no substantial mycelial growth was observed at 1000 ppm Pb, indicating strong inhibitory effects at high metal concentration. Among all Pb-contaminated treatments, the 1 ppm medium produced the highest mycelial biomass (1.82 g) and volume loss (8.52 mL). Maximum Pb bioaccumulation was significantly recorded at 100 ppm (268 mg/kg), whereas lower accumulation capacity was observed at reduced Pb concentrations, particularly at 1 ppm (11.0 mg/kg). Notably, the detectable Pb content in mycelia grown at 1000 ppm was attributed mainly to passive adsorption rather than active uptake, as excessive Pb levels severely suppressed biomass production. Overall, the observed tolerance to Pb stress and the ability to accumulate Pb indicate that P. antillarum exhibits substantial heavy metal resistance and mycoaccumulation potential, supporting its applicability in mycoremediation strategies for Pb-contaminated substrates.
Rhizosphere microbial functional traits associated with basal stem rot suppression in oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) RAMDAN, EVAN PURNAMA; GIYANTO, GIYANTO; HARTONO, ARIEF; HIDAYAT, SRI HENDRASTUTI; WIDODO, WIDODO
Asian Journal of Agriculture Vol. 10 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/asianjagric/g100105

Abstract

Abstract. Ramdan EP, Giyanto, Hartono A, Hidayat SH, Widodo. 2026. Rhizosphere microbial functional traits associated with basal stem rot suppression in oil palm (Elaeis guineensis). Asian J Agric 10 (1): g100105. https://doi.org/10.13057/asianjagric/g100105. This study aimed to investigate the abundance, diversity, and functional characteristics of rhizospheric microbial communities associated with different levels of Basal Stem Rot (BSR) disease incidence in oil palm plantations, with the understanding that the observed relationships represent associations rather than causal effects. Rhizospheric microbial communities play an essential role in soil health and disease suppression in oil palm plantations. Fifteen composite soil samples were collected from three field blocks with low, moderate, and high BSR incidence in the Rejosari Unit, PT Perkebunan Nusantara VII, Lampung, Indonesia. Microbial populations were quantified using standard plate counts, while diversity indices were assessed using the Shannon-Wiener, evenness, and dominance indices based on morphospecies counts. The results showed that total microbial, bacterial, and fungal populations were significantly higher in soils with low disease incidence (4.99×10⁷, 4.94×10⁷, and 5.18×10⁵ CFU g-¹, respectively) compared to moderate and high categories. Soils with low BSR incidence also exhibited greater microbial and bacterial diversity (H′=1.07 and 0.74) and lower dominance, indicating a more balanced community structure. Non-pathogenic, antagonistic, and Volatile Organic Compound (VOC)-producing microbes predominated in low-incidence soils, contributing to natural disease suppression. LASSO regression identified VOC-producing and antagonistic microbes as predictors associated with BSR incidence, whereas correlation analysis revealed a significant negative association only for VOC-producing microbes (r=-0.60, p=0.02). Nitrogen-fixing microbes were positively associated with disease severity (r=0.63, p=0.01). Although causality was not tested, the results suggest that reduced BSR incidence was more closely associated with specific functional microbial groups, particularly VOC-producing microbes, than with overall microbial abundance or diversity, emphasizing that soil management strategies that support beneficial functional microbial groups may contribute to enhanced soil resilience.

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