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Jurnal Praksis dan Dedikasi Sosial
Published by Universitas Negeri Malang
ISSN : -     EISSN : 26552469     DOI : https://doi.org/10.17977
Core Subject : Education, Social,
Environmental Science Social Sciences Other
Jurnal Praksis dan Dedikasi Sosial (JPDS) is a journal focused on articles of research and community service in the field of social science (Ideology, Citizenship, Human Geography, History, Social Studies, Sociology, Politics, Education and Humaniora).
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Sosial - Ilmu Sosial (Lain-Lain)
Articles 280 Documents
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Menghadapi ancaman siber di era society 5.0: Inovasi strategi diplomasi pertahanan untuk stabilitas sosial Aritonang, Alice Agatha Delfreeta
Jurnal Praksis dan Dedikasi Sosial Vol. 8 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17977/um022v8i12025p118-132

Abstract

Addressing cyber threats in the society 5.0 era: Strategic innovations in defense diplomacy for social stability The Society 5.0 era introduces the integration of advanced technologies such as Artificial Intelligence (AI), the Internet of Things (IoT), big data, and robotics into the social, political, and economic spheres of global society. Japan, as the pioneer of Society 5.0, formulated this concept as a response to various social challenges, including those related to security and defense diplomacy. This article examines the implications of Society 5.0 for defense diplomacy, particularly in strategies for cyber and non-traditional security, aimed at safeguarding national security and social stability amid technological change. Using a literature review approach and secondary data analysis, this study identifies three key strategies: national security, technological enhancement, and international collaboration. The analysis reveals that defense diplomacy now involves collaborative approaches and digital strategy to respond to modern threats. These findings highlight the importance of international cooperation and increased technological literacy at the community level to support social security in the Society 5.0 era. Era Society 5.0 memperkenalkan integrasi teknologi tinggi seperti kecerdasan buatan (AI), Internet of Things (IoT), big data, dan robotika dalam kehidupan sosial, politik, dan ekonomi masyarakat global. Jepang sebagai pelopor Society 5.0 merumuskan konsep ini sebagai jawaban atas berbagai tantangan sosial, termasuk di bidang keamanan dan diplomasi pertahanan. Artikel ini mengkaji implikasi Society 5.0 dalam diplomasi pertahanan, khususnya pada strategi keamanan siber dan non-tradisional, yang bertujuan untuk melindungi keamanan nasional dan stabilitas sosial di tengah perubahan teknologi. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan literature review dan analisis data sekunder, penelitian ini menemukan tiga strategi utama: keamanan nasional, penguatan teknologi, dan kolaborasi internasional. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa diplomasi pertahanan kini melibatkan pendekatan kolaboratif dan strategi digital untuk merespons ancaman modern. Temuan ini menegaskan pentingnya kolaborasi internasional dan peningkatan literasi teknologi pada tingkat komunitas dalam mendukung keamanan sosial di era Society 5.0.
PENGEMBANGAN WEB VIRTUAL TOUR BERBASIS ADVENTURE UNTUK BRANDING PANTAI PERAWAN DI KABUPATEN MALANG Sumarmi, Sumarmi; Bachri, Syamsul; Putra, Alfyananda Kurnia; Hakiki, A. Riyan Rahman; Hidiyah, Tabita May; Osman, Sharina
Jurnal Praksis dan Dedikasi Sosial Vol. 6 No. 2 (2023)
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Malang

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Abstract

DEVELOPMENT OF AN ADVENTURE-BASED VIRTUAL WEB TOUR FOR BRANDING PERAWAN BEACH IN MALANG DISTRICT Kabupaten Malang memiliki potensi wisata alam yang besar, terutama wisata pantainya. Hal inidisebabkan adanya pembangunan Jalur Lintas Selatan (JLS) untuk mempermudah aksesibilitaske wilayah pesisir di Kabupaten Malang bagian selatan. Salah satu pantai yang memilki potensibesar adalah Pantai Perawan. Namun, potensi yang dimiliki Pantai Perawan tersebut belumsejalan dengan peningkatan jumlah pengujung. Hal ini disebabkan belum maksimalnya informasiterkait potensi Pantai Perawan yang tersampaikan ke calon pengunjung. Ditambah lagi, PantaiPerawan juga merupakan pantai yang belum begitu terkenal sebagai destinasi wisata pantaipilihan di Kabupaten Malang. Tujuan dari pengabdian ini yaitu mengembangkan web virtual tourberbasis adventure untuk branding Pantai Perawan Desa Sidoasri Kabupaten Malang. Metodeyang digunakan untuk mencapai tujuan tersebut yaitu mengidentifikasi potensi-potensi yangdimiliki Pantai Perawan. Kemudian potensi-potensi tersebut dibuat wahana/produk wisata yangditawarkan ke calon wisatawan melalui web digital. Untuk mengembangkan web digital dilakukan pengambilan data berupa foto dan video dari wahana yang sudah dibuat dengan menggunakankamera 360 untuk penyajian secara virtual. Data tersebut kemudian disusun dan dikemassemenarik mungkin yang selanjutnya disajikan dalam bentuk web virtual sebagai branding PantaiPerawan. Hasil pengabdian yang dilakukan, meningkatkan manajemen pengelolaan dan promosiwisata pengelola wisata Pantai Perawan dan perangkat Desa Sidoasri melalui web virtual tourberbasis adventure. Dimana akhirnya dapat meningkatkan pendapatan dalam pengelolaanwisata di Pantai Perawan. Malang Regency has great natural tourism potential, especially its beach tourism. This is due tothe construction of the Southern Crossing Line (JLS) to facilitate accessibility to coastal areas insouthern Malang Regency. One of the beaches that has excellent potential is Perawan Beach.However, the potential of Perawan Beach has not been in line with the increase in the number ofvisitors. This is due to the lack of information about Perawan Beach's potential that is conveyedto potential visitors. In addition, Perawan Beach is also a beach that is not yet well known as apreferred beach tourist destination in Malang Regency. This service aims to develop anadventure-based virtual tour web for branding Perawan Beach, Sidoasri Village, MalangRegency. The method used to achieve this goal is to identify the potential of the Perawan Beach.Then, these potentials are made rides/tourism products offered to potential tourists through thedigital web. To develop a digital web, data is taken in the form of photos and videos of the ridesthat have been made using a 360 camera for virtual presentation. The data is then compiled andpackaged as attractive as possible which is then presented in the form of a virtual web as abranding of the Perawan Beach. The results of the service carried out, improving the PerawanBeach tourism manager and Sidoasri Village officials related to tourism management andpromotion through adventure-based virtual tour web. Which in the end can increase revenue intourism management at the Perawan Beach.
Komunikasi interpersonal petugas pada survei sosial ekonomi nasional (SUSENAS) di Kabupaten Nias Mendrofa, Denuari; Damayani, Ninis Agustini; Perbawasari, Susie
Jurnal Praksis dan Dedikasi Sosial Vol. 8 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17977/um022v8i12025p133-143

Abstract

Interpersonal communication of officers in the national socio-economic survey (SUSENAS) in Nias Regency This research aims to analyze the interpersonal communication conducted by officers or partners of the Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS) of Nias Regency in the implementation of the National Economic Survey in Nias Regency. This research emphasizes the importance of initial communication between officers and respondents, as well as the role of official attributes such as name tags and letters of assignment in building public trust and the use of local language. Using a qualitative approach, this research explored the experiences of survey officers and respondents to understand the challenges faced in data collection. The results showed that effective communication, including the use of appropriate local language and a local culture-based approach, greatly influenced the quality of data collected. Despite challenges such as respondent boredom and differences in social backgrounds, this study identified communication strategies that can increase respondent engagement. The findings are expected to provide recommendations for BPS Nias Regency to improve the effectiveness of the data collection process through better communication strategies so as to produce accurate and representative data for development planning in the Nias Regency area. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis komunikasi interpersonal yang dilakukan oleh petugas atau mitra Badan Pusat Stasistik (BPS) kabupaten Nias dalam pelaksanaan Survei Ekonomi Nasional (SUSENAS) di Kabupaten Nias. Penelitian ini mengedepankan pentingnya komunikasi awal antara petugas dan responden, serta peran atribut resmi seperti name tag dan surat tugas dalam membangun kepercayaan masyarakat serta pengunaan bahasa daearah. Dengan pendekatan kualitatif, penelitian ini menggali pengalaman petugas survey dan responden untuk memahami tantangan yang dihadapi dalam pengunpulan data. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa komunikasi yang efektif, termasuk pengunaan bahasa daearah yang sesuai dan pendekatan berbasis budaya lokal, sangat berpengaruh terhadap kualitas data yang dikumpulkan. Meskipun terdapat tentatangan seperti kejenuhan responden dan perbedaan latar belakang sosial, penelitian ini mengidentifikasi strategi komunikasi yang dapat meningkatkan keterlibatan responden. Temuan ini diharapkan dapat memberikan rekomendasi bagi BPS Kabupaten Nias untuk meningkatkan efektivitas proses pengumpulan data melalui strategi komunikasi yang lebih baik, sehingga dapat menghasilkan data yang akurat dan representative bagi perencanaan pembangunan di daerah Kabupaten Nias.
PENINGKATAN KAPASITAS SISWA SEKOLAH DASAR DALAM KESIAPSIAGAAN BENCANA ERUPSI GUNUNG API MELALUI SIMULASI MITIGASI BENCANA DI DAERAH GUNUNG SEMERU Bachri, Syamsul; Sumarmi, Sumarmi; Irawan, Listyo Yudha; Masruroh, Heni; Hidiyah, Tabita May; Hakiki, A. Riyan Rahman; Billah, Egi Nursari; Putri, Nanda Regita Cahyaning; Prastiwi, Mellinia Regina Heni; Zimo, Huang
Jurnal Praksis dan Dedikasi Sosial Vol. 6 No. 2 (2023)
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Malang

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Abstract

INCREASING THE CAPACITY OF PRIMARY SCHOOL STUDENTS INVOLCANO ERUPTION DISASTER PREPAREDNESS THROUGH DISASTERMITIGATION SIMULATION IN THE MOUNT SEMERU REGION Indonesia ialah salah satu negara yang rawan terhadap bencana erupsi gunung api. Salah satubencana erupsi gunung api yang yang terjadi adalah Gunung Api Semeru Tahun 2021 dan 2022di Kabupaten Lumajang. Dampak letusan Gunung Api Semeru mengakibatkan banyaknya korbanjiwa. Hal itu membuktikan bahwa kurangnya pemahaman masyarakat dalam menghadapiancaman dan risiko bencana gunung api. Dengan demikan pentingnya tindakan untukmeminimalisir dampak akibat bencana yang akan datang kedepannya. Dengan adanya kegiatanpengabdian kepada masyarakat yang dilakukan oleh tim pengabdian dari Universitas Negeri Malang dalam program penelitian dan pengabdian Desentralisasi Fakultas Ilmu Sosial sebagaisalah satu solusi untuk meningkatkan kapasitas masyarakat dalam mengurangi risiko bencanagunung api. Kegiatan pengabdian dilakukan dengan pembelajaran kebencanaan dan simulasimitigasi bencana gunung api yang dilaksanakan di Desa Sumbermujur Kabupaten Lumajangpada sekolah yang terdampak langsung erupsi Gunung Semeru yakni SDN Sumberwuluh 2.Kegiatan pembelajaran kebencanaan dan simulasi bertujuan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuankebencanaan dan pengetahuan simulasi bencana gunung api, serta meminimalisir dampakerupsi Gunung Api Semeru. Metode diakukan dengan 4 tahapan yakni observasi awal,sosialisasi, pelaksanan, dan evaluasi. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa pembelajaran kebencanaandan simulasi bencana perlu rutin dilakukan di sekolah guna memberikan pengetahuankebencanaan sejak dini untuk menghadapi ancaman bencana yang sewaktu waktu dapat terjadi.Dari kegiatan yang dilakukan peserta didik juga mendapatkan pengetahuan, keterampilan dalammelakukan langkah-langkah penyelamatan diri bila terjadi bencana gunung api di sekolah. Indonesia is one of the countries prone to volcanic eruptions. One of the volcanic eruptiondisasters that occurred was the Semeru Volcano in 2021 and 2022 in Lumajang Regency. Theimpact of the Semeru Volcano eruption resulted in many casualties. This proves that the lack ofunderstanding of the community in dealing with the threats and risks of volcanic disasters. Thus,the importance of action to minimize the impact of future disasters. The community serviceactivities carried out by the community service team from the State University of Malang in theDecentralized Research and Service Program of the Faculty of Social Sciences are one of thesolutions to increase community capacity in reducing the risk of volcanic disasters. Thecommunity service activities were carried out with disaster learning and volcano disastermitigation simulations carried out in Sumbermujur Village, Lumajang Regency at a school directlyaffected by the eruption of Mount Semeru, namely SDN Sumberwuluh 2. Disaster learningactivities and simulations aim to increase disaster knowledge and knowledge of volcano disastersimulations and minimize the impact of the eruption of the Semeru Volcano. The method is carriedout with four stages: initial observation, socialization, implementation, and evaluation. The resultsshow that disaster learning and disaster simulation need to be routinely carried out in schools toprovide early disaster knowledge to deal with the threat of disasters that can occur at any time.From the activities carried out, students also gain knowledge skills in carrying out self-rescuesteps in the event of a volcano disaster at school.
RETRACTED: PENGEMBANGAN DESAIN MOTIF BATIK REYOG BULKIYO DALAM MENDUKUNG DESA WISATA KEMLOKO, KECAMATAN NGLEGOK, KABUPATEN BLITAR Ratnawati, Nurul; Ruja, I Nyoman; Wiradimadja, Agung; Bashofi, Ferdinan
Jurnal Praksis dan Dedikasi Sosial Vol. 5 No. 1 (2022)
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Malang

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Abstract

Following a rigorous, carefully concerns and considered review of the article published in Jurnal Praksis dan Dedikasi Sosial to article entitle “Pengembangan Desain Motif Batik Reyog Bulkiyo dalam Mendukung Desa Wisata Kemloko, Kecamatan Nglegok, Kabupaten Blitar” Vol. 5, No. 1 (2022), DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17977/um032v5i1p46-53. This paper has been found to be in violation of the Jurnal Praksis dan Dedikasi Sosial publication principles and has been retracted. The article contained redundant material, the editor investigated and found that the paper published in Jurnal Praksis dan Dedikasi Sosial, Vol. 4, No. 2 (2021), DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17977/um032v4i2p55-61. The document and its content has been removed from Jurnal Praksis dan Dedikasi Sosial and a reasonable effort should be made to remove all references to this article.
Diplomasi pertahanan dan perubahan iklim: Studi kasus Indonesia dan Selandia Baru Rahayu, Dian Diana; Aritonang, Sovian
Jurnal Praksis dan Dedikasi Sosial Vol. 8 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17977/um022v8i12025p144-153

Abstract

Defense Diplomacy and Climate Change: A Case Study of Indonesia and New Zealand Climate change has emerged as a significant global security threat, particularly for Pacific and Southeast Asian island nations, including Indonesia and New Zealand. Threats such as rising sea levels, extreme weather events, and resource crises demand a more integrated response through defence diplomacy. This study analyzes the role of defence diplomacy in addressing climate change, focusing on regional cooperation in the Pacific and ASEAN regions. Using a qualitative approach and policy analysis, the research explores New Zealand’s strategies for reducing emissions in the defence sector and its engagement in multilateral forums such as the Pacific Defence Meeting. On the other hand, the study identifies the challenges faced by Indonesia in integrating defence diplomacy with climate change policy, including the implementation of Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+) and the Long-Term Strategy for Low Carbon and Climate Resilience 2050 (LTS-LCCR 2050). The findings highlight the need for integrated cross-national responses to build more resilient regional security against the threats of climate change. Perubahan iklim telah menjadi ancaman keamanan global yang signifikan, terutama bagi negara-negara kepulauan di kawasan Pasifik dan Asia Tenggara, termasuk Indonesia dan Selandia Baru. Ancaman seperti kenaikan permukaan laut, cuaca ekstrem, dan krisis sumber daya menuntut respons yang lebih terpadu melalui diplomasi pertahanan. Studi ini menganalisis peran diplomasi pertahanan dalam menghadapi perubahan iklim dengan fokus pada kerja sama di kawasan Pasifik dan ASEAN. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dan analisis kebijakan, penelitian ini mengeksplorasi strategi Selandia Baru dalam mengurangi emisi sektor pertahanan serta keterlibatannya dalam forum multilateral seperti Pacific Defence Meeting. Di sisi lain, penelitian ini mengidentifikasi tantangan yang dihadapi Indonesia dalam mengintegrasikan diplomasi pertahanan dengan kebijakan perubahan iklim, termasuk implementasi Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+) dan strategi LTS-LCCR 2050. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa respons lintas negara yang terintegrasi diperlukan guna menciptakan keamanan regional yang lebih tangguh terhadap ancaman perubahan iklim.
Surveillance capitalism dalam film the Great Hack: Dampak pada budaya dan politik Prasetyo, Nur Cahyo Agung; Rahmanto, Andre Noevi; Sudarmo, Sudarmo
Jurnal Praksis dan Dedikasi Sosial Vol. 8 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17977/um022v8i12025p154-165

Abstract

Surveillance capitalism in the Great Hack: Impacts on culture and politics The rapid development of digital technology and social media has led to significant transformations in collecting and utilizing personal data, raising concerns about privacy and socio-political dynamics. This study aims to analyse the impact of personal data usage in shaping cultural, social, and political landscapes through a case study of the documentary film The Great Hack. Employing a qualitative approach with content analysis, the study reveals that personal data has become an economic asset exploited for social and political manipulation. The findings indicate that entities like Cambridge Analytica influence individual behaviour and political outcomes through data-driven algorithms, as explained by surveillance capitalism and mediatization theories. The study concludes that personal data exploitation profoundly impacts social structures and political systems, underscoring the need for stringent regulations and public awareness to protect privacy in the digital era. Pesatnya perkembangan teknologi digital dan media sosial telah memunculkan transformasi signifikan dalam pengumpulan dan pemanfaatan data pribadi, menimbulkan kekhawatiran terkait privasi serta dinamika sosial-politik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dampak penggunaan data pribadi dalam membentuk lanskap budaya, sosial, dan politik melalui studi kasus film dokumenter the Great Hack. Dengan pendekatan kualitatif menggunakan analisis isi, penelitian ini mengungkap bahwa data pribadi telah bertransformasi menjadi aset ekonomi yang dieksploitasi untuk manipulasi sosial dan politik. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa entitas seperti Cambridge Analytica mampu memengaruhi perilaku individu dan hasil politik melalui algoritma berbasis data, sebagaimana dijelaskan melalui teori surveillance capitalism dan mediatization. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa eksploitasi data pribadi memiliki dampak besar pada struktur sosial dan sistem politik, sehingga diperlukan regulasi ketat dan peningkatan kesadaran publik untuk melindungi privasi di era digital.
Peran strategic thinking dalam menjaga stabilitas keamanan regional dan mewujudkan kesejahteraan nasional sesuai amanat UUD 1945 Roedy, Roedy; Irwanto, Bambang; Taufik, Robby Mochamad
Jurnal Praksis dan Dedikasi Sosial Vol. 8 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17977/um022v8i12025p166-173

Abstract

The role of strategic thinking in maintaining regional security stability and achieving national welfare in accordance with the mandate of the 1945 Constitution Strategic thinking plays an important role in maintaining regional security stability and national welfare according to the 1945 Constitution. Indonesia plays a strategic role in multilateral diplomacy to face long-term challenges in Southeast Asia. This study uses a qualitative approach with a literature study method, analysing foreign policy and national security. The results show that strategic thinking contributes to regional stability through active diplomacy and maritime economic cooperation. The main findings include the concept of Indonesia's conceptual network in managing the South China Sea as an opportunity for economic cooperation. The novelty of this study lies in the integrative analysis of strategic thinking, diplomacy policy, and national welfare in the context of regional stability. With a data-based strategy and long-term vision, Indonesia can continue to play a role in global peace and prosperity. Pemikiran strategis berperan penting dalam menjaga stabilitas keamanan regional dan kesejahteraan nasional sesuai UUD 1945. Indonesia memainkan peran strategis dalam diplomasi multilateral guna menghadapi tantangan jangka panjang di Asia Tenggara. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode studi pustaka, menganalisis kebijakan luar negeri dan keamanan nasional. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa pemikiran strategis berkontribusi terhadap stabilitas kawasan melalui diplomasi aktif dan kerja sama ekonomi maritim. Temuan utama mencakup konsep conceptual network Indonesia dalam mengelola Laut China Selatan sebagai peluang kerja sama ekonomi. Kebaruan penelitian ini terletak pada analisis integratif antara pemikiran strategis, kebijakan diplomasi, dan kesejahteraan nasional dalam konteks stabilitas kawasan. Dengan strategi berbasis data dan visi jangka panjang, Indonesia dapat terus berperan dalam perdamaian dan kesejahteraan global.
The buying motives analysis of consumer electric vehicle in Indonesia Pamungkas, Benni Ahdiyana
Jurnal Praksis dan Dedikasi Sosial Vol. 8 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17977/um022v8i12025p174-185

Abstract

Climate change has prompted many countries to decarbonize their economies, with the development of the electric vehicle (EV) industry being one of the proposed solutions. However, EV sales in Indonesia have fallen short of expectations. Understanding consumer purchasing motives is crucial to accelerating EV adoption. Unfortunately, research on the factors driving EV purchases remains limited. This study seeks to address this gap by identifying the dominant factors influencing consumer decisions to purchase EVs in Indonesia. This research employs a quantitative approach with a survey research strategy. A non-probability sampling method using a purposive sampling technique was applied, resulting in a sample of 103 respondents. Exploratory factor analysis was conducted to analyze the data. The findings identify six key factors influencing EV purchasing decisions: Total Customer Benefits, Climate Change Awareness, Product Value, Emotional and Rational Impacts, Economic and Environmental Considerations, and Electric Vehicle Charging Stations (EVCS). Among these, Total Customer Benefits emerged as the most dominant factor.
Application of gamification in history learning: Its impact on students' motivation and understanding of historical concepts Suprianto, Suprianto; Yuliantri, Rhoma Dwi
Jurnal Praksis dan Dedikasi Sosial Vol. 8 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17977/um022v8i12025p186-196

Abstract

History learning is often considered boring and challenging for students to understand because conventional methods are passive, so innovative strategies such as gamification are needed to increase motivation and understand historical concepts more effectively and meaningfully. This research uses a quasi-experimental design with a pretest-posttest control group design. The sample consisted of two classes of XI SMA (32 students per class). Data collection instruments use multiple-choice tests to test understanding of historical concepts and questionnaires to measure students' learning motivation. Data analysis includes normality, homogeneity, t-test, and N-Gain Score tests to measure the effectiveness of gamification. The research results show that gamification increases historical understanding more significantly (N-Gain = 0.605, medium-high category) than conventional methods (N-Gain = 0.274, low category). In addition, student motivation in the experimental class increased from 6.25% to 62.50% for the high category, while in the control class it only increased from 6.25% to 12.50%. So it is concluded that gamification has proven to be more effective than conventional methods in increasing students' involvement, motivation, and understanding of historical concepts.

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