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Jurnal Ilmiah Medicamento
Published by Universitas Mahasaraswati
ISSN : -     EISSN : 23564814     DOI : https://doi.org/10.36733/medicamento.v6i1
Core Subject : Health,
Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health
Jurnal Ilmiah Medicamento (JINTO) dengan nomor registrasi e-ISSN 2356-4814 didirikan pada tahun 2014, dan publikasi online dimulai pada tahun 2015. Jurnal diterbitkan dalam bahasa Indonesia. Awalnya JINTO diterbitkan oleh Akademi Farmasi Saraswati Denpasar. Namun sejak awal tahun 2019, penerbit jurnal berubah menjadi Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Mahasaraswati Denpasar karena institusi penerbit sebelumnya yaitu Akademi Farmasi Saraswati Denpasar telah mengalami penyatuan ke dalam institusi Universitas Mahasaraswati Denpasar menjadi Fakultas Farmasi. Jurnal Ilmiah Medicamento diterbitkan setiap enam bulan sekali (Maret dan September) yang berisi penelitian di bidang ilmu farmasi. JINTO menerima artikel yang mencakup berbagai bidang ilmu farmasi seperti: Farmakologi dan Toksikologi; Farmasi Klinik dan Komunitas; Kimia Farmasi; Biologi Farmasi; Teknologi Farmasi; Farmasi Mikrobiologi dan Bioteknologi; Regulatory Affairs and Pharmacy Marketing Research; Pengobatan alternatif.
Arjuna Subject : Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics - Ilmu Farmasi
Articles 333 Documents
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The Association between Resistance of Sepsis-Inducing Bacteria to First-Line Antibiotics and Sepsis Outcome: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study Meriyani, Herleeyana; Sanjaya, Dwi Arymbhi; Juanita, Rr. Asih; Siada, Nyoman Budiartha; Yudiartha, I Wayan Maysa; Suryawan, Kadek
Jurnal Ilmiah Medicamento Vol 12 No 1 (2026): Jurnal Ilmiah Medicamento (In progress)
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Mahasaraswati Denpasar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36733/medicamento.v12i1.13597

Abstract

Background: Sepsis is a significant infectious disease linked to high mortality rates. Several bacterial pathogens that cause sepsis have shown resistance to first-line antibiotics. This resistance in sepsis-causing bacteria to initial antibiotic agents threatens treatment success, elevating mortality risk, healthcare costs, and prolonged hospital stays.Objective: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the resistance of sepsis-causing bacteria to first-line antibiotics and sepsis treatment outcomes.Methods: This cross-sectional study was a single-center retrospective study. Data were collected from sepsis patients admitted to the intensive care unit of a general hospital in Bali between 2022 and 2023. The patients included in this study were those with a positive bacterial infection, as provided in the culture result. Therapy outcomes were evaluated based on discharge status: improved or unimproved (deceased). The resistance of sepsis-causing bacteria to first-line antibiotics, including fluoroquinolones, third- and fourth-generation cephalosporins, piperacillin-tazobactam, and vancomycin, was assessed through blood cultures. The relationship between antibiotic resistance and therapy outcomes was analyzed using the Gamma correlation coefficient. This study included 57 of 108 sepsis patients, primarily male (57.89%) and older than 60 years (57.89%).Results: A strong, significant positive correlation was observed between the resistance of sepsis-causing bacteria to third-generation cephalosporins and therapy outcomes (p=0.001; r=0.637). In contrast, resistance to fluoroquinolones (p=0.108; r=0.387), fourth-generation cephalosporins (p=0.377; r=-0.199), piperacillin-tazobactam (p=0.816; r=-0.060), and vancomycin (p=0.911; r=0.030) did not significantly impact therapy outcomes. The outcome of sepsis therapy is associated with resistance of sepsis-causing bacteria to third-generation cephalosporins but not to fluoroquinolones, fourth-generation cephalosporins, piperacillin-tazobactam, or vancomycin. This study uses a relatively small sample size, which precludes subgroup analyses.Conclusion: Non-significant findings for some antibiotics may reflect insufficient power; further study is needed to assess the correlation between resistance of sepsis-causing bacteria to fluoroquinolones, fourth-generation cephalosporins, piperacillin-tazobactam, and vancomycin.
Erratum to: In-use Stability of Hydrocortisone Injection Preparations at a Regional Referral Hospital in Central Java Genatrika, Erza; Sundhani, Elza; Adriana, Eka Fitri; Suena, Ni Made Dharma Shantini
Jurnal Ilmiah Medicamento Vol 12 No 1 (2026): Jurnal Ilmiah Medicamento (In progress)
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Mahasaraswati Denpasar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36733/medicamento.v12i1.13794

Abstract

Erratum to: Jurnal Ilmiah Medicamento 2025; 11(2): 185-192 DOI original article: https://doi.org/10.36733/medicamento.v11i2.11538 After the publication of this article, errors were identified in the in-text citation, in Tables 2, 3, and 4, and in the reference list. The publisher wishes to apologize for any inconvenience this may have caused.
Ketidaksesuaian Penggunaan Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs) pada Lanjut Usia dan Interaksi Obat: Kajian Naratif Arief, Thendi Abdul; Rachmadi, Nabila Risti; Fahriah, Hanum Hasifah; Nugroho, Agung Endro
Jurnal Ilmiah Medicamento Vol 12 No 1 (2026): Jurnal Ilmiah Medicamento (In progress)
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Mahasaraswati Denpasar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36733/medicamento.v12i1.11519

Abstract

Background: PPIs are highly effective for treating gastrointestinal disorders, including dyspepsia, peptic ulcer disease, gastritis, and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Furthermore, for the prophylaxis of NSAIDs and to mitigate gastrointestinal bleeding in patients receiving glucocorticoids, antiplatelet agents, or anticoagulants, particularly in the elderly population. The prescribing of PPIs among elderly patients remains a widespread issue that can lead to inappropriate use, hospital admission, or discharge. Additionally, the inappropriate use of PPIs can lead to possible drug-drug interactions.Objective: This narrative review aims to comprehensively assess inappropriateness associated with PPIs use in the elderly population and drug-drug interactions.Methods: Studies published from 2014 to 2024 were identified through a comprehensive search of multiple databases, including PubMed, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect.Results: Long-term dangers such as infections and nutritional deficits are increased by inappropriate usage, which is defined by unwarranted commencement and lengthy duration. Simultaneously, PPIs present significant DDI hazards through modulating the absorption of pH-dependent medications and blocking cytochrome P450 enzymes, particularly CYP2C19. These risks are made worse by the prevalence of polypharmacy and aging-related deterioration of renal and hepatic function.Conclusion: In clinical practice, these findings call for systematic drug reviews and organized deprescribing programs to detect and manage high-risk combos. Implementing PPI stewardship programs in hospital and community settings is highly advised at the policy and systems level to enhance pharmaceutical safety in this susceptible population and to encourage evidence-based, guideline-concordant prescription.
Formulasi dan Karakterisasi Nanokristal Meloksikam Menggunakan Kombinasi Penstabil Polimer dan Surfaktan untuk Meningkatkan Kelarutan Al-Hakim, Nur Achsan; Sutarna, Titta Hartyana; Ratih, Hestiary; Azzara, Karina Putriani
Jurnal Ilmiah Medicamento Vol 12 No 1 (2026): Jurnal Ilmiah Medicamento (In progress)
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Mahasaraswati Denpasar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36733/medicamento.v12i1.12523

Abstract

Background: Low solubility in water is a major obstacle for Meloxicam (MLX) and has implications for its limited bioavailability. Nanocrystallization techniques show potential for improving drug solubility, but nanoparticles tend to aggregate, suggesting the use of a combination of Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose (HPMC) and Decyl Glucoside (DG) as stabilizers to overcome this problem.Objective: This study aims to develop and characterize meloxicam nanocrystals (MLX-NC) with a combination of HPMC and DG in an effort to improve solubility. MLX-NC was synthesized using ultrasonication and dried by lyophilization.Methods: The resulting formulation exhibited excellent physical stability over 28 days, as evidenced by consistent particle size (~11 nm) and polydispersity index (<0.3). Physical evaluation and characterization were performed, including particle size analysis (DLS), zeta potential, particle morphology (SEM), thermal analysis (DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and saturated solubility testing.Results: The MLX-NC formulation showed a more than 200-fold increase in solubility compared to pure MLX, from 0.005 mg/mL to 1.064 mg/mL. XRD and DSC analyses confirmed that the nanocrystallization process converted the crystalline phase of MLX into an amorphous phase. These results indicate that induced amorphization can significantly improve solubility.Conclusion: The solubility of MLX can be significantly improved using ultrasonication combined with HPMC and DG. This approach has the potential to overcome the solubility limitations of BCS Class II drugs.
Eucheuma cottonii as a Natural Source for Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus Management: A Narrative review Mahardika, I Made Agus; Samirana, Putu Oka
Jurnal Ilmiah Medicamento Vol 12 No 1 (2026): Jurnal Ilmiah Medicamento (In progress)
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Mahasaraswati Denpasar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36733/medicamento.v12i1.12689

Abstract

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder with a steadily increasing prevalence worldwide, including in Indonesia. Standard therapeutic approaches for T2DM are commonly associated with adverse effects, which has led to increasing interest in the use of herbal products and nutraceuticals. Eucheuma cottonii, an abundant red seaweed species in Indonesian waters, holds considerable potential as a preventive and therapeutic agent for T2DM due to its bioactive compound content.Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the potential of E. cottonii as a therapeutic agent through a literature review. Methods: This study is a literature review. Relevant literature was collected from several databases using specific keywords, and a total of 30 articles that met the inclusion criteria were selected for analysis.Results: Evidence suggested that E. cottonii comprises numerous bioactive substances compounds including flavonoids, phenolics, sulfated polysaccharides, and carrageenan, which demonstrate antidiabetic activity through multiple mechanisms. These compounds inhibit α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes, lower blood glucose levels, and enhance insulin secretion via dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibition. The antioxidant activity of E. cottonii is demonstrated by elevated levels of endogenous enzymes (SOD, GPx, GSH) and reduced ROS and MDA, while its anti-inflammatory effects were reflected in decreased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and inflammatory enzymes (COX-2, LOX-5). Moreover, E. cottonii functions as a prebiotic, modulating gut microbiota, enhancing the population of Bifidobacterium spp., and improving the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio, thereby contributing to better glucose metabolism.Conclusion: Based on these bioactivities, E. cottonii demonstrates strong potential for development as a multifunctional nutraceutical for the prevention and management of T2DM through antihyperglycemic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and gut microbiota–modulating mechanisms.
The Neuroprotective Effect of Flavonoids in Huntington’s Disease: A Systematic Review Suryantari, Sang Ayu Arta; Pramesti, Anak Agung Intan; Wirawan, I Made Suma; Wirajangsa, I Gusti Ngurah Mambal; Wedantha, I Wayan Yudha; Fidela, Ni Putu Elisya Nathania
Jurnal Ilmiah Medicamento Vol 12 No 1 (2026): Jurnal Ilmiah Medicamento (In progress)
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Mahasaraswati Denpasar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36733/medicamento.v12i1.12361

Abstract

Background: Huntington’s disease (HD) is a hereditary neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive striatal and cortical neuronal loss, resulting in severe motor, cognitive, and psychiatric deficits for which no disease-modifying therapy currently exists. Flavonoids, abundant polyphenolic phytochemicals, are increasingly recognized for their potent neuroprotective properties, specifically acting as antioxidants, anti-inflammatory agents, and modulators of apoptosis and autophagy.Objective: This systematic literature review was conducted to synthesize and critically evaluate contemporary preclinical evidence regarding the efficacy of flavonoids in animal models of HD.Methods: A comprehensive search was executed across PubMed, ScienceDirect, and MEDLINE databases (2015–2025) using specific keyword combinations. Studies investigating flavonoid effects in HD animal models with full-text availability were included, whereas publications older than ten years and review studies were excluded. Methodological quality was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical appraisal tool. Twelve eligible animal studies were identified, demonstrating methodological quality ranging from good to very good.Results: Consistent findings indicated that flavonoid administration significantly enhanced motor coordination and cognitive performance, attenuated oxidative stress and neuroinflammation, and preserved neuronal integrity. These protective outcomes were mediated through the modulation of multiple molecular pathways, encompassing antioxidant defense systems, inflammatory signaling cascades, and apoptosis-related mechanisms.Conclusion: While current preclinical evidence is promising, underscoring the critical roles of flavonoids as multifaceted neuroprotective agents, further rigorously designed clinical trials are imperative to validate these findings and establish the therapeutic potential and clinical applicability of flavonoids for patients suffering from Huntington’s disease.
Studi Biokemoinformatika Kandungan Kimia Daun Gatal (Laportea Aestuans L) yang Berpotensi Sebagai Antikanker Prostat Rahadi, I Wayan Surya; Herowati, Rina
Jurnal Ilmiah Medicamento Vol 12 No 1 (2026): Jurnal Ilmiah Medicamento (In progress)
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Mahasaraswati Denpasar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36733/medicamento.v12i1.12565

Abstract

Background: Prostate cancer remains a major cause of morbidity among men worldwide, with current therapies limited by resistance and toxicity. Natural compounds offer promising alternatives due to their structural diversity and biological compatibility.Objective: This study evaluated seven bioactive constituents from Laportea aestuans L. leaves as potential inhibitors of prostate cancer-related targets using molecular docking and pharmacokinetic profiling.Methods: Seven bioactive compounds were identified through phytochemical literature review. Molecular docking simulations were executed using AutoDock4, with interaction analysis validated via PyMOL and UCSF Chimera. Furthermore, pharmacokinetic properties and toxicological profiles were predicted using the ADMETlab webserver to assess drug-likeness and safety parameters.Results: Docking simulations revealed that LA6 exhibited the strongest affinity toward CDK2 (–9.97 kcal/mol) through hydrogen bonding with Asp145 and Lys33, while Chrysenol bound PDGFRA (–9.12 kcal/mol) at Glu644 and Val658. Compounds LA2, LA4, and LA5 also showed stable interactions with GSK-3β, suggesting modulation of Wnt signaling. ADME analysis indicated high gastrointestinal absorption and compliance with Lipinski’s Rule of Five, whereas LA6 and Chrysenol demonstrated mutagenicity and hepatotoxicity risks. Distribution profiling revealed high plasma protein binding (>90%) and moderate blood-brain barrier permeability, particularly for LA6.Conclusion: These findings highlight L. aestuans L. derivatives as promising lead candidates for prostate cancer therapy, though further in vitro and in vivo validation is required to confirm efficacy and optimize safety. This integrative computational approach underscores the role of bioinformatics in accelerating natural product-based drug discovery.
Optimization Of Tablet Formulation of Ethanol Extract of Basin (Ocimum basilicum L.) As Antioxidant with Variations of Pregelatinized Starch and Explotab Sa`adah, Hayatus; Sya’diyah, Halimatus; Ansyory, Achmad Kadri; Supomo, Supomo
Jurnal Ilmiah Medicamento Vol 12 No 1 (2026): Jurnal Ilmiah Medicamento (In progress)
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Mahasaraswati Denpasar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36733/medicamento.v12i1.12621

Abstract

Background: Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) is recognized as a rich botanical source of secondary metabolites that exhibit notable antioxidant properties.Objective: The present investigation sought to examine how variations in disintegrant type and proportion—specifically pregelatinized starch and Explotab—influenced the physical characteristics and antioxidant capacity of tablets prepared from basil leaf ethanol extract.Methods: Three distinct formulations were developed based on differing pregelatinized starch-to-Explotab ratios: Formula I (0:1), Formula II (1:1), and Formula III (1:0). All prepared tablets underwent comprehensive physical evaluation and stability assessment, while antioxidant potential was quantified through the DPPH radical scavenging method. The formulation optimization process employed the Simplex Lattice Design (SLD) methodology executed via Design-Expert® version 13 software.Results: Experimental findings demonstrated that the ratio variation between pregelatinized starch and Explotab exerted measurable effects on both granule and tablet physical attributes. Specifically, pregelatinized starch was found to predominantly elevate bulk density, weight uniformity, and disintegration time, whereas Explotab exhibited a stronger regulatory influence over moisture content, flow rate, Carr’s index, and tablet friability. The optimal formulation was identified as containing 6.72% pregelatinized starch combined with 1.27% Explotab. Notably, all three formulations demonstrated very strong antioxidant activity, with IC₅₀ values spanning from 33.78 to 39.52 ppm. One-way ANOVA statistical evaluation revealed no significant interformulation differences (p > 0.05).Conclusion: The collective data supports the conclusion that a strategic combination of pregelatinized starch and Explotab yields basil extract tablets with satisfactory physical quality alongside preserved antioxidant efficacy.
Revealing Phytopharmaceutical Insights into Jaras Gambo Extract from Uncaria gambir Roxb. against Breast Cancer Using Network Pharmacology and ADME/Tox Approach Viviani, Rafiqah Nur; Mahendra, Nathasya Shasykirana; Shiyan, Shaum; Pratiwi, Galih
Jurnal Ilmiah Medicamento Vol 12 No 1 (2026): Jurnal Ilmiah Medicamento (In progress)
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Mahasaraswati Denpasar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36733/medicamento.v12i1.12687

Abstract

Background: Breast cancer remains a leading cause of mortality in women and demands multi-target strategies that can address pathway redundancy and resistance.Objective: This study aimed to characterize the bioactive constituents of Jaras Gambo Toman extract and evaluate its potential anti-breast cancer activity through an integrated network pharmacology and molecular docking approach.Methods: Jaras Gambo (processed gambier sap mass; Uncaria gambir Roxb.) collected in Babat Toman, South Sumatra, was macerated in ethanol, and the macerate was then filtered and concentrated to obtain a crude extract. Its constituents were profiled by liquid chromatography–high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC–HRMS). Network pharmacology (target prediction, pathway enrichment, and drug-likeness/toxicity screening) was integrated with structure-based molecular docking to prioritize active constituents and predict their interactions with breast cancer–related proteins.Results: The results of the analysis show therapeutic potential through the significant binding affinity between the bioactive components of the extract and proteins in the regulation of cancer cell proliferation and apoptosis, particularly AKT1, TP53, BCL2, TNF, and EGFR. Molecular interactions are suggested by favorable binding affinity parameters accompanied by the formation of hydrogen and hydrophobic bonds at the active sites of key residues. The involvement of several signaling pathways, such as the PI3K/AKT pathway, p53 signaling pathway, and TNF signaling pathway, may represent key mechanistic pathways of bioactive compounds in targeting disease proteins. Further characterization showed that there are eight main active components, including chlorogenic acid, isoquercitrin, morin hydrate, naringenin, quercetin, eriodictyol, ribofuranoside, and scopoletin, which showed docking profiles comparable to erlotinib across selected targets.Conclusion: These results suggest the potential of Jaras Gambo Toman extract as a potential source of multi-target bioactive compounds for further breast cancer research.
Aktivitas Antimikroba dan Antioksidan Jamur Laut yang Berasosiasi dengan Spons Pseudoceratina sp. dari Perairan Pantai Amed Adi, I Made Agus Kusuma; Witantri, Ni Komang Diah Eka; Wulandari, Ni Made Widya; Leliqia, Ni Putu Eka; Wirajana, I Nengah; Wibowo, Joko Tri; Ware, Ismail; Ariantari, Ni Putu
Jurnal Ilmiah Medicamento Vol 12 No 1 (2026): Jurnal Ilmiah Medicamento (In progress)
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Mahasaraswati Denpasar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36733/medicamento.v12i1.13356

Abstract

Background: Marine fungi are organisms capable of growth and spore production in the marine environment and establishing symbiotic relationships with other marine organisms. Because of their high biochemical diversity, marine fungi are considered a potential source for the discovery of new natural compounds with various biological activities.Objective: This study aims to conduct molecular identification and assess the bioactivity potential of the methanol extract obtained from endophytic fungi associated with the marine sponge Pseudoceratina sp. from the Amed Coastal Waters, Bali.Methods: Eight marine fungi were isolated in this study and identified through molecular biology protocol as Aspergillus tamarii SP-3-1-4, Aspergillus nomiae SP-3-2 (A), Penicillium citrinum SP-3-2-1, Aspergillus protuberus SP-3-2-3, Aspergillus sydowii SP-3-2-4, Aspergillus sydowii RM NS SP-3B, Aspergillus clavatonanicus RM NS SP-3-2 A, and Aspergillus nomiae RM NS SP-3-2 B. The fungi were subsequently fermented on rice media containing salt and/or without salt. In the final stage of fermentation, secondary metabolites were extracted using ethyl acetate, followed by liquid-liquid extraction using methanol containing 10% water and n-hexane. The resulting methanolic extracts were subjected to phytochemical analysis and bioassays.Results: The phytochemical screening results of the methanol extracts showed that all extracts contained alkaloids. Among the tested extracts, the extract obtained from the fermentation of the fungus A. protuberus SP-3-2-3 on rice medium with the addition of salt showed the highest activity against Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 3351 with an inhibition zone diameter of 7.99±0.20 mm. The fungus A. sydowii SP-3-2-4 cultured with and without salt in rice media exhibited the most potent antioxidant capacity, with IC50 values of 37.02±1.12 and 32.48±0.81 µg/mL. Conversely, A. nomiae SP-3-2 (A), fermented without salt, displayed the highest toxicity with an LC50 value of 0.88±0.69 µg/mL.Conclusion: Based on the pharmacological potential of extracts produced by the marine fungi associated with the sponge Pseudoceratina sp. found in the present study, identification of bioactive secondary metabolites and their mode of action is propitious for further investigation.

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