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ANALISIS EFEKTIVITAS BIAYA TERAPI PENGGUNAAN ANTIBIOTIK PROFILAKSIS CEFAZOLINE DAN AMOXICILLIN PADA KASUS BEDAH SESAR DI RSUD JOMBANG TAHUN 2017 admaja, wika; Herowati, Rina; Andayani, Tri Murti
Jurnal Wiyata Penelitian Sains dan Kesehatan Vol 6, No 1 (2019)
Publisher : LP2M IIK (Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian Masyarakat Institut Ilmu Kesehatan) Bhakti Wiy

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Abstract

Latar belakang: Penggunaan antibiotik profilaksis ditujukan untuk mengurangi ILO. Penggunaan antibiotik profilaksis terbukti dapat mengurangi kejadian ILO dan dianjurkan untuk diberikan pada tindakan yang memiliki tingkat risiko infeksi yang tinggi. Antibiotik yang digunakan dalam seksio sesarea berdasarkan laporan ASHP  adalah golongan penisilin dan sefalosporin generasi pertama (cefazolin). Tujuan: Mengetahui efektivitas biaya pada penggunaan antibiotik profilaksis amoxicillin dan cefazolin pada kasus bedah sesar di RSUD Jombang tahun2017. Metode: Desain penelitian cross-sectional yang dilakukan secara retrospektif dengan perspektif Rumah Sakit. Hasil: Cefazolin memiliki nilai efektifitas yang lebih besar dan nilai ACER yang lebih kecil dari pada amoxicillin yaitu nilai efektivitas terapi 0,907 dengan nilai ACER Rp6.696.388.81 sedangkan amoxicillin 0,861 dengan nilai ACER Rp7.231.116.61. Simpulan: Antibiotik cefazolin lebih cost-effective dibandingkan dengan amoxicillin.
Antidiabetic Activity of Okra Fruit (Abelmoschus esculentus (L) Moench) Extract and Fractions in Two Conditions of Diabetic Rats Herowati, Rina
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy Vol 31 No 1, 2020
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14499/indonesianjpharm31iss1pp27

Abstract

Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L) Moench) fruit is empirically used in type 2 diabetes mellitus treatment. This research aims to know the antihyperglycemic activity of okra fruit extract and fractions in streptozotocin-nicotinamide (STZ-NA) induced as well as in insulin resistance diabetic rats, the effect on pancreatic cells regeneration, and the effect on immunohistochemical expression of glucose transporter-4. This study used a group of 35 male Wistar rats for STZ-NA induced diabetic model and another group of 35 rats for insulin resistance diabetic model. Gliclazide (0.72mg/kg BW) and metformin (45mg/kg BW) were used as drug control in STZ-NA induced and insulin resistance diabetes, respectively. Okra fruit ethanol extract, n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and water fraction were orally administered with dose of 200; 107; 6 and 86mg/kg BW, respectively, for 28 days after diabetic condition was obtained. Blood glucose level was measured every week. Hematoxylin-eosin staining was used to evaluate the pancreatic cells regeneration, while immunohistochemistry was used to evaluate the expression of glucose transporter-4 in muscle membrane cells, at the end of the treatment. The results revealed that ethyl acetate fraction was the most effective in lowering blood glucose level in both condition of diabetes. Ethyl acetate fraction decreased the necrosis of pancreatic cells in STZ-NA induced diabetic rats and increased the expression of glucose transporter-4 in muscle cell of insulin resistance diabetic rats.
UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN GULA AREN Suoth, Elly Juliana; Herowati, Rina; Pamudji, Gunawan
CHEMISTRY PROGRESS Vol 13, No 1 (2020)
Publisher : Sam Ratulangi University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35799/cp.13.1.2020.28840

Abstract

Gula aren dengan dosis 200 mg/kg BB dan 400 mg/kg BB diberikan pada tikus putih yang kemudian diinduksi CCl4 1,5 ml/kg BB. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat kadar enzim antioksidan yaitu SOD dan GPx setelah diinduksi CCl4 serta kerusakan yang ditimbulkan oleh CCl4 lewat pengukuran kadar MDA. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kadar SOD dan GPX pada tikus kontrol negatif berbeda dengan kadar SOD dan GPx pada tikus yang diberikan gula aren. Kadar enzim antioksidan pada tikus yang diberikan gula aren hampir sama dengan tikus normal (kelompok yang tidak diinduksi CCl4). Hal tersebut berhubungan dengan kadar MDA dimana pada tikus kelompok kontrol negatif menunjukkan kadar MDA yang tinggi sedangkan pada tikus normal dan tikus yang diberikan gula aren menunjukkan kadar MDA rendah yang artinya bahwa enzim antioksidan pada tikus normal dan tikus yang diberikan gula aren mengadakan peredaman terhadap reaksi oksidasi yang disebabkan oleh CCl4 sehingga peroksidasi lipid yang terjadi sangat kecil.ABSTRACT Palm sugar with a dose of 200 mg/kg BB and 400 mg/kg BB given to white rats which then induced CCl4 1.5 ml/kg BB. This study aims to look at the levels of antioxidant enzymes namely SOD and GPx after CCl4 induction and the damage caused by CCl4 through MDA level measurements. The results showed that SOD and GPX levels in negative control rats differed from SOD and GPx levels in rats given palm sugar. The levels of antioxidant enzymes in rats given palm sugar were almost the same as those in normal rats (CCl4-induced groups). This is related to MDA levels where in the negative control group rats showed high MDA levels while in normal rats and group rats given palm sugar showed low MDA levels which means that the antioxidant enzymes in normal rats and group rats given palm sugar made damping against oxidation reactions which is caused by CCl4 so that the lipid peroxidation that occurs is very small.
EFEK HEPAPROTEKTIF GULA AREN TERHADAP KARBON TETRAKLORIDA PADA TIKUS Suoth, Elly Juliana; Herowati, Rina; Pamudji, Gunawan
CHEMISTRY PROGRESS Vol 12, No 1 (2019)
Publisher : Sam Ratulangi University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35799/cp.12.1.2019.27920

Abstract

Abstrak Studi ini meneliti efek gula aren, senyawa bioaktif yang diisolasi dari gula aren, terhadap kerusakan hati akibat karbon tetraklorida (CCl4). Tikus diperlakukan secara intraperitoneal dengan 0,5 ml / kg CCl4 dan kelompok hewan yang berbeda menerima 25, 50, 100, dan 200 mg / kg sudar palem. Pada 24 jam setelah perawatan CCl4, kadar aminotransferase serum dan peroksidasi lipid meningkat secara signifikan, sedangkan kadar glutathione hati menurun. Perubahan ini dilemahkan oleh gula aren. Studi histologis menunjukkan bahwa gula aren menghambat peradangan portal, nekrosis sentrizonal, dan hiperplasia sel Kupffer, yang merupakan tiga karakteristik paling umum dari kerusakan hati yang diinduksi CCl4. Tingkat serum dan mRNA ekspresi tumor necrosis factor-? secara nyata meningkat dengan pengobatan CCl4 tetapi ditekan oleh gula aren. Level mRNA dan ekspresi protein diinduksi nitric oxide synthase dan heme oksigenase-1 meningkat secara signifikan pada 24 jam setelah perawatan CCl4. Gula aren melemahkan peningkatan protein dan ekspresi gen diinduksi nitric oxide synthase tetapi menambah peningkatan heme oxygenase-1. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa gula aren melindungi hepatosit dari kerusakan oksidatif yang disebabkan oleh CCl4, dan perlindungan ini kemungkinan disebabkan oleh induksi ekspresi HO-1 dan penghambatan mediator proinflamasi. Abstract This study examined the effects of palm sugar, a bioactive compounds isolated from palm sugar, on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver injury. Mice were treated intraperitoneally with 0.5 ml/kg CCl4 and different groups of animals received 25, 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg palm sudar. At 24 h after the CCl4 treatment, the level of serum aminotransferases and lipid peroxidation was significantly elevated, whereas the hepatic glutathione content was decreased. These changes were attenuated by palm sugar. The histological studies showed that palm sugar inhibited the portal inflammation, centrizonal necrosis, and Kupffer cell hyperplasia, which are the three most common characteristics of CCl4-induced liver damage. The serum level and mRNA expression of tumor necrosis factor-? were markedly increased by the CCl4 treatment but suppressed by palm sugar. The mRNA and protein expression levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase and heme oxygenase-1 increased significantly at 24 h after the CCl4 treatment. Palm sugar attenuated the increase in the protein and gene expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase but augmented the increase in those of heme oxygenase-1. These findings suggest that palm sugar protects hepatocytes from the oxidative damage caused by CCl4, and this protection is likely due to the induction of HO-1 expression and the inhibition of the proinflammatory mediators. 
AKTIVITAS FRAKSI EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN MURBEI TERHADAP PROFIL LIPID DARAH DAN ATEROSKLEROSIS TIKUS YANG HIPERLIPIDEMIA Eleonora Maryeta Toyo; Rina Herowati; Arief Nurrochmad
Jurnal Farmasi & Sains Indonesia Vol 2 No 1 (2019)
Publisher : LPPM Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Farmasi Nusaputera

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Abstract

Daun murbei merupakan salah satu tanaman yang banyak digunakan sebagai antidiabetes dan antihiperlipidemia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh ketiga fraksi etanol daun murbei (n-heksana, etil asetat, dan air) sebagai antihiperlipidemi dan anti aterosklerosis berupa penurunan ketebalan dinding aorta pada tikus putih jantan galur wistar yang diberi diet tinggi lemak dan PTU. Penelitian ini menggunakan 40 ekor tikus, yang terdiri dari satu kelompok diberi diet normal dan tujuh kelompok diberi diet tinggi lemak dan PTU selama satu bulan. Terapi perlakuan diberikan selama 14 hari. Kelompok I sebagai kontrol normal diberi Confeed PAR-S, kelompok II sebagai kontrol negatif diberi HFD dan CMC Na 0,5%, kelompok III sebagai kontrol positif diberi HFD dan simvastatin 0,9 mg/kg BB, kelompok IV sebagai kontrol positif diberi HFD dan gemfibrosil 0,9 mg/kg BB, kelompok V diberi HFD dan ekstrak etanol daun murbei dengan dosis 500 mg/kg BB, kelompok VI diberi HFD dan fraksi n-heksana dosis 60 mg/kg BB, kelompok VII diberi HFD dan fraksi etil asetat dosis 40 mg/kg BB, dan kelompok VIII diberi HFD dan fraksi air dosis 400 mg/kg BB. Semua tikus diukur profil lipid darah pada hari ke 0, 28, 35, dan 42. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa fraksi etil asetat memiliki efek sebagai antihiperlipidemia dan anti aterosklerosis berupa penurunanan ketebalan dinding aorta abdominalis pada tikus hiperlipidemia
Detection of Heavy Metal Pb in Cosmetics at Traditional Market of Banjarmasin: Deteksi Logam Berat Timbal (Pb) dalam Kosmetik yang Beredar di Pasar Tradisional Banjarmasin Rahmadani; Alawiyah, Tuti; Herowati, Rina
Journal of Pharmacy and Science Vol. 6 No. 2 (2021): Journal of Pharmacy and Science
Publisher : Akademi Farmasi Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53342/pharmasci.v6i2.220

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Background: Impurities produced from the basic ingredients of making cosmetics, one of which is lead (Pb). Lead is a substance that is harmful and toxic to the human body. Lead can affect the hematopoetic system, nervous system, reproductive system, endocrine system and is carcinogenic. Objective: To determine the presence of lead (Pb) heavy metal contamination in mascara products circulating in the Banjarmasin traditional market. Methods: This study used a descriptive observational method. Testing qualitatively using KI, NaOH, and HCl reagents. Results: The test results obtained from the sample after being reacted with the three reagents showed a positive presence of lead (Pb) heavy metal. With KI solution shows a yellow-black precipitate, with NaOH solution shows a white precipitate and with HCl solution shows a white precipitate. Conclusion: Qualitative tests on mascara cosmetic products taken at different points of sale in the Banjarmasin traditional market using color reagents in KI solution, NaOH solution, and HCl solution, it can be concluded that the qualitative test results show a positive presence of heavy metal lead (Pb). on mascara products.
Synthesis and gastric ulcer protective activity of chlorinated quercetin Gusdinar, Tutus; Herowati, Rina; Kartasasmita, R. E.; Adnyana, I Ketut
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy Vol 20 No 4, 2009
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (233.755 KB) | DOI: 10.14499/indonesianjpharm0iss0pp163-169

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Gastrointestinal toxicity due to non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs can be inhibited by the compounds that have antioxidant activity. Quercetin is a flavonoid that has antioxidant activity and protection effect against gastric ulcer. Chlorination of quercetin enhanced the antioxidant activity. This study aims to obtain the chlorinated derivative of quercetin and examine the protection effect against acetosal-induced gastric ulcer. Chlorination was done by the addition of chlorine at room temperature. Ulcer induction was carried out on rats by oral administration of acetosal. Incidences of gastric ulcer were determined by macroscopic and microscopic observation. Chlorination of quercetin with chlorine gas produced 6-chloroqueretin as major product. The protection effect against acetosal-induced gastric ulcer of this compound was higher than quercetin.Key words : quercetin, chlorination, gastric ulcer, NSAIDs
FORMULASI ORALLY DISINTEGRATING TABLET SALBUTAMOL SULFAT MENGGUNAKAN PENGISI F-MELT, PEMANIS XYLITOL DAN SUPERDISINTEGRANT SISTEM EFFERVESCENT Sony Andika Saputra; T.N Saifullah Sulaiman; Rina Herowati
Jurnal Wiyata Penelitian Sains dan Kesehatan Vol 6, No 1 (2019)
Publisher : LP2M IIK (Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian Masyarakat Institut Ilmu Kesehatan) Bhakti Wiy

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Abstract

Latar belakang: ODT merupakan sediaan yang didesain segera hancur pada saat kontak dengan air liur.  Salbutamol sulfat merupakan bronkodilator dalam pengobatan asma, yang bekerja selektif terhadap reseptor β2 adrenergik. Formulasi ODT dapat meningkatkan bioafailibilitas obatTujuan: mengoptimasi dan mengevaluasi pengaruh F-Melt, xylitol dan effervescent terhadap waktu pembasahan, kekerasan, kerapuhan, waktu hancur dan obat yang terdisolusi pada menit ke 5 Metode: Metode simplex lattice design diaplikasikan untuk mengoptimasi orally disintegrating tablet salbutamol sulfat. Menggunakan variabel F-Melt, xylitol dan effervescent. Daerah optimum ditentukan superimposed countour plot dari kekerasan, waktu pembasahan, kerapuhan dan obat yang terdisolusi pada menit ke 5 Hasil:Hasil menunjukkan interaksi F-Melt dan xylitol menurunkan waktu pembasahan, mempercepat waktu hancur dan meningkatkan kualitas tekstur dan rasa. Interaksi xylitol dan effervescent mempercepat waktu pembasahan, menurunkan kekerasan, mempercepat waktu hancur. SimpulanFormula optimum yang didapat dengan kombinasi komposisi F-Melt 146,00 mg, xylitol 35,33 mg dan sistem effervescent 13,65 mg.
The Antihyperglicemic Activity of ethanol Extract of Fenugreek seed (Trigonella foenum graecum L) and its effect on the GLUT-2 expression of Streptozotocin Nicotinamide Induced Rats Jena Hayu Widyasti; Gunawan Pamudji Widodo; Rina Herowati
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy Vol 29 No 1, 2018
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1465.75 KB) | DOI: 10.14499/indonesianjpharm29iss1pp10

Abstract

Insulin is an important factor in glucose transport. Glucose transporter (GLUT-2) in pancreatic β cell membranes is responsible for glucose transport that will stimulate insulin secretion. The purpose of this research was to investigate the antihyperglycemic activities of extract of Trigonella foenum-graecum L. (fenugreek) seed and the effects on GLUT-2 protein expression in pancreatic β cells on Streptozotocin-Nicotinamide-induced (STZ-NA) rats. This research utilized five groups of male Wistar rats. Group I was normal control group, while Groups II-V were induced with STZ-NA. Group II was negative control group (CMC Na 1%); group III was positive control group (Glibenclamide); group IV and V was examined group (fenugreek seed ethanol extract of 100mg/kg bw and 200 mg/kg bw)). The test compounds were orally administered for 14 days. Measurement of blood glucose levels and observation of the expression of GLUT-2 protein in pancreatic β cells in rats were conducted by immunohistochemistrical method. The research results revealed that the examined group dose of 200 mg/kg bw of fenugreek seed extract appeared to show blood glucose level decline that was proportionate to that of the positive control group. The increased density of GLUT-2 protein in pancreatic β cells significantly occurred in the group injected with 200 mg/kg bw compared to the group injected with 100 mg/kg bw. Hence, 200 mg/kg bw of fenugreek seed ethanol extract was able to decrease blood glucose levels and increase the GLUT-2 protein expression in pancreatic β cells in STZ-NA-induced rats with the effectiveness that was comparable to the positive control group
Anti-inflammatory Activities and Gastric Ulcer-inducing Properties of Tetraacetylquercetin and Tetrapivaloylquercetin Rina Herowati; Rahmana Emran Kartasasmita; I Ketut Adnyana; Tutus Gusdinar Kartawinata
Journal of Mathematical and Fundamental Sciences Vol. 48 No. 3 (2016)
Publisher : Institute for Research and Community Services (LPPM) ITB

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5614/j.math.fund.sci.2016.48.3.6

Abstract

Quercetin (3,3'4',5,7-pentahydroxyflavone) has been reported to show anti-inflammatory activity. However, its low oral bioavailability limits the application of quercetin in therapy. Ester derivatives of quercetin have been reported to have higher bioavailability than quercetin. This research aimed to study the anti-inflammatory activities and gastric ulcer-inducing properties of tetraacetylquercetinas well as tetrapivaloylquercetin. Synthesis of tetra-acyl derivatives of quercetin was conducted using acetic anhydride or pivaloyl chloride in the presence of pyridine and the structure was confirmed by 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR spectroscopy as well as elemental analysis. At a dose of 20 mg/kg bw, oral administration of quercetin only showed 20% inhibition activity on carragenan induced rat paw edema, while tetraacetyl and tetrapivaloyl derivatives at equimolar dose showed 11-33% and 5-15% inhibition activity respectively. Contrary to the gastric ulcer healing-promoting action of quercetin, tetraacetylquercetin caused mild gastric ulcers. However, no gastric ulcer was observed after administration of tetrapivaloylquercetin. It was concluded that acylation enhances the anti-inflammatory activity of quercetin but causes mild gastric ulcers in the case of tetraacetylation.