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PENANGGULANGAN KECEMASAN AKADEMIK SISWA MELALUI PEMBELAJARAN PENDIDIKAN AGAMA KATOLIK Sembiring, Mimpin; Simamora, Parlaungan; Situmorang, Vinsensius M. Junior
SECONDARY: Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan Menengah Vol. 6 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Pusat Pengembangan Pendidikan dan Penelitian Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51878/secondary.v6i2.9818

This study aims to examine the forms of academic anxiety experienced by students and the role of Catholic Religious Education in overcoming such anxiety at SMA Negeri SMAK Samosir. This research employed a qualitative descriptive approach with data collected through observation, interviews, and documentation. Informants included the Catholic Religious Education teacher and ten purposively selected students. The findings indicate that students’ academic anxiety manifests in three main aspects: affective, physiological, and cognitive. The affective aspect is dominated by a lack of self-confidence; the physiological aspect is marked by rapid heartbeat; and the cognitive aspect is characterized by negative thoughts. Catholic Religious Education plays a significant role in alleviating academic anxiety through the topic of "Conscience," which fosters moral awareness, and the topic of "I Am a Unique Person," which encourages self-acceptance. The study concludes that Catholic Religious Education contributes meaningfully to shaping student character, enabling them to face academic pressure with greater self-awareness, confidence, and emotional resilience. ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bentuk kecemasan akademik siswa serta peran pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Katolik dalam menanggulangi kecemasan tersebut di SMA Negeri SMAK Samosir. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Informan dalam penelitian ini terdiri dari guru Pendidikan Agama Katolik dan sepuluh orang siswa yang dipilih secara purposif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kecemasan akademik siswa muncul dalam tiga aspek, yaitu afektif, fisiologis, dan kognitif. Pada aspek afektif, gejala yang paling dominan adalah rasa tidak percaya diri; pada aspek fisiologis ditandai dengan detak jantung yang cepat; dan pada aspek kognitif muncul dalam bentuk pikiran negatif. Pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Katolik memainkan peran signifikan dalam menanggulangi kecemasan akademik melalui materi “Suara Hati” yang menumbuhkan kesadaran moral serta materi “Aku Pribadi yang Unik” yang mendorong penerimaan diri. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah bahwa Pendidikan Agama Katolik berkontribusi nyata dalam membentuk karakter siswa yang mampu menghadapi tekanan akademik dengan lebih reflektif, percaya diri, dan tangguh secara emosional.

ENHANCING STUDENT ENGAGEMENT THROUGH THE THINK-PAIR-SHARE (TPS) MODEL: CAN THE TEACHING OF AQIDAH AND AKHLAK BE MORE EFFECTIVE? Sari, Disti Nupita; Farida, Farida; Susanti, Agus
SECONDARY: Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan Menengah Vol. 6 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Pusat Pengembangan Pendidikan dan Penelitian Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51878/secondary.v6i2.9842

The learning of Aqidah Akhlak at MTs Negeri 03 Muara Enim faces challenges in the form of low participation, lack of courage for students to ask questions, and the dominance of lecture methods that trigger passivity. The main problem of this research is to test the effectiveness of the Think Pair Share model in transforming student learning activity. The research steps used a quasi-experimental quantitative approach involving 25 students from the experimental class and 27 students from the control class in the odd semester of 2025/2026. Crucial stages include the distribution of an activity questionnaire that measures physical, mental, and emotional dimensions, followed by statistical analysis of the t-test. The quantitative research findings through the Independent Sample T-Test showed a significance value of 0.022, which is far below the threshold of 0.05. The data confirms the existence of a very real difference in activity between the two groups, proving that systematic interaction in the thinking, pairing, and sharing stages is able to trigger active student involvement significantly. The main conclusion confirms that this model has great potential to improve the instructional quality of Islamic education, although its success is still influenced by individual self-confidence and conducive classroom dynamics. Adapting strategies to heterogeneous groups is highly recommended to optimize learning outcomes sustainably and achieve a deep moral understanding for all students in the madrasah environment through active, meaningful and targeted collaboration in shaping the noble character of Indonesia's young generation.

POE (PREDICT,OBSERVE,EXPLAIN): EFEKTIVITAS MODEL PEMBELAJARAN TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR PESERTA DIDIK Aisahara, Chindy; Makbuloh, Deden; Mustofa, Muhammad
SECONDARY: Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan Menengah Vol. 6 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Pusat Pengembangan Pendidikan dan Penelitian Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51878/secondary.v6i2.9875

This study was motivated by the low learning outcomes and critical thinking skills of students in Islamic Religious Education (PAI) at SMP Negeri 2 Krui, where instruction remains predominantly teacher-centered through the Direct Instruction model. This condition has resulted in limited student participation and difficulties in achieving higher-order cognitive skills (C6). The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of the Predict, Observe, Explain (POE) instructional model in improving students’ learning outcomes in PAI. The study employed a quantitative approach using a quasi-experimental method with a post-test only control group design. The sample consisted of 64 eighth-grade students selected through cluster random sampling, comprising an experimental group that received instruction using the POE model and a control group taught through Direct Instruction. The research instrument was a validated multiple-choice test. Data were analyzed using normality and homogeneity tests, followed by the Mann–Whitney U hypothesis test. The findings indicated that the data were not normally distributed but were homogeneous; therefore, the nonparametric Mann–Whitney U test was applied. The Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed) value of 0.000 (< 0.05) revealed a statistically significant difference between the two groups. In conclusion, the POE model proved to be more effective than Direct Instruction in enhancing students’ learning outcomes in PAI, as it promotes active engagement, deeper conceptual understanding, and the development of critical thinking skills.

KONTRIBUSI PROGRAM LITERASI DAN MINAT BACA TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN LITERASI MEMBACA SISWA Ananda, Amelia; Iqbal, Muhammad; Aryani, Menik
SECONDARY: Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan Menengah Vol. 6 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Pusat Pengembangan Pendidikan dan Penelitian Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51878/secondary.v6i2.9928

ABSTRACT Indonesian students' reading literacy skills remain low, including at the junior high school level. School literacy programs and reading interest are considered two important contributing factors, yet previous research findings have been inconsistent. This study aims to analyze the contribution of literacy programs and reading interest both partially and simultaneously to the reading literacy ability of students at SMP Negeri 22 Mataram. A quantitative approach with a correlational ex post facto design was employed. All grade VII, VIII, and IX students in the 2025/2026 academic year served as a saturated sample of 106 students. Data were collected using Likert-scale questionnaires (literacy program: 11 items; reading interest: 41 items) and a multiple-choice reading literacy test (18 items), all of which had been validated. Data were analyzed using multiple linear regression via SPSS version 26. Results show: (1) the literacy program had no significant partial effect on reading literacy ability (t = 1.282; sig. 0.203 > 0.05); (2) reading interest had a significant partial effect on reading literacy ability (t = 9.717; sig. 0.000 < 0.05); and (3) simultaneously, the literacy program and reading interest significantly affected reading literacy ability (F = 87.934; sig. 0.000 < 0.05), contributing 63.1% of the variance. This study confirms that reading interest is the dominant predictor of reading literacy, suggesting that literacy programs need to be evaluated by their capacity to cultivate sustained reading interest. ABSTRAK Kemampuan literasi membaca siswa Indonesia masih tergolong rendah, termasuk di jenjang SMP. Program literasi sekolah dan minat baca diyakini sebagai dua faktor penting yang berkontribusi terhadap kemampuan tersebut, namun hasil penelitian sebelumnya masih belum konsisten. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kontribusi program literasi dan minat baca secara parsial maupun simultan terhadap kemampuan literasi membaca siswa di SMP Negeri 22 Mataram. Pendekatan yang digunakan adalah kuantitatif dengan desain korelasional ex post facto. Seluruh siswa kelas VII, VIII, dan IX tahun ajaran 2025/2026 dijadikan sampel jenuh dengan jumlah 106 siswa. Data dikumpulkan melalui angket berskala Likert (program literasi: 11 butir; minat baca: 41 butir) dan tes pilihan ganda kemampuan literasi membaca (18 butir) yang telah divalidasi. Analisis data menggunakan regresi linear berganda dengan bantuan SPSS versi 26. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan: (1) program literasi secara parsial tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kemampuan literasi membaca siswa (t = 1,282; sig. 0,203 > 0,05); (2) minat baca secara parsial berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kemampuan literasi membaca siswa (t = 9,717; sig. 0,000 < 0,05); dan (3) secara simultan, program literasi dan minat baca berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kemampuan literasi membaca siswa (F = 87,934; sig. 0,000 < 0,05) dengan kontribusi sebesar 63,1%. Penelitian ini menegaskan bahwa minat baca merupakan prediktor dominan kemampuan literasi membaca, sehingga efektivitas program literasi perlu diukur dari sejauh mana ia mampu menumbuhkan minat baca yang berkelanjutan.

IMPLEMENTASI LITERASI NILAIBUDAYA PADA PROGRAM SABTU BUDAYA DAN PAGELARAN SENI (SABDAGENI) Farero, Riyan Gusti; Rohiyatun, Baiq; Faqih, M.
SECONDARY: Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan Menengah Vol. 6 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Pusat Pengembangan Pendidikan dan Penelitian Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51878/secondary.v6i2.9940

ABSTRACT The strengthening of cultural literacy in the educational environment is an effort to develop students’ character to be culturally aware, ethical, and tolerant amid the growing influence of globalization. Schools play a strategic role in integrating cultural values into various educational activities so that these values are not only theoretical but also internalized in students’ daily behavior. This study aims to describe the implementation of cultural literacy in the Sabtu Budaya and Pagelaran Seni (SABDAGENI) Program at SMPN 6 Mataram, identify the challenges and obstacles in its implementation, and analyze its impact on students. This study employs a qualitative approach with a descriptive research design. The research subjects include the principal, vice principals, teachers, school staff, and students. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation. Data analysis was conducted using the interactive model of Miles and Huberman, which consists of data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The findings show that the implementation of cultural literacy through the SABDAGENI Program is carried out continuously and integrated into school activities with cultural nuances. The program receives support from various stakeholders within the school and involves active participation from students in forming habits and behaviors that reflect cultural values. However, its implementation still faces several challenges, particularly related to limited facilities and supporting resources. Nevertheless, the program has a positive impact on improving students’ understanding and internalization of cultural values, which is reflected in the development of culturally aware and tolerant character as well as the creation of a conducive and inclusive school environment. ABSTRAK Penguatan literasi nilai budaya di lingkungan pendidikan merupakan upaya untuk membentuk karakter peserta didik yang berbudaya, beretika, dan memiliki sikap toleran di tengah arus globalisasi yang semakin kuat. Sekolah memiliki peran strategis dalam mengintegrasikan nilai-nilai budaya ke dalam berbagai aktivitas pendidikan sehingga tidak hanya bersifat teoritis, tetapi juga dapat diinternalisasikan dalam perilaku sehari-hari peserta didik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan implementasi literasi nilai budaya pada Program Sabtu Budaya dan Pagelaran Seni (SABDAGENI) di SMPN 6 Mataram, mengidentifikasi tantangan dan hambatan pelaksanaannya, serta menganalisis dampak program tersebut terhadap peserta didik. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian deskriptif. Subjek penelitian meliputi kepala sekolah, wakil kepala sekolah, guru, staf sekolah, dan peserta didik. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Analisis data menggunakan model interaktif Miles dan Huberman yang meliputi reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa implementasi literasi nilai budaya melalui Program SABDAGENI dilaksanakan secara berkelanjutan dan terintegrasi dalam kegiatan sekolah yang bernuansa budaya. Program ini mendapatkan dukungan dari berbagai pihak di lingkungan sekolah serta melibatkan partisipasi aktif peserta didik dalam pembentukan kebiasaan dan sikap yang mencerminkan nilai-nilai budaya. Namun demikian, pelaksanaannya masih menghadapi beberapa kendala, terutama terkait keterbatasan sarana dan prasarana serta sumber daya pendukung. Meskipun demikian, program ini memberikan dampak positif terhadap peningkatan pemahaman dan internalisasi nilai budaya pada diri peserta didik, yang tercermin dalam terbentuknya karakter yang lebih berbudaya, toleran, serta terciptanya iklim sekolah yang kondusif dan inklusif.

IMPLEMENTASI PROBLEM BASED LEARNING UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KETERAMPILAN BERPIKIR KRITIS PESERTA DIDIK Mahajeng, Mayang Chris; Hendratmoko, Ahmad Fauzi
SECONDARY: Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan Menengah Vol. 6 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Pusat Pengembangan Pendidikan dan Penelitian Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51878/secondary.v6i2.10004

The advancement of 21st century technology has a substantial influence on various aspects of life, critical thinking skills are one of the important skills that students must have in the advancement of 21st century technology. The purpose of this study is to describe students' critical thinking skills. This type of research uses a pre-experimental design using a one-group pretest-posttest design. The research sample was 27 students of class VII-B of SMP Labschool UNESA 1 Surabaya, sampling using purposive sampling. The instruments used in this study were pretest and posttest sheets, with data collection techniques through tests. The improvement of students' critical thinking skills obtained a normality value of 0.097 then a Paired t-Test was conducted with a significance value of <0.001 meaning that there was a difference between the pretest and posttest scores in the implementation of PBL to improve students' critical thinking skills. The improvement of students' critical thinking skills was also analyzed using N-gain which obtained a medium to high category on each indicator used and, analyzed using an effect size which was in the high category with a value of 5.63. Thus, based on these results, it can be concluded that implementing the PBL model can improve students' critical thinking skills.

OPTIMALISASI PERAN GURU PAI SEBAGAI SOLUSI PENINGKATAN MUTU PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER QUR’ANI DI MTsN Listrianti, Feriska; Hafifa, Siti Nur
SECONDARY: Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan Menengah Vol. 6 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Pusat Pengembangan Pendidikan dan Penelitian Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51878/secondary.v6i2.10079

The formation of a Qur’anic generation in junior secondary schools has become an urgent necessity in responding to moral and social challenges in the modern era. In this context, Islamic Religious Education (PAI) teachers hold a highly strategic role in shaping students’ character. This study aims to analyze in depth how PAI teachers contribute to the development of students’ Qur’anic character through role modeling, habituation, and religious programs implemented at school. This research employed a qualitative approach using interviews, observations, and documentation to obtain comprehensive data. The findings reveal that PAI teachers function not only as knowledge transmitters but also as spiritual mentors who influence students’ behavior through positive and consistent emotional relationships. Observations indicate that routine activities such as morning Qur’an recitation, greeting culture, dhuha prayer, and moral reinforcement significantly contribute to character formation. School documentation further demonstrates the existence of a structured and sustainable habituation system that strengthens Qur’anic values in students’ daily lives. This study concludes that the formation of a Qur’anic generation requires an integrated approach encompassing instruction, role modeling, habituation, and comprehensive management of religious activities. ABSTRAK Pembentukan generasi Qur’ani di sekolah menengah pertama menjadi kebutuhan penting untuk menghadapi tantangan moral dan sosial di era modern, sehingga peran guru Pendidikan Agama Islam (PAI) memegang posisi yang sangat strategis dalam proses tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis secara mendalam bagaimana guru PAI berperan dalam membentuk karakter Qur’ani siswa melalui keteladanan, pembiasaan, dan program keagamaan di sekolah. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan teknik wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi untuk memperoleh data secara menyeluruh. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa guru PAI tidak hanya bertindak sebagai penyampai materi, tetapi juga sebagai pembimbing spiritual yang memengaruhi perilaku siswa melalui hubungan emosional yang positif dan konsisten. Observasi menunjukkan bahwa kegiatan rutin seperti tadarus pagi, salam, salat dhuha, dan penguatan akhlak memainkan peran penting dalam pembentukan karakter. Dokumentasi sekolah memperlihatkan adanya sistem pembiasaan yang terstruktur dan berkelanjutan yang memperkuat nilai-nilai Qur’ani dalam kehidupan sehari-hari siswa. Penelitian ini menegaskan bahwa pembentukan generasi Qur’ani memerlukan integrasi antara pembelajaran, keteladanan, pembiasaan, dan manajemen kegiatan religius secara menyeluruh.

STRATEGI KEPEMIMPINAN KEPALA SEKOLAH DALAM MENINGKATKAN KINERJA GURU DI ERA DIGITALISASI Rumbiak, Edison; Irianto, Petrus; Masreng, Robert; Hutabarat, Ida M.; Mataputung, Yulius; Kurniawan, Diki
SECONDARY: Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan Menengah Vol. 6 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Pusat Pengembangan Pendidikan dan Penelitian Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51878/secondary.v6i2.10080

This research aims to analyze the principal's leadership strategies in improving teacher performance in the digitalization era at SMP Negeri 2 Tiom, Lanny Jaya Regency, Highland Papua Province. The focus includes strategies for fostering morale and confidence, providing guidance and direction, the role of modeling, and providing inspiration, as well as identifying supporting factors, inhibitors, and the impact of these strategies. This study employs a qualitative approach with a case study design. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with eight informants (principal, teachers, operator, committee, and students), participant observation, and documentation studies. Data analysis was conducted using the Miles and Huberman interactive model, consisting of data condensation, data display, and conclusion drawing. The results indicate that the principal implements a "Context-Responsive Digital Leadership" strategy through a humanist and communicative approach to reduce the psychological barriers of teachers in 3T (Frontier, Outermost, and Disadvantaged) regions. Guidance is provided through reflective clinical supervision and internal peer mentoring programs to overcome the limitations of external training. The principal's digital role modeling in school administration serves as a catalyst for teachers to begin adopting technology gradually. The findings identify that the availability of 24-hour electricity since mid-2024 is a primary supporting factor, while internet infrastructure and the 2026 student device restriction policy are significant inhibitors. The implementation of these strategies has a positive impact on increasing teacher discipline and student learning motivation. The study concludes that integrating "Noken" local wisdom values into the school's digital culture strengthens the resilience of educational institutions in remote areas.

IMPLEMENTASI DEEP LEARNING PADA PEMBELAJARAN SEJARAH DALAM KURIKULUM NASIONAL SMA Zandini, Syakila; Ahmad, Tsabit Azinar
SECONDARY: Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan Menengah Vol. 6 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Pusat Pengembangan Pendidikan dan Penelitian Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51878/secondary.v6i2.10081

The purpose of the research is to analyze the implementation of the Deep learning approach in history learning at SMA Negeri 4 Semarang, including aspects of lesson planning, classroom implementation, the challenges encountered, and the efforts made to optimize its application. This research employs a qualitative method with a case study approach conducted at SMA Negeri 4 Semarang during the even semester of the 2025/2026 academic year. The research subjects consist of history teachers and students involved in the learning process. Data collection techniques include observation, in-depth interviews, and document analysis. Data analysis was carried out through the stages of data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing, with source and technique triangulation applied to ensure the validity of the data. The results show that the implementation of Deep learning has been integrated into lesson planning through learning objectives based on higher order thinking skills, the selection of contextual learning materials, the use of active learning models such as Project-Based Learning, Problem-Based Learning, and Discovery Learning, as well as the application of authentic assessment. The implementation of learning demonstrates active student engagement through discussions, analysis of historical sources, presentations, and project-based activities. However, the implementation of this approach still faces challenges, including differences in students’ critical thinking abilities and teachers’ adaptation to the new approach. Overall, the Deep learning approach at SMA Negeri 4 Semarang contributes to creating history learning that is joyful, meaningful, and mindful for students.This implies that the application of the Deep Learning approach in history learning promotes a more student-centered learning process. Therefore, this research contributes to the body of knowledge on the implementation of Deep Learning in history education at the senior high school level, as well as providing practical contributions for teachers and educational institutions in developing more innovative, contextual, and student-centred learning strategies.

ANALISIS IMPLEMENTASI MODEL EXPERIENTIAL LEARNING DALAM MENINGKATKAN PEMAHAMAN PESERTA DIDIK PADA MATERI IBADAH PRAKTIS DI MAS Pranoto, Latief Wahyu; Subandi, Subandi; Isti’ana, Ais
SECONDARY: Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan Menengah Vol. 6 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Pusat Pengembangan Pendidikan dan Penelitian Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51878/secondary.v6i2.10082

Learning Islamic Religious Education on practical worship materials, especially funeral arrangements, requires understanding that is not only theoretical, but also applicable through direct experience. This study aims to analyze the implementation of the experiential learning model in improving students' understanding of funeral arrangements material at MAS Baitul Kirom. This study uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive design. The research subjects include Islamic Religious Education teachers and Madrasah Aliyah students. Data collection was carried out through observation, interviews, and documentation, while data analysis was carried out inductively through the stages of data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions, and its validity was tested by triangulation of sources and methods. The results of the study indicate that the experiential learning model is applied systematically through four stages, namely concrete experience, reflective observation, abstract conceptualization, and active experimentation. The implementation of this model provides a meaningful learning experience and contributes positively to students' understanding in the cognitive, affective, and psychomotor aspects. Overall, student understanding was in the good category, with an average class score of 82, and 79% of students achieving the Minimum Completion Criteria. Thus, the experiential learning model has proven relevant and effective in improving student understanding of practical worship materials on funeral arrangements and can be used as an alternative contextual and applicable Islamic Religious Education learning model.

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Muhamad Suhardi

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Abstract

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Home Page

OAI Link

Editorial Team

Contact

Reviewer

Google Scholar

Contact Name Muhamad Suhardi

Contact Email jurnalp4i@gmail.com

Phone +6285239967417

Journal Mail Official Jurnalp4i@gmail.com

Editorial Address Lingkungan Handayani, Kel. Leneng, kec. Praya, Kab. Lombok Tengah, Nusa Tenggara Barat

Location Unknown, Unknown INDONESIA

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Contact Name
Muhamad Suhardi

Contact Email
jurnalp4i@gmail.com

Phone
+6285239967417

Journal Mail Official
Jurnalp4i@gmail.com

Editorial Address
Lingkungan Handayani, Kel. Leneng, kec. Praya, Kab. Lombok Tengah, Nusa Tenggara Barat

Location
Unknown,

Unknown

INDONESIA