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Ivandini Tribidasari A.
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Makara Journal of Science
Published by Universitas Indonesia
ISSN : 23391995     EISSN : 23560851     DOI : https://doi.org/10.7454/mss
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Makara Journal of Science publishes original research or theoretical papers, notes, and minireviews on new knowledge and research or research applications on current issues in basic sciences, namely: Material Sciences (including: physics, biology, and chemistry); Biochemistry, Genetics, and Molecular Biology (including: microbiology, physiology, ecology, taxonomy and evolution); and Biotechnology.
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Articles 880 Documents
 84   85   86   87   88 
Effect of Red and Blue Light on Lipid, Protein, Carbohydrate, and Pigment Contents of Navicula sp. Maulana, Sofyan; Nurul Hida, Aulia Setyo; Wulandari, Ismia; Mudrikah, Siti; Kurnianto, Dedy; Maghfiroh, Khusnul Qonita; Amelia, Ria; Erfianti, Tia; Putri, Renata Adaranyssa Egistha; Devi Anggraini, Irika; Marno, Septhian; Suyono, Eko Agus Agus
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 29, No. 3
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Light quality critically modulates the physiology of diatoms, influencing photosynthetic efficiency and metabolite synthesis. This study examines how monochromatic red (620–750 nm) or blue (450–495 nm) light affects the biochemical profiles and pigment production in Navicula sp. versus white light (control). Cultures were grown in sterile f/2 medium, and biomass was tracked via OD680. Biochemical analyses included lipids (Bligh and Dyer method), carbohydrates (phenol-sulfuric acid assay), proteins (Bradford assay), and pigments (spectrophotometric quantification). The growth dynamics were modeled using logistic and Gompertz equations. No significant differences in OD-based growth rates, carbohydrates, proteins, or lipids content were observed with red or blue light compared with the control. However, blue light elevated chlorophyll a levels 4-fold and maximized protein productivity 3-fold, whereas red light enhanced carotenoid content by 20.5-fold. The growth kinetics modeling that best matched the experimental data was the Gompertz modeling (R² > 0.649). These results demonstrate the wavelength-specific regulation of pigment and protein yields, suggesting that tailored light regimes can selectively optimize high-value metabolites in Navicula sp. This approach holds promise for biotechnology sectors prioritizing targeted compound production, such as nutraceuticals or biofuels, by leveraging spectral tuning to enhance metabolic efficiency and predicting particular growth phases using growth kinetics.
Characteristics and Potential Indigenous Bacteria Isolated from Shallot Farming in Brebes Regency as Diazinon Pesticide Remediation Agents Purbalisa, Wahyu; Hendrayanti, Dian; Yusuf, Wahida Annisa
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 29, No. 3
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Diazinon is an organophosphate pesticide that is widely used by shallot farmers in Brebes Regency. Due to its toxicity, diazinon residue in agricultural lands as well as plants’ cultivation is harmful to humans and the environment. Using indigenous soil bacteria as a remediation agent is an alternative solution to overcome diazinon contamination. Firstly, this study aimed to characterize isolates from diazinon-contaminated shallot farming. The second objective was to test the diazinon tolerance of the isolates in various diazinon concentrations. Isolation was carried out using nutrient agar (NA) media containing diazinon concentrations of 5, 25, 50, and 100 ppm. The characterization of isolates was based on morphology and physical chemistry, including gram staining, catalase-oxidase, and carbohydrate fermentation tests. A hypersensitive test was conducted to ensure the non-pathogenic properties of the isolates. Diazinon degradation was tested using gas chromatography. This study successfully obtained 10 isolates, six of which were Gram-positive bacteria. The colonial shapes were various, including circular, filamentous, and irregular. All isolates were neutrophilic bacteria, positively reacted to catalase tests, and could use glucose in carbohydrate fermentation tests. The hypersensitive test demonstrated that all isolates were non-pathogenic. All isolates adapted to various concentrations of diazinon up to 50 ppm. The highest diazinon degradation (82.2%) was performed by Gram positive-filamentous strain KD1-D100.1. The application of indigenous isolates in this research will be studied further by testing the single and consortium inoculation for soil remediation.
Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking Analysis of Nephelium lappaceum (Rambutan) Compounds as Potential Alternative Treatments for Lung Cancer Utami, Dwi; Farid, Muhammad; Putri, Rachma Greta Perdana
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 29, No. 3
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Introduction: Lung cancer is characterized by high mortality rates and poor prognosis, further requiring alternative therapies owing to the adverse effects of conventional chemotherapy. Rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.) has antimicrobial, antiproliferative, and antioxidant properties and can cure cancer. Method: Compounds from rambutan peel were identified through PubChem and analyzed for physicochemical properties using SwissADME. Target proteins were identified using SuperPred and compared with lung cancer–related proteins from GeneCards via Venny. Protein interactions were examined and visualized using STRING and Cytoscape, respectively. Protein activity was analyzed using WebGestalt, and docking simulations were performed using Autodock 4.2.6. Result: Physicochemical analysis of 10 active rambutan compounds via SwissADME showed favorable properties based on Lipinski’s rule, suggesting good oral bioavailability. In total, 276 specific target proteins were related to lung cancer. Cytoscape visualized the 53 core proteins implicated in lung cancer. Gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analyses indicated that rambutan compounds are active in lung cancer pathways, particularly nonsmall cell lung cancer. The analysis identified the top 10 interacting proteins STAT3 and CASP3 had the highest interaction value of 28, followed by PIK3CA and NFKB1 at 22, MAPK3, PIK3R1, PTGS2, GRB2, MAPK1, and CASP8. Per docking simulations, 1,2-diphenylethane-1-ol was the highest affinity to STAT3 (−4.78) and CASP3 (−6.75). Conclusion: Rambutan peel compounds have remarkable anticancer potential, particularly with high affinity for STAT3 and CASP3 proteins, based on in silico molecular docking studies.
Plasmonic Nanoparticle Integration on Fiber Optic: Role of Organic Linker and Functionalization Length in Refractive Index Sensing Ilmiyah, Shela; Syahadi, Mohamad; Muflikhah, Muflikhah; Pradana, Yuwana; Supardi, Zainul Arifin Iman; Darmadi, Iwan; Aprilia, Lia
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 29, No. 3
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Nanoplasmonic fiber optic sensors leverage the optical fiber’s inherent compactness and surface sensitivity via evanescent-field interactions with the localized surface plasmon resonance of the metallic nanoparticles. One of the popular approaches is self-assembly owing to its relatively low cost. Despite its low cost, the self-assembly technique has low reproducibility and exhibits low sensitivity because of low nanoplasmonic coverage on the fiber optic surface. In this study, several fabrication techniques were explored to assess the refractive index sensitivity by comparing three common organosilanes, i.e., (3-Aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES), (3-Aminopropyl)trimethoxysilane, and (3-Mercaptopropyl)trimethoxysilane. Comparative analyses assessed the anchoring efficiency of the three silanes, sensor reproducibility, functionalization-length sensitivity, and the sensor’s ability in glucose detection (5%–50%) in the reflection and transmission modes. As a result, the APTES-promoted sensor exhibited the best sensing sensitivity among the others, likely owing to their more uniform monolayer formation and the more favorable interaction between NH₂ groups and Au nanoparticles compared with SH groups. Glucose sensing displays a sensitivity of 0.196 nm/%glucose (for reflection) and 0.389 nm/%glucose (for transmission). The limits of detection were 19.44% (for reflection) and 5.71% (for transmission). This study provides important perspectives for the potential use of nanoplasmonic fiber optic sensors in biological and chemical sensing.
Adsorption of Cu(II) Ions from Aqueous Solutions using a Magnetite Biochar Composite Material Ta'bi, Widi Aprilia; Taba, Paulina; Wahab, Abdul Wahid; Gappa, Maming; Zakir, Muhammad; Permatasari, Nur Umriani
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 29, No. 3
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Water contamination from heavy metals, such as Cu(II) ions, poses severe threats to human health and the environment. This necessitates the development of efficient and eco-friendly treatment methods. In this study, a magnetite–biochar composite (MBC) was developed as an effective adsorbent for reducing Cu(II) ions from liquid waste. Biochar was produced through the pyrolysis of water hyacinth at 500 °C, while magnetite was synthesized using FeSO₄·7H₂O and FeCl₃·6H₂O with molar ratio of 1:2. The MBC was formed using a co-precipitation method and characterized by Fourier transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller, and vibration sample magnetometer instruments. FTIR analysis confirmed the presence of Fe–O bonds, and XRD detected Fe₃O₄ peaks, confirming the successful integration of magnetite into the composite. The MBC exhibited a surface area of 72.54 m²/g and a saturation magnetization of 19.10 emu/g. Optimal Cu(II) ion adsorption occurred at pH 6 and a contact time of 60 min. Adsorption kinetics followed the pseudo-second-order model, and isothermal analysis aligned with the Sips model, indicating an adsorption capacity of 75.73 mg/g. These results demonstrate MBC’s excellent potential as a sustainable and effective adsorbent for treating Cu(II)-contaminated wastewater, offering an environmentally friendly solution to heavy metal pollution.
Morphometric Analysis, Genetic Diversity, and Population Structure of Two Spiny Lobster Species from Palu Bay, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia Serdiati, Novalina; Nurdin, Muh Saleh; Hasanah, Nur; Putra, Aswad Eka; Mansyur, Kasim; Azmi, Fauziah; Haser, Teuku Fadlon; Islamy, Raden Adharyan
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 29, No. 3
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Indonesia could potentially benefit significantly from economically important lobster species of the Panulirus genus, particularly the painted spiny lobster (P. versicolor) and the white-whiskered coral crayfish (P. femoristriga). Effective conservation decisions relating to these species require detailed knowledge of morphological variation and genetic relationships, especially in Palu Bay, Central Sulawesi, which is broadly considered pivotal for lobster conservation management. In this study, we conducted morphometric and genetic analyses to examine diversity and population structure of P. versicolor and P. femoristriga. From May to November 2021, a total of 72 specimens were collected in Kabonga Village, Donggala Regency, consisting of 53 P. versicolor and 19 P. femoristriga. Using the truss morphometric method, we divided the lobster body into four regions and measured 24 morphometric characters. Despite shared external traits, our truss morphometric analysis indicated that the two species represent distinct populations. Genetic analyses were performed on representative samples (n = 2) using mitochondrial COI sequences, confirming their identity as P. versicolor and P. femoristriga. Although haplotype analysis revealed genetic variability, the analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) showed that the two populations shared genetic traits and had no significant genetic differences. Haplotype networks further indicated interconnections with more than one nucleotide substitution among haplotypes. Our findings demonstrate that although P. versicolor and P. femoristriga coexist in Palu Bay, they are morphologically distinct and require separate management and conservation strategies. These results provide baseline information for developing sustainable lobster fishery management in Central Sulawesi.
Effect of Niobium Dopant on ZnO Thin Films Prepared via the Sol–gel Spin Coating Method Eswar, Kevin Alvin; Rostan, Nur Fairuz; Mohamad, Maryam; Md Akhir, Rabiatuladawiyah; Rasmidi, Rosfayanti; Guliling, Muliyadi; Azhar, Najwa Ezira; Buniyamin, Irmaizatussyehdany; Malek, Mohd Firdaus; Mahmood, Mohamad Rusop; Suhaimi, Husairi Fadzilah; Abdullah, Saifollah
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 29, No. 1
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Thin films of zinc oxide (ZnO) and niobium (Nb)-doped ZnO were deposited on a glass substrate using the sol–gel spin coating method. Diethanolamine, isopropyl alcohol, and zinc acetate served as the stabilizers, solvent, and starting ma-terial, respectively. Niobium pentachloride was employed as the dopant source. Energy-dispersive X-ray analysis con-firmed Nb incorporation. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and ultravio-let–visible spectroscopy (UV–Vis) analyses characterized the morphology, structure, and optics of the films, respective-ly. Both films, comprising nanoparticles, were visible in FESEM. Nb doping reduced the particle size from 44.2 nm to 35.8 nm. The XRD peaks at 31.23°, 33.48°, and 35.7° indicate the (100), (002), and (101) orientations, respectively. Nb-doped ZnO exhibited enhanced visible-range transmission in UV–Vis analysis. However, UV spectrum transmission significantly decreased. Nb doping reduced the optical bandgap of ZnO from 3.30 eV to 3.27 eV.
Chitosan Extraction from Anabas testudineus Scales for Enhancing the Properties of Edible Corn Starch-Based Films: Characterization and Performance Evaluation Ristianingsih, Yuli; Hernadin, Ivan Aldino; Timotius, Daniel
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 29, No. 1
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The papuyu fish (Anabas testudineus) is a freshwater species found in South and Southeast Asia. It is known for its ability to survive in extreme conditions, such as low oxygen levels and poor water quality, making it a potential candi-date for climate-resilient aquaculture. In this study, chitosan was extracted from the scales of papuyu fish through de-mineralization using 1 N HCl solution, deproteination using 5% NaOH solution, and deacetylation using 70% NaOH solution, resulting in an overall yield of 5.11%. The extracted chitosan was added to edible film made from corn starch, and the properties of the prepared films were characterized via Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning elec-tron microscopy, water solubility test, and water vapor permeability test. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy re-vealed the presence of characteristic peaks of chitosan, such as amide I (C=O) and amide II (C–N), at around 1647.26 cm−1. Scanning electron microscopy revealed the presence of pores in the edible films. Furthermore, the water solubility of the prepared films decreased with increasing chitosan content. However, the addition of chitosan did not significant-ly affect the permeability
Screening for Penicillin G Acylase (PGA)-Producing Bacteria and Gene Cloning Using Degenerate Oligonucleotide Primed-PCR Masdalifah, Masdalifah; Wulandari, Sri Rezeki; Sabbathini, Gabriela Christy; Ulfah, Maria; Achnafani, Dini; Wibisana, Ahmad; Sriherfyna, Feronika Heppy; Helianti, Is; Nurhayati, Niknik
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 29, No. 1
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The growing concern over antibiotic resistance has driven global efforts to explore innovative solutions, including the use of Penicillin G acylase (PGA) to produce semisynthetic β-lactam antibiotics. This study screened four potential in-tracellular PGA-producing bacteria: Alcaligenes faecalis InaCC B444 (AfPGA), Kluyvera cryocrescens InaCC B850 (KcPGA), Providencia rettgeri InaCC B25 (Pr25PGA), and P. rettgeri InaCC B466 (Pr466PGA). Penicillin G Acylase encoding genes (pgas) were isolated from them using a Degenerate Oligonucleotide Primed-PCR (DOP-PCR) approach and sequenced. Microbiological assays confirmed all tested crude extracts to exhibit inhibitory effects. Penicillin G was used for evaluating hydrolytic activity and 6-Amino Penicillanic Acid (6-APA) coupled with D-p-Hydroxyl-phenylglycine methyl ester hydrochloride (DHPGME) for the synthetic activity. Pr466PGA and Pr25PGA showed the highest synthetic and hydrolytic activities, respectively. DOP-PCR successfully amplified a 2,517 bp pga-encoding Pr25PGA. The deduced amino acid sequence shared 95.1% identity with the known PGA from P. rettgeri PX04. Sec-ondary structure analysis of Pr25PGA revealed 35% α-helices, 16% β-sheets, and 49% coils, suggesting that the enzyme may be flexible and dynamic, with structural stability primarily provided by the α-helices and β-sheets. These findings offer valuable insights for the future design and application of Pr25PGA, particularly in the production of semisynthetic β-lactam antibiotics.
Molecular Interaction of Purple Rice Ferulic Acid and Skin Aging-Related Enzymes Wijayanti, Ernanin Dyah; Fatchiyah, Fatchiyah; Safitri, Anna; Siswanto, Dian
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 29, No. 1
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Purple rice is rich in ferulic acid, a phenolic acid abundant in rice. Ferulic acid (FA) has long been recognized for its anti-oxidant properties, which are linked to its skin anti-aging activity owing to its ability to scavenge free radicals and pro-tect cells from damage. Skin anti-aging activity could be assessed by inhibiting skin aging enzymes. However, there was limited information on the mechanism of FA inhibition of these enzymes. This study focused on the molecular interac-tion between purple rice FA and collagenase or tyrosinase, both with and without their substrates. The interaction be-tween FA (CID 445858), collagenase (2Y6I), tyrosinase (5M8M), collagenase substrate (CID 5486160), and tyrosinase substrate (CID 6057) was docked using Hex 8.0.0 Cuda with the default settings. Discovery Studio 2020 and LigPlot software were used to visualize the docking results. Ascorbic acid (CID 54670067) and kojic acid (CID 3840) were used as positive controls for collagenase and tyrosinase, respectively. Molecular docking revealed that FA formed electro-static, hydrogen, and hydrophobic bonds with all aging enzymes, substrates, and enzyme–substrate complexes. FA could bind to both free enzymes and free substrates, consequently attenuating enzyme–substrate bonding, and preventing the substrate from binding appropriately in its normal position. Molecular dynamics simulations demonstrated that FA formed a stable bond with tyrosinase, similar to kojic acid, although the bond with collagenase was less stable. However, the pattern of each parameter during the simulation was comparable with that of ascorbic acid. The current study indicated that the FA from purple rice had the potential to act as an inhibitor of skin aging en-zymes and could be developed as a skin anti-aging candidate

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