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Journal of Pharmaceutical and Sciences.
Published by Universitas Tjut Nyak Dhien
ISSN : -     EISSN : 26563088     DOI : https://doi.org/10.36490/journal-jps.com
Core Subject : Health, Science, Agriculture, Engineering,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Immunology & microbiology Materials Science & Nanotechnology Medicine & Pharmacology Nursing Public Health
Journal of Pharmaceutical and Sciences (JPS) with e-ISSN: 2656-3088 is a scholarly peer-reviewed open access journal related to Pharmaceutics, Pharmacology, biotechnology, Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Pharmacy practice, Pharmacogenomics, Medicinal Chemistry, Molecular Pharmacology, Novel drug delivery system, Nanotechnology, Analytical Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, Natural Chemistry, Polymer Sciences, Clinical Pharmacy, pharmaceutical management, pharmacoeconomics, pharmacoepidemiology, clinical pharmacy, community pharmacy, social pharmacy, pharmaceutical marketing, government policies related to pharmacy, pharmaceutical care, Medical Biotechnology, Biochemistry, food chemistry, health and applied sciences relevant to the field of pharmacy. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Sciences (JPS) accepts manuscripts in Indonesian Language (Bahasa Indonesia) with titles and abstracts in bilingual, both Indonesian and English. We accept article manuscripts in the form of original research, literature reviews, and systematic reviews. We do not accept articles in the form of case reports
Arjuna Subject : Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics - Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Lain-Lain)
Articles 654 Documents
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Kandungan Vitamin C dan Uji Aktivitas Antioksidan Teh Herbal Kombucha Daun Bidara (Ziziphus mauritiana Lam) Siagian , Anggi Yani; Yuniarti, Rafita; Daulay, Anny Sartika; Pulungan , Ainil Fithri
Journal of Pharmaceutical and Sciences JPS Volume 8 Nomor 2 (2025)
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Tjut Nyak Dhien

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36490/journal-jps.com.v8i2.880

Abstract

Background: Bidara leaves (Ziziphus mauritiana Lam.) have long been used in traditional medicine due to their bioactive compounds, such as flavonoids, tannins, and vitamin C. Fermenting bidara leaves into kombucha has the potential to enhance antioxidant activity through bioconversion processes carried out by starter microbes (Acetobacter xylinum and Saccharomyces cerevisiae). However, scientific data regarding the vitamin C profile and antioxidant activity of bidara leaf kombucha remain limited. Objective: This study aims to analyze the vitamin C content and antioxidant activity of bidara leaf herbal kombucha, as well as to characterize the quality of the simplisia based on the Indonesian National Standard (SNI) 4324:2014. Methods: This descriptive study involved: (1) preparation of bidara leaf simplisia, (2) 12-day kombucha fermentation, (3) phytochemical screening, (4) determination of vitamin C content using UV-Vis spectrophotometry (λ = 266 nm), and (5) antioxidant activity assay using the DPPH method (λ = 517 nm). Results: The bidara leaf simplisia met the SNI quality standards, with a moisture content of 5.33% and a total ash content of 6.73%. Phytochemical screening identified the presence of flavonoids, saponins, tannins, glycosides, steroids/triterpenoids, and alkaloids. The vitamin C content of the kombucha was 0.009 mg/g, while the IC₅₀ value for antioxidant activity was 621.2158 µg/mL, which falls into the weak category. Conclusion: Bidara leaf kombucha contains bioactive compounds and vitamin C, with weak antioxidant activity. Fermentation increases antioxidant activity compared to non-fermented bidara tea infusion (IC₅₀ = 1129.0069 µg/mL), although it remains lower than that of pure vitamin C (IC₅₀ = 3.0710 µg/mL).
Tingkat Pengetahuan dan Kepatuhan Pasien dalam Penggunaan Obat Sesuai Prinsip Syariah Selama Ramadan di Apotek Cahaya Farma Wulansari, Eka; Rini , Dewi Setyo; Azizah , Sekar
Journal of Pharmaceutical and Sciences JPS Volume 8 Nomor 2 (2025)
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Tjut Nyak Dhien

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36490/journal-jps.com.v8i2.884

Abstract

Background: As the country with the largest Muslim population in the world, Indonesia faces unique challenges regarding medication use during Ramadan. Proper understanding of Sharia principles in medication use is crucial to ensure therapeutic effectiveness without disrupting fasting rituals. However, many people still lack knowledge about appropriate medication rules during Ramadan. Objective: This study aims to assess patients' level of knowledge and compliance in using medications according to Sharia principles during Ramadan at Cahaya Farma Pharmacy in Semarang. Methods: This study employed a cross-sectional design with a quantitative approach. Data were collected through questionnaires administered to 60 pharmacy visitors aged 17–50 years who agreed to participate. Data analysis involved calculating the percentage of correct answers and categorizing knowledge levels into good (76–100%), moderate (56–75%), and poor (≤55%). Results: 63% of respondents had a moderate understanding of medication use during Ramadan. Most patients correctly recognized that oral medications invalidate fasting (100%), but knowledge about non-oral preparations such as sublingual drugs (5%) and inhalers (55%) remained low. Understanding of dosage schedule adjustments for chronic conditions like diabetes was also limited (5%). Conclusion: Patients' knowledge about Sharia-compliant medication use during Ramadan was at a moderate level. More intensive education is needed, particularly concerning non-oral medications and therapy adjustments for chronic diseases. Collaboration between healthcare professionals and religious leaders could enhance public understanding and promote safe, Sharia-compliant medication practices.
Konsentrasi Hambat Minimum dan Konsentrasi Bunuh Minimum Ekstrak Dan Nanopartikel Ekstrak Daun Pometia pinnata Terhadap Staphyloccocus aureus dan Escherichia coli Sony , Suyefri; Rahayu, Yayuk Putri; Nasution , Haris Munandar; Rani, Zulmai
Journal of Pharmaceutical and Sciences JPS Volume 8 Nomor 2 (2025)
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Tjut Nyak Dhien

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36490/journal-jps.com.v8i2.885

Abstract

Background: Infectious diseases caused by bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus have become a global health issue. Matoa leaves (Pometia pinnata) are known to contain antibacterial compounds that hold potential as alternative treatments. Objective: This study aimed to produce nanoparticles from the ethanol extract of matoa leaves and compare the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) values of both the extract and its nanoparticles against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Methods: This experimental research used different concentrations of matoa leaf ethanol extract (6.25%, 12.5%, 25%, 50%) and nanoparticle extract (0.625%, 1.25%, 2.5%, 5%). Nanoparticle characterization was performed using a Particle Size Analyzer (PSA). Results: The nanoparticle characterization showed a size of 528.95 nm. The MIC value of the matoa leaf extract against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus was 12.5%, while for the nanoparticles, it was 1.25%. The MBC value of the matoa leaf extract was 50%, and for the nanoparticles, it was 5%. The highest antibacterial activity of the ethanol extract was 18.3 mm and 18.4 mm, while for the nanoparticles, it was 18.5 mm and 19.0 mm. Conclusion: The nanoparticle extract of matoa leaves was more effective in inhibiting and killing bacteria compared to the regular extract, with a lower dose (1:10), showing its potential as an efficient antibacterial alternative.
Formulasi, Evaluasi dan Penentuan Nilai SPF Serta Uji Kelembaban Perona Pipi Stik Ekstrak Etanol Bawang Dayak (Eleutherine bulbosa (Mill.) Urb Hutagalung , Septi Ratna Cempaka; Yuniarti , Rafita; Dalimunthe , Gabena Indrayani; Lubis , Minda Sari
Journal of Pharmaceutical and Sciences JPS Volume 8 Nomor 2 (2025)
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Tjut Nyak Dhien

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36490/journal-jps.com.v8i2.886

Abstract

Background: Blush is traditionally used to add color to cheeks, but UV exposure poses significant skin damage risks. Dayak onion (Eleutherine palmifolia), containing anthocyanins as natural pigments and photoprotective compounds, shows potential as a multifunctional blush ingredient. Objectives: The aim of this study is to determine whether Bawang Dayak can be formulated as a natural colorant for blushers, whether Bawang Dayak extract possesses sun protection properties, and whether the ethanol extract of Bawang Dayak blusher has sun protection and skin moisturizing abilities. Methods: An experimental study employing quantitative and qualitative approaches was conducted. The research stages included material characterization, phytochemical screening, SPF testing of extract and formulations, physical quality evaluation (homogeneity, stability, adhesiveness), and in vivo skin hydration testing. Ethanolic Dayak onion extract samples were prepared at varying concentrations (100-1000 ppm). Results: The ethanolic extract was successfully formulated into stick blush meeting standard physical quality criteria. The extract demonstrated ultra SPF ratings (1000 ppm: SPF 32; 700 ppm: SPF 25; 500 ppm: SPF 21) to minimal protection (100 ppm: SPF 4). The 1000 ppm blush formulation showed ultra SPF 29, while the 700 ppm formula (F2) exhibited the highest skin moisturizing capacity. Conclusion: Dayak onion shows promise as both a natural colorant and active sunscreen agent in blush formulations. The developed product meets physical quality standards while offering dual functionality as a color cosmetic with UV protection.
The Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Sediaan Gel Semprot Ekstrak Etanol Daun Sintrong (Crassocephalum crepidiodes) Terhadap Staphylococcus aureus Pada Luka Infeksi Diabetes Mellitus Sipayung, Sry Anita; Natalia , Astriani; Meutia, Rena; Simanjuntak, Nerly Juli Pranita
Journal of Pharmaceutical and Sciences JPS Volume 8 Nomor 2 (2025)
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Tjut Nyak Dhien

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36490/journal-jps.com.v8i2.887

Abstract

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder that impairs wound healing. Wounds in diabetic patients tend to heal slowly due to high blood glucose levels that disrupt immune function and blood circulation. Long-term antibiotic use may lead to resistance, necessitating natural antibacterial alternatives such as sintrong leaves (Crassocephalum crepidioides), which contain flavonoids, polyphenols, saponins, and tannins with antibacterial activity. The ethanol extract of sintrong leaves was formulated into a spray gel for its advantages in wound application, including ease of use, sterility, and good penetration ability. Objective: This study aimed to formulate sintrong leaf ethanol extract into a spray gel at various concentrations (5%, 10%, 15%, 20%), evaluate its physical stability, and test its antibacterial activity against S. aureus. Methods: Sintrong leaf extract was obtained through 96% ethanol maceration and formulated into a spray gel using Carbopol 940 as the base. Stability evaluation included organoleptic, viscosity, pH, drying time, and spray pattern tests. Antibacterial activity was assessed using the disc diffusion method. Results: The spray gel exhibited good physical stability over 21 days of storage. Antibacterial testing showed inhibition zones with diameters of 8.05 mm (5%), 8.02 mm (10%), 8.44 mm (15%), and 9.57 mm (20%), indicating moderate effectiveness. The 20% concentration showed the highest inhibition, though lower than the positive control (1% clindamycin). Conclusion: Sintrong leaf ethanol extract can be formulated into a stable spray gel with antibacterial activity against S. aureus, demonstrating the highest efficacy at 20% concentration. This study presents a potential natural alternative for diabetic wound infection treatment.
Identifikasi Glibenklamid Pada Jamu Kencing Manis Yang Beredar di Medan Johor Andriani, Vina; Sembiring , Novitaria Br; Bangar, Roy Indrianto
Journal of Pharmaceutical and Sciences JPS Volume 8 Nomor 2 (2025)
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Tjut Nyak Dhien

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36490/journal-jps.com.v8i2.889

Abstract

Background: The increasing use of traditional herbal medicine (jamu) for diabetes treatment in the community has been accompanied by a rise in counterfeiting practices, particularly through the addition of synthetic drugs such as glibenclamide (C₂₃H₂₈ClN₃O₅S) to enhance efficacy and sales. This poses potential health risks, thereby necessitating strict monitoring of circulating herbal products. Objective: This study aims to identify the presence of glibenclamide in three samples of antidiabetic jamu available in Medan Johor using Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Method: Identification was carried out by comparing the FTIR spectra of the samples (wavenumber range 650–4000 cm⁻¹) with that of the BPFI glibenclamide standard. The characteristic functional groups of glibenclamide used as reference were 3369.5 cm⁻¹ (Amide N–H Stretching), 1714.6 cm⁻¹ (C=O Stretching), and 1155.5 cm⁻¹ (S=O Stretching). Results: The analysis showed that none of the three samples (A2, A3, A4) exhibited absorption peaks corresponding to the critical wavenumbers of glibenclamide. Therefore, the tested samples were declared free from the pharmaceutical chemical substance (PCS) glibenclamide. Conclusion: These findings indicate that the three jamu products are safe for consumption when used as directed. However, routine surveillance by the National Agency of Drug and Food Control (BPOM) remains essential to ensure the safety of herbal products on the market. Further studies using more sensitive methods such as UV-Vis spectrophotometry are recommended to verify these results.
Analisis dan Upaya Pengurangan Logam Berat Pb Pada Air Dalam Pengolahan Tahu Dengan Arang Aktif Tempurung Kelapa Menggunakan Spektrofotometri Serapan Atom Saidah, Saidah; Supriyadi, Supriyadi; Harmastut, Nuraini
Journal of Pharmaceutical and Sciences JPS Volume 8 Nomor 2 (2025)
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Tjut Nyak Dhien

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36490/journal-jps.com.v8i2.891

Abstract

Background: Lead (Pb) is a toxic heavy metal that can contaminate water, including wastewater from tofu processing. Untreated sewage may adversely affect the environment and human health. One effective method for Pb reduction is adsorption using activated coconut shell charcoal, which possesses high porosity and surface area. Objective: This study aimed to analyze the adsorption efficiency of Pb in tofu wastewater using activated coconut shell charcoal and determine the optimal adsorption conditions based on adsorbent dosage, contact time, and pH. Methods: Water samples were collected from a tofu factory in Banjarsari, Solo. Coconut shell charcoal was activated with NaOH and used as an adsorbent. Optimization was performed by varying the adsorbent dosage (6, 8, 10 g), contact time (30, 60, 90 minutes), and pH (6, 7, 8). Lead (Pb) levels were quantified using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS). Results: The highest adsorption efficiency was 85.54% under optimal conditions: 8 g adsorbent dosage, 90 minutes contact time, and pH 8. Statistical analysis using ANOVA confirmed that all three factors significantly influenced Pb adsorption. Conclusion: Activated coconut shell charcoal effectively reduces Pb levels in tofu wastewater. Prolonged contact time, moderate adsorbent dosage, and alkaline pH enhance adsorption efficiency. This study proposes an environmentally friendly solution for treating wastewater from the tofu industry.
Skrining Resep untuk Identifikasi Interaksi Obat pada Pasien Diabetes Melitus dan Hiperurisemia Periode Oktober 2023 hingga Maret 2024 di Rumah Sakit Advent Surbekti , Destiana Tata; Sembiring, Novitaria Br; Lubis, Asyrun Alkhairi
Journal of Pharmaceutical and Sciences JPS Volume 8 Nomor 2 (2025)
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Tjut Nyak Dhien

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36490/journal-jps.com.v8i2.894

Abstract

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) and hyperuricemia are frequently encountered comorbidities in clinical practice with increasing prevalence. Long-term pharmacological therapy for these conditions carries the potential for drug interactions and other drug-related problems. Prescription completeness evaluation and drug interaction identification are necessary to ensure therapeutic safety and efficacy. Objectives: This study aimed to identify medications prescribed for patients with DM and hyperuricemia, evaluate potential drug interactions, and assess prescription completeness based on administrative standards according to Indonesian Ministry of Health Regulation No. 72 of 2016. Methods: This retrospective descriptive study with a cross-sectional design analyzed 50 outpatient prescriptions at Advent Hospital Medan from October 2023 to March 2024. The analysis covered administrative, pharmaceutical, and clinical aspects. Drug interactions were identified using Drugs.com with classification as major, moderate, and minor. Results: The most frequently prescribed antidiabetic drugs were metformin (82%), glimepiride (76%), and acarbose (64%), while for hyperuricemia they were allopurinol (88%) and meloxicam (72%). Ten drug interactions were identified, consisting of 8 moderate (80%), 1 major (10%), and 1 minor (10%). Administrative evaluation showed 92% completeness for mandatory components, but patient weight (48%), physician address (64%), and physician phone number (56%) were frequently omitted. Conclusion: The study revealed a significant prevalence of moderate drug interactions between antidiabetic drugs and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Optimization of prescription screening systems and completion of patient clinical data are required to enhance therapy safety.
Uji Efektivitas Sediaan Nanoparticle Lipid Carrier (NLC) Kombinasi Ekstrak Teh Hijau dan Asam Alfa-Lipoat sebagai Antiaging Abdurrahman, Abdurrahman; Afra, Fairuz Yaumil; Soeratri, Widji; Purwanto , Djoko Agus
Journal of Pharmaceutical and Sciences JPS Volume 8 Nomor 2 (2025)
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Tjut Nyak Dhien

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36490/journal-jps.com.v8i2.900

Abstract

Background: Alpha-lipoic acid acts as a co-antioxidant that may enhance the effectiveness of green tea extract as an antiaging agent in a Nanostructured Lipid Carrier (NLC) system by improving its entrapment efficiency. This combination is expected to enhance antiaging benefits through increased collagen density and fibroblast proliferation in the skin. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of an NLC formulation combining green tea extract and alpha-lipoic acid as an antiaging agent. Methods: The NLC system was prepared using the high-shear homogenization method with three formulations: F1 (without alpha-lipoic acid), F2 (1% alpha-lipoic acid), and F3 (1.5% alpha-lipoic acid). The efficacy test was conducted in vivo using mice, with observed parameters including collagen density and fibroblast count in the dorsal skin over 14 days. Results: The results demonstrated that F2 and F3 exhibited significantly higher collagen density and fibroblast counts compared to F1, indicating that the addition of alpha-lipoic acid enhances antiaging efficacy. Conclusion: This study confirms that the NLC formulation combining green tea extract and alpha-lipoic acid effectively increases collagen density and fibroblast proliferation, suggesting its potential as a superior antiaging agent compared to formulations without the co-antioxidant.
Skrining Fitokimia dan Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Etanol Dedak Padi (Oryza sativa L.) terhadap Kebocoran Membran Bakteri Staphylococcus aureus Auza , Maharani; Nasution , Haris Munandar; Pulungan , Ainil Fithri; Rani , Zulmai
Journal of Pharmaceutical and Sciences JPS Volume 8 Nomor 2 (2025)
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Tjut Nyak Dhien

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36490/journal-jps.com.v8i2.907

Abstract

Background: Rice bran is commonly utilized only as animal feed and is often regarded as a byproduct of rice milling. However, rice bran contains flavonoid compounds that exhibit antibacterial activity. This study aims to explore the potential of rice bran as an antibacterial agent, specifically against Staphylococcus aureus, through antibacterial activity testing and analysis of cell membrane leakage mechanisms. Objective: This research aims to utilize rice bran by evaluating its antibacterial activity and its mechanism of bacterial membrane leakage against Staphylococcus aureus. Methods: This experimental study involved the collection of rice bran samples, plant determination, simplicia characterization, and extraction using maceration with 96% ethanol. Phytochemical screening was conducted to identify active compounds, while antibacterial activity was tested using the disk diffusion method (Kirby-Bauer) at concentrations of 10%, 12.5%, 25%, 50%, 70%, and 80%. The membrane leakage mechanism was assessed by measuring nucleic acid and protein leakage (UV-Vis spectrophotometry) as well as Ca²⁺ and K⁺ ion release (atomic absorption spectrophotometry, AAS). Data were statistically analyzed using SPSS. Results: The ethanolic extract of rice bran yielded a 26.38% extraction yield and contained secondary metabolites, including alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, triterpenoids/steroids, and glycosides. The antibacterial assay revealed inhibition zones classified as strong activity. Furthermore, rice bran extract induced membrane leakage in S. aureus, evidenced by increased mean absorbance values and standard deviations for DNA, protein (UV-Vis spectrophotometry), and Ca²⁺ and K⁺ ions (atomic absorption spectrophotometry) with rising extract concentrations. Conclusion: Rice bran exhibits potential as an antibacterial agent against Staphylococcus aureus through a membrane leakage mechanism. These findings support the utilization of rice bran not only as animal feed but also as a source of bioactive antimicrobial compounds.

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