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Journal of Pharmaceutical and Sciences.
Published by Universitas Tjut Nyak Dhien
ISSN : -     EISSN : 26563088     DOI : https://doi.org/10.36490/journal-jps.com
Core Subject : Health, Science, Agriculture, Engineering,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Immunology & microbiology Materials Science & Nanotechnology Medicine & Pharmacology Nursing Public Health
Journal of Pharmaceutical and Sciences (JPS) with e-ISSN: 2656-3088 is a scholarly peer-reviewed open access journal related to Pharmaceutics, Pharmacology, biotechnology, Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Pharmacy practice, Pharmacogenomics, Medicinal Chemistry, Molecular Pharmacology, Novel drug delivery system, Nanotechnology, Analytical Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, Natural Chemistry, Polymer Sciences, Clinical Pharmacy, pharmaceutical management, pharmacoeconomics, pharmacoepidemiology, clinical pharmacy, community pharmacy, social pharmacy, pharmaceutical marketing, government policies related to pharmacy, pharmaceutical care, Medical Biotechnology, Biochemistry, food chemistry, health and applied sciences relevant to the field of pharmacy. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Sciences (JPS) accepts manuscripts in Indonesian Language (Bahasa Indonesia) with titles and abstracts in bilingual, both Indonesian and English. We accept article manuscripts in the form of original research, literature reviews, and systematic reviews. We do not accept articles in the form of case reports
Arjuna Subject : Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics - Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Lain-Lain)
Articles 698 Documents
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Pengaruh Kepatuhan Minum Obat terhadap Pengendalian HbA1c pada Pasien Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2: Tinjauan Sistematis Berdasarkan Metode Pengukuran Kepatuhan Diana, Ina Kusuma; Wiedyaningsih , Chairun; Kurniawati , Fivy
Journal of Pharmaceutical and Sciences JPS Volume 9 Nomor 1 (2026)
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Tjut Nyak Dhien

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36490/journal-jps.com.v9i1.1415

Abstract

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a major public health concern in Asia, where rapid urbanization and lifestyle changes have contributed to a marked increase in disease prevalence. Poor medication adherence remains a major barrier to achieving optimal glycemic control, leading to an increased risk of complications and greater healthcare burden. This systematic review aimed to examine the relationship between medication adherence and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels among patients with T2DM, compare the strength of this association across different adherence measurement methods, and identify key factors influencing adherence and glycemic control in Asian populations. A literature search was conducted in PubMed, Europe PMC, Scopus, and ScienceDirect for cross-sectional studies published between January 2015 and April 2025. Eligible studies included adult patients with T2DM who reported medication adherence (e.g., MMAS-8, pill counts) and HbA1c outcomes. Data were synthesized narratively, and study quality was assessed using standardized appraisal tools. Of the 584 records screened, 14 studies met the inclusion criteria. Most studies demonstrated a significant inverse association between medication adherence and HbA1c levels, with stronger associations observed when objective or multidimensional adherence measures were used. Reported adherence levels varied substantially across studies, with the proportion of high adherence ranging from 3.7% to over 58%, depending on the measurement method. Mean HbA1c values ranged from 6.4% to 9.2%. Higher educational level, greater self-efficacy, and supportive healthcare environments were associated with better adherence. In contrast, psychological distress, regimen complexity, and comorbidities were linked to lower adherence and poorer glycemic control. Medication adherence is a critical determinant of glycemic control among patients with T2DM in Asia. The choice of adherence measurement method influences the observed association with HbA1c. Interventions should address psychosocial and clinical barriers and incorporate culturally adapted, multidimensional adherence assessment approaches.
Formulasi Krim yang Mengandung Ekstrak Biji Kopi Robusta (Coffea canephora L.) dan Tantangannya dalam Menghambat Staphylococcus aureus: Studi Potensi Terapi Luka pada Penderita Diabetes Andari, Putri; Sembiring, Novitaria Br; Ginting, Astriani Natalia Br
Journal of Pharmaceutical and Sciences JPS Volume 9 Nomor 1 (2026)
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Tjut Nyak Dhien

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36490/journal-jps.com.v9i1.1425

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder that can cause wounds that are difficult to heal and susceptible to bacterial infection, especially Staphylococcus aureus. This study aims to formulate an antibacterial cream preparation containing robust coffee bean extract (Coffea canephora L.) and evaluate its activity against Staphylococcus aureus. The extract was obtained through maceration with 96% ethanol with a crude yield of 30% and an extract yield of 14.05%. Phytochemical screening showed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, phenols, saponins, and terpenoids. Antibacterial testing of the extract showed inhibitory activity against Staphylococcus aureus at concentrations of 30% (7.73–8.44 mm) and 50% (8.52–13.16 mm). The extract was then formulated into creams with varying concentrations of 0%, 30%, and 50%. All formulations met the physical parameters, except for the cream that did not contain the extract, which showed a pH higher than the ideal range for topical application and showed a decrease in spreadability with increasing extract concentration. However, testing the antibacterial activity of the cream preparations using the disk diffusion method did not produce an inhibition zone in any of the formulations tested. The results of this study indicate that although Robusta coffee bean extract shows activity in vitro, it has not been successfully applied in cream formulations with the existing bases and testing methods. These findings highlight the major challenges in developing natural topical preparations, particularly regarding the selection of formulation bases and appropriate evaluation methods for semisolid preparations.
Efek Ekstrak Etanol Daun Mobe (Artocarpus lacucha Buch-Ham.) terhadap Histopatologi Hati Tikus Diinduksi Karbon Tetraklorida Lubis, Meiva Amelia; Dalimunthe , Aminah; Sitorus , Panal; Satria , Denny; Pertiwi , Indah; Damayanti S , Damayanti S
Journal of Pharmaceutical and Sciences JPS Volume 9 Nomor 1 (2026)
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Tjut Nyak Dhien

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36490/journal-jps.com.v9i1.1432

Abstract

Background: Liver injury due to exposure to hepatotoxic chemicals remains a major problem in the medical and pharmaceutical fields. Carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄) is a classic hepatotoxic agent that induces oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, and hepatocyte necrosis through free radical formation. Mobe leaves (Artocarpus lacucha Buch-Ham.) contain bioactive compounds, particularly flavonoids and phenolics, which possess antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties with potential hepatoprotective effects. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of ethanol extract of mobe leaves (EEML) on the liver histopathology of rats induced with carbon tetrachloride. Methods: This experimental study used a post-test only control group design. Twenty-five male rats were divided into five groups: negative control (CMC-Na 1% + CCl₄), positive control (silymarin 100 mg/kgBW + CCl₄), and three treatment groups receiving EEML at doses of 50, 100, and 200 mg/kgBW + CCl₄. Hepatotoxicity was induced by intraperitoneal injection of CCl₄ (1 mL/kgBW) twice weekly for 14 days. Liver tissue was processed for hematoxylin-eosin staining, and histopathological changes (hepatocyte degeneration, necrosis, and inflammatory cell infiltration) were assessed semi-quantitatively using a scoring system (0-3). Results: CCl₄ induction caused severe liver damage in the negative control group, characterized by diffuse hydropic degeneration, extensive necrosis, and marked inflammatory infiltration (score 3 for all parameters). EEML administration significantly reduced liver injury in a dose-dependent manner. The 200 mg/kgBW dose showed the most pronounced hepatoprotective effect, with degeneration score 2, necrosis score 1, and inflammation score 2, approaching the protective effect of silymarin (score 1 for all parameters). Conclusion: Ethanol extract of mobe leaves demonstrated hepatoprotective activity against CCl₄-induced liver damage in rats, with the optimal effect at 200 mg/kgBW. These findings support the potential of mobe leaves as a natural hepatoprotective agent.
Pengaruh Pemberian IAA Dan BAP Terhadap Pertumbuhan Vegetatif Timun Suri (Cucumis melo L.) Pada Sistem Aeoroponik Zannah, Miftahul; Rahmadina, Rahmadina
Journal of Pharmaceutical and Sciences JPS Volume 9 Nomor 1 (2026)
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Tjut Nyak Dhien

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36490/journal-jps.com.v9i1.1446

Abstract

Suri cucumber (Cucumis melo L.) is a local horticultural commodity with high economic value; however, its productivity remains relatively low due to the use of conventional cultivation systems. This study aims to determine the effect of Indole Acetic Acid (IAA) and Benzyl Amino Purine (BAP) application and their interaction on the vegetative growth of Suri cucumber cultivated in a vertical aeroponic system. A factorial completely randomized design (CRD) with two factors was employed: IAA concentration (0, 50, and 100 ppm) and BAP concentration (0, 25, and 50 ppm), each with three replications. The observed parameters included plant height, number of leaves, and root length. Data were analyzed using two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at a 5% significance level. The results showed that the application of IAA and BAP significantly affected several vegetative growth parameters of Suri cucumber, particularly plant height. The interaction between IAA and BAP exhibited a synergistic response in enhancing vegetative growth in the aeroponic system. It can be concluded that the combination of IAA and BAP in a vertical aeroponic system has the potential to serve as an effective and sustainable alternative cultivation technology to increase Suri cucumber productivity.
Formulasi dan Evaluasi Gel Pengharum Serai Wangi dengan Kombinasi Basis Karagenan, Xanthan Gum, dan HPMC Anggraini, Windi; Salman, Salman; Febriani , Yessi; Indriana , Meutia; Muzakkir, Muzakkir
Journal of Pharmaceutical and Sciences JPS Volume 9 Nomor 1 (2026)
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Tjut Nyak Dhien

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36490/journal-jps.com.v9i1.1459

Abstract

Background: Unpleasant odors in bathroom areas are a common hygiene problem that requires practical and environmentally friendly solutions. Citronella oil (Cymbopogon nardus L. Randle) is known to contain active compounds with a distinctive aroma that has potential as a natural fragrance agent. However, an appropriate gel base is needed to maintain the stability and aroma retention of the preparation. Objective: This study aims to formulate and evaluate a bathroom fragrance gel from citronella oil with a combination of carrageenan, xanthan gum, and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) bases and to determine the concentration of citronella oil that produces the preparation with the best physical stability and aroma retention. Methods: This research was an experimental laboratory study. Citronella oil was formulated into gel preparations with four concentration variations (2.5%; 5%; 7.5%; and 10%) using a combination of carrageenan, xanthan gum, and HPMC bases. Evaluation of the preparations included organoleptic test, syneresis, liquid evaporation, preference test (hedonic), and aroma retention test for 15 days of storage. Data were analyzed statistically with a 95% confidence level. Results: The results showed that all formulas produced gels with good organoleptic characteristics (cloudy white color, characteristic citronella aroma, and semi-solid texture). The formula with 10% citronella oil concentration (F4) showed the best results with the lowest syneresis value (0.62%), the lowest liquid evaporation percentage (21.69%), and the highest remaining gel weight (92.03%). The preference test showed that F4 had the highest average value (4.25) in the like category, and the best aroma retention with a score range of 4.19-4.70 until day 15. Conclusion: The combination of carrageenan, xanthan gum, and HPMC bases can produce physically stable bathroom fragrance gel preparations. The formula with 10% citronella oil concentration (F4) is the best formulation and has the most potential to be developed as a natural bathroom fragrance product.
Aktivitas Antibakteri Kombucha Daun Sirsak (Anonna muricata L.) Terhadap Bakteri Escherichia coli Rahmasari, Nadia; Rahmawati , Ismi; Saptarini , Opstaria
Journal of Pharmaceutical and Sciences JPS Volume 8 Nomor 4 (2025)
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Tjut Nyak Dhien

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36490/journal-jps.com.v8i4.996

Abstract

Infectious diseases caused by pathogenic bacteria such as Escherichia coli are increasing, especially due to antibiotic resistance. One potential alternative treatment is the use of natural antibacterial compounds, such as those found in soursop leaves (Annona muricata L.). Soursop leaves contain various bioactive compounds, such as flavonoid polyphenols, acetogenins, and tannins, which have antibacterial activity. This study aims to of soursop leaf-based probiotic kombucha fermentation in inhibiting the growth of Escherichia coli. In this study, probiotic kombucha was produced through a fermentation process using Symbiotic Culture of Bacteria and Yeast (SCOBY) with variations in temperature, time, and soursop leaf extract concentration parameters. Activity testing was carried out using the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) methods to assess its antibacterial effectiveness. The results showed that soursop leaf kombucha fermentation had significant antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli. The disc diffusion activity test obtained in this study was 9.1 mm (15% concentration); 5.10 mm (10% concentration); and 2.3 mm (5% concentration) with different concentration variations on the 7th day of fermentation. The resulting inhibition zone diameter for E. coli bacteria indicates that kombucha's antibacterial activity is in the moderate category, as it produced the highest inhibition zone of 9.1 mm. This study demonstrates that soursop leaf kombucha has the potential to be developed as a functional probiotic beverage with effective and natural antibacterial effects.
Analisis Perbandingan Kualitas Hidup Pasien Gangguan Kecemasan Yang Mendapatkan Zolpidem dan Escitalopram di RSUD Goeteng Taroenadibrata Menggunakan Instrumen EQ-5D-5L Ubay, Saskia Nur; Kurniasih, Khamdiyah Indah; Fauziah, Fauziah
Journal of Pharmaceutical and Sciences JPS Volume 8 Nomor 4 (2025)
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Tjut Nyak Dhien

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36490/journal-jps.com.v8i4.1083

Abstract

Anxiety disorders are among the most common mental health problems in society and can affect patients’ quality of life. This study provides a comparative overview of the quality of life of patients with anxiety disorders at Goeteng Taroenadibrata Regional General Hospital who received Zolpidem or Escitalopram therapy. The purpose of this study was to determine whether there was a significant difference in the quality of life between patients using Zolpidem and those using Escitalopram. This study was a descriptive quantitative study using a cross-sectional approach. The study population consisted of patients with anxiety disorders at Goeteng Taroenadibrata Regional General Hospital, with a sample of 60 patients divided into two groups based on the therapy received, namely Zolpidem (30 patients) and Escitalopram (30 patients). Quality of life was measured using the EQ-5D-5L instrument. The results showed that 53.3% of patients in the Zolpidem group were male, while 66.7% of those in the Escitalopram group were female. In terms of age, most patients were over 60 years old, both in the Zolpidem group (83.3%) and the Escitalopram group (80.0%). In addition, the majority of patients in both groups had been undergoing treatment for more than six months (66.7%), with 20 patients in each therapy group. Statistical analysis using the Mann-Whitney test showed no significant difference in the quality of life between patients receiving Zolpidem and those receiving Escitalopram, with a p-value greater than 0.05.
An Pengaruh Perlakuan Dekolorisasi Karbon Aktif terhadap Intensitas Warna dan Kadar Fenolik Total dari Ekstrak Daun Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) Saepudin, Syumillah; Hartono, Kusdi; Khoerunnisa, Annisa; Rahmayanti , Nurul; Febriani, Raihani
Journal of Pharmaceutical and Sciences JPS Volume 9 Nomor 1 (2026)
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Tjut Nyak Dhien

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36490/journal-jps.com.v9i1.1156

Abstract

Background: Okra leaves (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) are a potential natural source of phenolic compounds with antioxidant activity and prospective applications in pharmaceutical and cosmetic formulations. However, the dark green color of the extract, mainly due to chlorophyll pigments, may negatively affect the aesthetic quality of the final product. Decolorization using activated carbon is therefore required to improve visual appearance without reducing bioactive compounds. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of activated carbon decolorization on color intensity and total phenolic content of okra leaf extract. Methods: Okra leaf extract was prepared by maceration using 70% ethanol. Decolorization was performed using activated carbon at various concentrations (0.5–8%) and contact times (2–72 hours). Color intensity was measured using a UV–Vis spectrophotometer at 663.50 nm. Total phenolic content was determined using the Folin–Ciocalteu method and expressed as mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g extract. Statistical analysis was conducted using one-way ANOVA at a significance level of 0.05. Results: Activated carbon effectively reduced color intensity through adsorption mechanisms. Variation in activated carbon concentration did not significantly affect total phenolic content (p = 0.71), whereas contact time had a significant effect (p = 0.0014). The optimum condition was observed at 24 hours of contact time, showing reduced color intensity while maintaining phenolic content. No significant correlation was found between absorbance reduction and total phenolic content (ρ = 0.102; p = 0.555), indicating selective adsorption. Conclusion: Activated carbon decolorization effectively improves the visual appearance of okra leaf extract without significantly reducing its total phenolic content. The optimum contact time was 24 hours, suggesting its potential application in enhancing the quality of natural-based pharmaceutical and cosmetic preparations.
Perbandingan Aktivitas ekstrak Jahe Merah (Zingiber officinale var. rubrum) dan Kunyit (Curcuma longa L) Terhadap Respon Imun Pada Hewan Uji: Tinjauan Literatur Lismawan, Gita Novianti; Septiani, Dia; Ramadhani, Biandra Cinta; Ramadhany, Arifa Salsabilla
Journal of Pharmaceutical and Sciences JPS Volume 9 Nomor 1 (2026)
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Tjut Nyak Dhien

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36490/journal-jps.com.v9i1.1194

Abstract

The immune system plays a crucial role in protecting the body against various pathogenic agents; therefore, efforts to enhance immune function through natural approaches are essential. This study aims to systematically compare the immunomodulatory effects of red ginger (Zingiber officinale var. rubrum) and turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) based on a systematic literature review of preclinical experimental studies. Literature was systematically collected from two electronic databases, PubMed and Google Scholar, covering publications from 2010 to 2025, using keywords related to Zingiber officinale var. rubrum, “red ginger”, Curcuma longa, “turmeric”, “immune”, “immunity”, “cytokine”, “immune response”, and “immunomodulatory effect”. Of the 260 articles identified, only 10 studies met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed further. Based on reported immunological response patterns, red ginger predominantly influences innate immune parameters measurable during the early phase of immune activation, including increased macrophage phagocytic activity, enhanced production of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and IFN-γ), and activation of natural killer (NK) cells. In contrast, turmeric demonstrates significant effects on adaptive immune parameters that are generally evaluated over longer intervention periods, mediated by curcumin through inhibition of the NF-κB signaling pathway, upregulation of anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10), and enhancement of regulatory T cell (Treg) function to maintain immunological homeostasis. Both red ginger and turmeric exhibit potential as natural immunomodulatory agents that support immune defense; however, their mechanisms and magnitude of effects differ. Red ginger tends to elicit more rapid immune responses, whereas turmeric exerts more sustained regulatory effects. In conclusion, the utilization of red ginger and turmeric may serve as preventive and therapeutic phytotherapeutic alternatives to enhance immune function. Nevertheless, as the available evidence is largely derived from animal experimental studies, further well-designed pharmacokinetic studies and controlled clinical trials are required to confirm efficacy, safety, and optimal formulations in humans.
Uji Aktivitas Antioksidan Kombucha Daun Kelakai (Stenochlaena palustris (Burm.F) Bedd) Dengan Metode DPPH Hidayatullah, Muhammad; Abdurrahman, Abdurrahman; Andina , Lisa; Astiati , Rini; Rina, Rina
Journal of Pharmaceutical and Sciences JPS Volume 9 Nomor 1 (2026)
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Tjut Nyak Dhien

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36490/journal-jps.com.v9i1.1256

Abstract

Degenerative diseases are often caused by exposure to free radicals, and antioxidants play an important role in maintaining body stability by counteracting them. Kelakai (Stenochlaena palustris), a typical plant of Kalimantan, contains bioactive compounds such as phenolics and flavonoids, making it a potential source of natural antioxidants. This study aims to determine the results of antioxidant activity tests on kelakai leaf kombucha. Kombucha was chosen because its antioxidant activity is influenced by the phenolic content formed during fermentation, potentially becoming an antioxidant-rich probiotic drink. The antioxidant activity test of kelakai leaf kombucha used the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) method. The results of determining the maximum absorption wavelength of 0.1 mM DPPH were at 515 nm with the highest absorption of 0.602. The antioxidant activity test using quercetin as a comparison resulted in an IC₅₀ value of 3.0892 ppm. This quercetin IC₅₀ value is included in the very strong category (<50 ppm). Meanwhile, the antioxidant activity test on kelakai leaf kombucha yielded an IC₅₀ value of 0.5845 ppm. This value also indicates that kelakai leaf kombucha has very strong antioxidant activity. Increasing sample concentration is directly proportional to the increase in antioxidant activity, as indicated by a decrease in the absorption value. Therefore, the development of kelakai leaf kombucha and testing its antioxidant activity are expected to produce innovative functional food products.

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