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Jurnal Sains dan Kesehatan
Published by Universitas Mulawarman
ISSN : 23030267     EISSN : 24076082     DOI : 10.25026/jsk
Core Subject : Health, Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemistry Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology
Jurnal Sains dan Kesehatan menerima naskah karya asli (Artikel Penelitian, Artikel Review, dan Studi Kasus), baik eksperimental maupun teoretis, dalam bidang-bidang berikut: Sains dan Kesehatan (Kedokteran, Farmasi, Kesehatan Masyarakat, Keperawatan, Kebidanan, Gizi, dan lain-lain). Tujuan penerbitan Jurnal Sains dan Kesehatan adalah untuk menyediakan informasi ilmiah tentang perkembangan ilmu dan teknologi di bidang Ilmu Pengetahuan dan Kesehatan.
Arjuna Subject : Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics - Ilmu Farmasi
Articles 764 Documents
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Formulasi dan Evaluasi Ekstrak Bawang Dayak (Eleutherine palmifolia L.Merr) dalam Sediaan Gel sebagai Anti Jerawat: Formulation and Evaluation of Dayak Union Extract (Eleutherine palmifolia L.Merr) in Gel Preparations as Antiacne Eriska Agustin; Nopri Yanti
Jurnal Sains dan Kesehatan Vol. 5 No. 5 (2023): J. Sains Kes.
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi, Universitas Mulawarman, Samarinda, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25026/jsk.v5i5.2090

Abstract

The Dayak onion plant (Eleutherine palmifolia L.Merr) is a plant that has many health benefits. Empirically, this plant is used to treat acne on the skin caused by the bacteria Staphylococcus aureus. This study aims to formulate and evaluate Dayak onion extract in a gel preparation as an anti-acne at extract concentrations of 1%, 5% and 10%. The results showed that the preparation was brown in color, semi-solid homogeneous texture, typical aroma of Dayak onion, the average pH range of F1, F2, and F3 preparations was 5.2-5.34, the viscosity test range showed a value of 4140-9420 mPas, the range the spreadability test results were 4.07-4.46, and the irritation index for the F1 preparation was 0 (not irritating), while the F2 and F3 preparations were 0.3 (very mild irritation). Testing for anti-acne activity obtained an average inhibition zone of F1 0.3 ± 0.010 mm, F2 0.325 ± 0.014 mm, and F3 0.675 ± 0.021 mm where as the positive control used Medklin® 1%, the diameter of the inhibition zone was 1.75 ± 0.04 mm. The conclusion of this study is that the F3 preparations have the preparations that meet the physical evaluation requirements and the greatest bacterial inhibition value. Keywords:          Acne, Dayak Union, Skin, Staphylococcus aureus   Abstrak Tanaman bawang dayak (Eleutherine palmifolia L.Merr) merupakan salah satu tanaman yang memiliki banyak khasiat bagi kesehatan. Secara empiris, tanaman ini digunakan untuk mengobati jerawat pada kulit yang disebabkan salah satunya oleh bakteri Staphylococcus aureus. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memformulasikan dan mengevaluasi ekstrak bawang dayak dalam sediaan gel sebagai anti jerawat pada konsentrasi ekstrak 1%, 5%, dan 10%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sediaan berwarna coklat, tekstur semi padat yang homogen, aroma khas bawang dayak, rentang pH rata-rata sediaan F1, F2, dan F3 adalah 4,6-6,0, rentang uji viskositas menunjukkan nilai 4140-9420 cP, rentang hasil uji daya sebar 4,07-4,51, dan indeks iritasi sediaan F1, F2, dan F3 nilainya 0 (tidak mengiritasi). Pengujian aktivitas anti jerawat didapatkan rata-rata zona hambat F1 0,26 mm, F2 0,35 mm, dan F3 0,861 mm dimana kontrol positif menggunakan Medklin® 1% diameter zona hambatnya 1,83 mm. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah sediaan F3 memiliki sediaan yang memenuhi persyaratan evaluasi fisik dan nilai daya hambat bakteri yang paling besar. Kata Kunci:         Bawang Dayak, Jerawat, Kulit, Staphylococcus aureus
Sintesis, Molecular Docking dan Aktivitas Sitotoksik Senyawa Analog Kalkon Berbasis Alfa Tetralone terhadap Sel Kanker Payudara MCF-7: Synthesis, Molecular Docking, and Cytotoxic Activity of Alpha Tetralone Based Chalcone Analogue Compounds against MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells Rahmadani, Agung; Tasya, Indriana; Lestari, Wahyu Yunita; Kadir, Nurdianah Abdul; Saputri, Mitha; Erika, Farah; Usman, Usman; Sukemi, Sukemi; Arifian, Hanggara; Salam, Supriatno; Herman, Herman; Rijai, Laode
Jurnal Sains dan Kesehatan Vol. 6 No. 1 (2024): J. Sains Kes.
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi, Universitas Mulawarman, Samarinda, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25026/jsk.v6i1.2092

Abstract

The chalcone compound is a precursor of flavonoid and pyrazoline compounds. Chalcone has two aromatic rings (A and B) and one ?,?-unsaturated carbon atom. Chalcone compounds can be synthesized via the Claisen Schmidt condensation reaction. Chalcone synthesis uses the basic ingredients of alpha tetralone and benzaldehyde analogues. In this research, chalcone synthesis took place for 48 hours at room temperature. Synthetic materials using ethanol solvent and sodium hydroxide catalyst, as well as basic ingredients alpha tetralone, 3,4-dimethoxybenzaldehyde and 4-methoxybenzaldehyde. Characterization of synthesized compounds using spectroscopic methods, including 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and mass spectroscopy. Characterization results using spectroscopic methods showed that the two chalcone analogue compounds were successfully synthesized with yields above 70%. Both chalcone compounds showed low activity against MCF-7 cancer cells. Molecular docking simulations showed that both chalcone analogues produced energy levels and intramolecular interactions that were no better than 4-hydroxytamoxifen. Keywords:          chalcone analogues, alpha tetralone, cytotoxic   Abstrak Senyawa kalkon merupakan salah satu prekursor dari senyawa flavonoid dan pirazolina. Kalkon mengandung dua cincin aromatis (A dan B) dan satu atom karbon ?,?-tak jenuh. Senyawa kalkon dapat disintesis melalui reaksi kondensasi Claisen Schmidt. Kalkon disintesis menggunakan bahan dasar alfa tetralone dan analog benzaldehida. Dalam penelitian ini senyawa kalkon disintesis selama 48 jam pada suhu ruang menggunakan pelarut etanol dan katalis natrium hidroksida serta bahan dasar alfa tetralone, 3,4-dimetoksibenzaldehida dan 4-metoksibenzaldehida.  Senyawa hasil sintesis dikarakterisasi menggunakan metode spektroskopi meliputi 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) dan spektroskopi massa. Karakterisasi menggunakan metode spektroskopi menunjukkan kedua senyawa analog kalkon berhasil disintesis dengan rendemen diatas 70%. Hasil pengujian sitotoksik menunjukkan bahwa kedua senyawa analog kalkon tidak aktif terhadap sel kanker payudara MCF-7. Simulasi penambatan molekuler menunjukkan bahwa kedua analog kalkon menghasilkan tingkat energi dan interaksi intramolekuler yang tidak lebih baik dibandingkan dengan 4-hidroksitamoksifen. Kata Kunci:         analog kalkon, alfa tetralone, sitotoksik
Isolation and Toxicity Test of Chitosan from Green Mussels (Perna viridis L.) With Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) Method Ridwanto Ridwanto; Audry Pratiwi; Zulmai Rani
Jurnal Sains dan Kesehatan Vol. 5 No. 5 (2023): J. Sains Kes.
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi, Universitas Mulawarman, Samarinda, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25026/jsk.v5i5.2096

Abstract

Green Mussels (Perna viridis L.) is one of Indonesia's fishery resources. The purpose of this study was to determine the toxicity level of chitosan from green clam shells (Perna viridis L.) by looking at the LC50 value tested on the BSLT method. This study included isolation of chitin and chitosan: deproteination, demineralization, depigmentation and deacetylation of chitin into chitosan, chitosan characterization, FTIR, and chitosan Toxicity Test using the BSLT method to see the number of deaths of Artemia salina L larvae obtained data (LC50). The results showed that the Chitosan Green Clam Shell (Perna viridis L.) had an LC50 of 4369.1806 ?g/mL. The results showed that green clam shell chitosan (Perna viridis L.) was non-toxic (LC50 > 1000 ?g/mL) in the BSLT test. Keywords:          BSLT, Chitosan, Shellfish, Toxicity Test
Formulasi dan Evaluasi Stabilitas Fisika Sirup Poliherbal yang Mengandung Ekstrak Daun Kelor, Rimpang Kunyit, dan Rimpang Jahe Secara Uji Stabilitas Dipercepat: Formulation and Evaluation of Physical Stability of Polyherbal Syrup Containing Extract of Moringa Leaf, Turmeric Rhizome, and Ginger Rhizome Using Accelerated Stability Test Zakaria, Nurmalia; Safrida, Yuni Dewi; Jannah, Rauzatul; Elfariyanti, Elfariyanti
Jurnal Sains dan Kesehatan Vol. 6 No. 3 (2024): J. Sains Kes.
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi, Universitas Mulawarman, Samarinda, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25026/jsk.v6i3.2097

Abstract

Moringa leaf, turmeric rhizome and ginger rhizome polyherbal syrup (SPKKJ) is a very strong antioxidant syrup. The efficacy and safety of SPKKJ as a pharmaceutical preparation is strongly influenced by the stability of the preparation within a certain shelf life both physically, chemically and biologically. Stability testing is carried out to ensure the identity, strength, quality and purity of products that have been approved and circulated in the market, so that they are safe for use by consumers. This study aims to determine the physical stability of SPKKJ using the accelerated stability test method, which is 40°C ± 2°C / 75% RH ± 5% for three months. The research was a laboratory experiment by designing three syrup formulas using a variety of preservatives, namely sodium benzoate, methyl paraben, and propyl paraben. The results showed that the three SPKKJ formulas had good physical stability, indicated by no change in terms of organoleptic, pH, viscosity and specific gravity of the preparation during three months storage. Keywords:          Polyherbal Syrup, Moringa Leaf, Turmeric Rhizome, Ginger Rhizome, Physical Stability   Abstrak Sirup poliherbal daun kelor, rimpang kunyit, dan rimpang jahe (SPKKJ) merupakan sirup antioksidan yang sangat kuat. Khasiat serta keamanan dari SPKKJ sebagai suatu sediaan farmasi sangat dipengaruhi oleh stabilitas sediaan dalam masa simpan tertentu baik secara fisika, kimia dan biologi. Pengujian stabilitas dilakukan untuk menjamin identitas, kekuatan, kualitas dan kemurnian produk yang telah diluluskan dan beredar di pasaran, sehingga aman untuk digunakan oleh konsumen. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan stabilitas fisika SPKKJ menggunakan metode uji stabilitas dipercepat yaitu suhu 40°C ± 2° C / 75% RH ± 5% selama tiga bulan. Penelitian bersifat eksperimen laboratorium dengan merancang tiga formula sirup menggunakan variasi pengawet yaitu natrium benzoate, metil paraben, dan propil paraben. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ketiga formula SPKKJ memiliki stabilitas fisika yang baik, ditunjukkan dengan tidak adanya perubahan dari segi organoleptik, pH, viskositas dan bobot jenis sediaan selama penyimpanan tiga bulan. Kata Kunci:         Sirup Poliherbal, Daun Kelor, Rimpang Kunyit, Rimpang Jahe, Stabilitas Fisika
Identifikasi Senyawa Flavonoid dan Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Terpurifikasi Daun Beluntas (Pluchea Indica L.) terhadap Staphylococcus aureus: Qualitative-Quantitative Test of Flavonoid Compound and Antibacterial Activity of Beluntas Leaves Purified Extract against Staphylococcus aureus Claudius Hendraman B. Tobi; Mustika Endah Pratiwi
Jurnal Sains dan Kesehatan Vol. 5 No. 5 (2023): J. Sains Kes.
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi, Universitas Mulawarman, Samarinda, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25026/jsk.v5i5.2099

Abstract

One of the native Indonesian plants that can be used as medicine is beluntas (Pluchea indica L.). The biological activities in beluntas leaves cannot be separated from the role of secondary metabolite compounds contained in them, one of which is flavonoid compounds. The aim of this research was to determine the presence and levels of flavonoid compounds in purified extracts of beluntas leaves, as well as to determine the antibacterial activity of the extracts. The research began with extraction and purification of the extract, qualitative testing of flavonoid compounds using Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC), and determination of total flavonoid levels and testing of antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus using the solid dilution method. The results of the research showed that the purified extract of beluntas leaves contained flavonoid compounds which were marked by stains on the TLC plate with an Rf value that was almost the same as the pure quercetin compound, namely 0.96 (quercetin) and 0.93 (sample of purified beluntas leaf extract). The total flavonoid level obtained in the sample was 27.9 mg/g quercetin. The purified extract of beluntas leaves has antibacterial activity with a minimum kill concentration of 5%. The conclusion that obtained from the results of the research showed that the purified extract of beluntas leaves contains flavonoid compounds and can be used and developed as a medicinal ingredient, one of which is antibacterial. Keywords:          Beluntas, Flavonoid, Kualitatif, kuantitatif, Staphylococcus aureus   Abstrak Salah satu tanaman asli Indonesia dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai obat yaitu beluntas (Pluchea indica L.). Aktivitas biologis pada daun beluntas tidak terlepas dari peranan senyawa metabolit sekunder yang terkandung di dalamnya, salah satunya senyawa flavonoid. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui keberadaan dan kadar senyawa flavonoid pada ekstrak terpurifikasi daun beluntas, serta mengetahui aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak. Penelitian dimulai dari proses ektraksi dan purifikasi ekstrak, pengujian senyawa flavonoid secara kualitatif menggunakan Kromatografi Lapis Tipis (KLT), dan penentuan kadar flavonoid total serta pengujian aktivitas antibakteri terhadap Staphylococcus aureus menggunakan metode dilusi padat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak terpurifikasi daun beluntas memiliki senyawa flavonoid yang ditandai dengan noda kuning-kecokelatan pada plat KLT dengan nilai Rf yang hampir sama dengan senyawa kuersetin murni yaitu 0,96 (kuersetin) dan 0,93 (sampel ekstrak terpurifikasi daun beluntas). Kadar flavonoid total yang diperoleh pada sampel yaitu 27,9 mg/g kuersetin. Ekstrak terpurifikasi daun beluntas memiliki aktivitas antibakteri dengan Konsentrasi Bunuh Minimum sebesar 2,5%. Kesimpulan yang dapat diambil dari hasil penelitian menunjukkan ekstrak terpurifikasi daun beluntas mengandung senyawa flavonoid dan dapat dimanfaatkan serta dikembangkan sebagai bahan obat, salah satunya sebagai antibakteri. Kata Kunci:         Beluntas, Flavonoid, Kualitatif, Kuantitatif, Staphylococcus aureus
Pengaruh Ekstrak Bonggol Nanas (Ananas comosus L.) sebagai Biolarvasida terhadap Kematian Larva Aedes aegypti: The Effect of Pineapple Extract (Ananas comosus L.) as a Biolarvacide of Larva death of Aedes aegypti Suyarta Efrida Pakpahan; Anistia Fardila; Liah Kodariah
Jurnal Sains dan Kesehatan Vol. 5 No. 5 (2023): J. Sains Kes.
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi, Universitas Mulawarman, Samarinda, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25026/jsk.v5i5.2106

Abstract

The main vector that causes dengue fever which is a threat to humans is the Aedes aegypti mosquito. Chemical vector control can have a negative and resistant impact on the surrounding environment. One alternative for vector control is to use natural ingredients such as pineapple tuber extract (Ananas comosus L.). The aim of this research was to determine the effect of pineapple tuber extract (Ananas comosus L.) as a biolarvicide on the death of Aedes aegypti larvae. This research method uses an experimental method to determine the effect of pineapple tuber extract (Ananas comosus L.) on the death of Aedes aegypti larvae. Sampling was taken using purposive sampling in the form of third instar larvae. Tests were carried out with 5 concentrations of pineapple tuber extract (Ananas comosus L.), namely 0.1%, 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, 4% as well as positive and negative controls. Then proceed with further tests with 4 concentrations, namely 3.5%, 4%, 4.5%, 5% as well as positive and negative controls. The research results show that the results of the one way ANOVA test analysis have a value of p=0.00 (p<0.05) and the results of the probit analysis show an LC50value at a concentration of 4.39%. In 24 hour observations, the lowest larval mortality was at a concentration of 3.5% with a mortality of 29% and the highest mortality was at a concentration of 5% with a mortality of 62%. Based on the research results, it was concluded that pineapple tuber extract (Ananas comosus L.) has a larvicidal effect and can be an alternative larvicide. Keywords:          Dengue fever, Aedes aegypti larvae, Biolarvicide, Pineapple tuber   Abstrak Vektor utama penyebab DBD yang menjadi ancaman bagi manusia yaitu nyamuk Aedes aegypti. Pengendalian vektor secara kimiawi dapat memberikan dampak negatif dan resisten pada lingkungan sekitar, salah satu cara alternatif pengendalian vektor yang berasal dari bahan alam seperti ekstrak bonggol nanas (Ananas comosus L.). Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh ekstrak bonggol nanas (Ananas comosus L.) sebagai biolarvasida terhadap kematian larva Aedes aegypti. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimen untuk mengetahui pengaruh ekstrak bonggol nanas (Ananas comosus L.) terhadap kematian larva Aedes aegypti. Sampel menggunakan purposive sampling berupa larva instar III. Pengujian dilakukan dengan 5 konsentrasi ekstrak bonggol nanas (Ananas comosus L.) yaitu 0,1%, 0,5%, 1%, 1,5%, 4% dan kontrol positif serta negatif. Lalu dilanjutkan uji lanjutan dengan 4 konsentrasi yaitu 3,5%, 4%, 4,5%, 5% dan kontrol positif serta negatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan  bahwa hasil analisis uji one way ANOVA dengan nilai p=0.00 (p<0.05) dan pada hasil analisis probit didapatkan nilai LC50 pada konsentrasi 4.39%. Pada pengamatan 24 jam didapatkan kematian larva terendah pada konsentrasi 3,5% dengan kematian 29% dan kematian tertinggi pada konsentrasi 5% dengan kematian 62%. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian disimpulkan bahwa ekstrak bonggol nanas (Ananas comosus L.) memberikan pengaruh larvasida dan dapat menjadi larvasida alternatif. Kata Kunci:         Demam dengue, Larva Aedes aegypti, Biolarvasida, Bonggol Nanas
Formulasi dan Uji SPF Sediaan Sunscreen Powder Ekstrak Daun Kelor (Moringa oleifera): Formulation and SPF Test of Moringa Leaf (Moringa oleifera) Extract Sunscreen Powder Ira Siti Karimah; Rendi Saepul Dani; Hanisa Agustin; Sri Rohmawati; Luthfi Rahmawati; Susanti Susanti
Jurnal Sains dan Kesehatan Vol. 5 No. 6 (2023): J. Sains Kes.
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi, Universitas Mulawarman, Samarinda, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25026/jsk.v5i6.2108

Abstract

The repeated use of sunscreen makes many types and dosage forms of sunscreen. Sunscreen powder is a good alternative form of sunscreen because their use does not damage the make-up on the face. Moringa leaf extract containing flavonoids such as quercetin has antioxidant activity that can inhibit free radicals. These antioxidant compounds are very important in the content of active substances in a sunscreen. The aim of this study was to formulate moringa leaf extract into a sunscreen powder and determine the value of Sun Protection Factor (SPF). Moringa leaves were extracted by maceration method using 96% ethanol and then made into a powder with 3 variations of extract concentration (F1=1%, F2=2%, F3=3%). Furthermore, evaluation of the product was carried out including organoleptic, pH, humidity, irritation and SPF. The results showed that the moringa leaf extract sunscreen powder met the requirements for good sunscreen powder characteristics. The SPF value of Moringa leaf extract sunscreen powder based on test results using uv-visible spectrophotometry showed the type of ultra protection, namely F1 of 18.07, F2 of 20.31 and F3 of 20.36. Keywords:          moringa leaf, sunscreen powder, SPF   Abstrak Penggunaan tabir surya (sunscreen) secara berulang atau dikenal dengan istilah proses re-apply sunscreen menjadikan banyaknya jenis dan bentuk sediaan sunscreen. Sediaan sunscreen powder merupakan suatu alternatif bentuk sediaan sunscreen yang baik karena pada penggunaannya tidak merusak riasan pada wajah. Ekstrak daun kelor dengan kandungan flavonoid seperti kuersetin memiliki aktivitas antioksidan yang mampu menghambat radikal bebas. Senyawa antioksidan tersebut sangat penting dalam kandungan zat aktif pada suatu sediaan sunscreen. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk memformulasikan ekstrak daun kelor menjadi sediaan sunscreen powder dan mengetahui nilai Sun Protection Factor (SPF). Daun kelor diekstraksi dengan metode maserasi menggunakan etanol 96% kemudian dibuat menjadi sediaan powder dengan 3 variasi konsentrasi ekstrak (F1=1%, F2=2%, F3=3%). Selanjutnya dilakukan evaluasi sediaan meliputi uji organoleptik, pH, kelembaban, iritasi dan SPF. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sediaan sunscreen powder ekstrak daun kelor memenuhi persyaratan karakteristik sediaan yang baik. Nilai SPF sediaan sunscreen powder ekstrak daun kelor berdasarkan hasil uji menggunakan spektrofotometri uv-visible menunjukkan tipe proteksi ultra yaitu F1 sebesar 18,07, F2 sebesar 20,31 dan F3 sebesar 20,36. Kata Kunci:         daun kelor, sunscreen powder, SPF
Faktor-Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Komplikasi Apendisitis dan Efektivitas Penggunaan Antibiotik Profilaksis pada Pasien Apendektomi di RSPAD Gatot Soebroto: Factors Associated with Complicated Appendicitis and the Effectiveness of Prophylactic Antibiotic Use in Appendectomy Patients at Gatot Soebroto Army Hospital Helman Kurniadi; Ros Sumarny; Timbul Partogi Haposan Simorangkir; Syamsudin Abdillah
Jurnal Sains dan Kesehatan Vol. 5 No. 6 (2023): J. Sains Kes.
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi, Universitas Mulawarman, Samarinda, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25026/jsk.v5i6.2109

Abstract

Appendicitis is often identified based on clinical characteristics. Appendectomy is the main therapy because antibiotics alone are not effective. However, appendectomy poses a risk of Surgical Site Infection (SSI), necessitating prophylactic antibiotic usage. This study aims to analyze the relationship between leukocyte type, clinical characteristics, and surgical factors with the type of appendicitis and to analyze the effectiveness of prophylactic antibiotic use. Antibiogram analysis used pus specimen cultures. A cross-sectional retrospective design covered 139 subjects treated from 2019-2021 at Gatot Soebroto Army Hospital. Data collection, through purposive sampling, followed set criteria. The chi-square test was used to determine relationships, followed by the logistic regression test. Complicated appendicitis appeared in 18% of males and 11.5% of females. The 15-40 age group (59%) had most cases and a high complicated appendicitis rate (51.2%). Three subjects experienced SSIs across age groups: <15, 15-40, and 41-65, with two of them being male. Neutrophil and lymphocyte counts related to appendicitis type. Dominant factors linked to appendicitis type were length of stay, operation duration, ASA (American Society of Anasthesiologists) score, age, and type of surgery. The most commonly used prophylactic antibiotics are cephalosporins. Prophylactic antibiotics were mostly effective in preventing SSI (97.8%). Gram-negative bacteria generally cause appendicitis, antibiotics that are resistant are generally from the penicillin group. Keywords:          Appendicitis, risk factors, prophylactic antibiotics, SSI   Abstrak Apendisitis diidentifikasikan berdasarkan karakteristik klinis. Apendiktomi menjadi terapi utama karena antibiotik saja tidak efektif, namun apendiktomi berisiko IDO (Infeksi Daerah Operasi) sehingga diperlukan antibiotik profilaksis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan antara tipe leukosit, karakteristik klinis, dan faktor pembedahan dengan tipe apendisitis serta menganalisis efektivitas penggunaan antibiotik profilaksis. Analisis antibiogram dilakukan berdasarkan kultur spesimen pus. Desain retrospektif cross-sectional digunakan dengan 139 subjek yang dirawat sejak 2019 hingga 2021 di RSPAD Gatot Soebroto. Pengumpulan data menggunakan metode purposive sampling sesuai kriteria yang dibuat oleh peneliti. Uji chi square digunakan untuk mengetahui adanya hubungan, kemudian dilanjutkan dengan uji regresi logistik. Apendisitis komplikata terjadi pada 18% pasien pria dan 11,5% pasien wanita. Usia terbanyak pada rentang 15-40 tahun (59%) dan usia tersebut memiliki persentase appendisitis komplikata tertinggi (51,2%). 3 subjek mengalami IDO berusia  <15 tahun, 15-40 tahun, dan 41-65 tahun, 2 di antaranya adalah pria. Terdapat hubungan antara neutrofil dan limfosit dengan jenis apendisitis. Urutan faktor yang paling berhubungan dengan tipe apendisitis adalah lama rawat, lama operasi, skor ASA (American Society of Anasthesiologist), usia, dan tindakan operasi. Antibiotik profilaksis yang paling sering digunakan adalah golongan sefalosporin. Antibiotik profilaksis sebagian besar efektif mencegah kejadian IDO (97,8%). Bakteri Gram-negatif secara umum menjadi penyebab apendisitis, antibiotik yang resisten umumnya adalah golongan penisilin. Kata Kunci:         Apendisitis, faktor risiko, antibiotik profilaksis, IDO
Uji Efektivitas Ekstrak Jamur Susu Harimau (Lignosus rhinocerus) Sebagai Antioksidan dengan Metode DPPH: Test of the Effectiveness of Tiger Milk Fungus (Lignosus rhinocerus) Extract as an Antioxidant by DPPH Method Rambe, Robiatun; Rani, Zulmai; Ginting, Ovalina Sylvia Br; Fauzi, Ziza Putri Aisyia
Jurnal Sains dan Kesehatan Vol. 6 No. 3 (2024): J. Sains Kes.
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi, Universitas Mulawarman, Samarinda, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25026/jsk.v6i3.2117

Abstract

Chemicals including alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and steroids are present in tigers milk mushrooms (Lignosus rhinocerus). This work compares the IC50 value of tiger milk mushrooms and assesses the antioxidant activity of ethanol extract. This study employed maceration as the extraction technique, utilizing a 1:10 ratio of 96% ethanol solvent. The antioxidant activity was assessed using the DPPH free radical reduction technique. Based on antioxidant activity studies, the tiger milk mushroom ethanol extract's IC50 value was 149.26 ppm, while vitamin C's was 3,238 ppm. Antioxidant activity was detected in the ethanol extract of tiger milk mushrooms, with an IC50 value of 19,206 ppm and an IC50 value of 3,238 ppm, suggesting that the antioxidant activity was in the middle range. But compared to the ethanol extract of tiger milk mushrooms, the vitamin C IC50 value was greater. Keywords:          Lignosus rhinocerus, Antioxidant activity, DPPH method   Abstrak Jamur susu harimau (Lignosus rhinocerus) memiliki kandungan kimia seperti alkaloid, flavonid, tanin, saponin dan steroid. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak etanol serta perbandingan nilai IC50 dari jamur susu harimau. Metode Ekstraksi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah maserasi menggunakan pelarut etanol 96% dengan perbandingan 1:10. Pengujian aktivitas antioksidan menggunakan metode peredaman radikal bebas DPPH. Dari hasil pengukuran aktivitas antioksidan diperoleh nilai IC50 ekstrak etanol jamur susu harimau sebesar 149,26 ppm dan vitamin C sebesar 3,238 ppm. Aktivitas antioksidan dari ekstrak etanol jamur susu harimau diperoleh dengan nilai IC50 ekstrak etanol jamur susu harimau sebesar 19,206 ppm dan vitamin C sebesar 3,238 ppm dimana aktivitas antioksidan tergolong kategori sedang, tetapi nilai IC50 vitamin C lebih baik dibandingkan ekstrak etanol jamur susu harimau. Kata Kunci:         Lignosus rhinocerus, Aktivitas antioksidan, Metode DPPH
Formulasi dan Uji Aktivitas Antioksidan dan SPF (Sun Protection Factor) Serum Ekstrak Etanol Kulit Pisang Raja (Musa paradisiaca L): Antioxidant and Activity Test Formulation and SPF (Sun Protection Factor) Serum Ethanol Extract from Banana Peel (Musa paradisiaca L) Jumarti Suhaela; Mirfaidah Nadjamuddin; Muh Ikhsan Amar; Wahyuni Wahyuni
Jurnal Sains dan Kesehatan Vol. 5 No. 6 (2023): J. Sains Kes.
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi, Universitas Mulawarman, Samarinda, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25026/jsk.v5i6.2118

Abstract

Banana peel (Musa paradisiaca L) contains saponins, polyphenols, tannins, flavonoids, and terpenoids, which are secondary metabolites with antioxidant activity. Antioxidant are chemical substances that, at certain levels, can prevent oxidative damage and protect cells from the risk of free radicals, a phenolic compound such as flavonoids. The study aimed to determine whether the ethanol extract of plantain peel (Musa paradisiaca L) can be formulated into a serum dosage from that is physically and chemically stable and to choose the total antioxidant activity of the srum extract plantain peel (Musa paradisiaca L) ethanol and Sun Protection Factor value. The experimental research method was in vitro using 96% ethanol solvent; the serum formulation were made with concentration of F1 (5%), F2 (10%), F3 (15%). Then, the antioxidant activity was tested using the phosphomolybdate method. The research result showed that the total antioxidant activity of the serum ethanol extract of plantai peel F1 (5%) 80.2232 mgQE/mL, F2 (10%) 132.6691 mgQE/mL, F3 (15%) 183.6267 mgQE/mL and the peel extract plantain (Musa paradisiaca L) can be made in the form of serum preparations as an antioxidant, as well as SPF value F1 (5%) 3 (minimal protection), F2 (10%) 5 (medium protection), F3 (15%) 4 (minimal protection) and K+ 3 (minimal protection). The highest total antioxidant activity was obtained from the formula (15%), namely 183.6267 mgQE/mL, and the best SPF value was obtained from the formula (10%) with the medium protection category. Keywords:          Antioxidant, phosphomolybdate, plantain peel, serum, Sun Protection Factor (SPF)   Abstrak Kulit Pisang Raja (Musa paradisiaca L) mengandung saponin, polifenol, tanin, flavonoid dan terpenoid yang merupakan senyawa metabolit sekunder yang memiliki aktivitas antioksidan. Antioksidan merupakan zat kimia yang dalam kadar tertentu dapat mencegah kerusakan oksidatif dan melindungi sel dari resiko radikal bebas, yang merupakan jenis senyawa fenolik seperti flavonoid. Tujuan Penelitian untuk mengetahui ekstrak etanol kulit pisang raja (Musa paradisiaca L) dapat diformulasikan kedalam bentuk sediaan serum yang stabil secara fisika dan kimia, dan mengetahui total aktivitas antioksidan serum ekstrak etanol kulit pisang raja (Musa paradisiaca L) serta nilai Sun Protection Factor. Metode penelitian eksperimental secara in vitro dengan menggunakan spektrofotometer UV-Vis, ekstraksi dengan metode maserasi menggunakan etanol 96%, lalu dibuat formulasi sediaan serum dengan konsentrasi F1 (5%), F2 (10%), F3 (15%). Kemudian diuji aktivitas antioksidan dengan metode Fosfomolibdat. Hasil penelitian diperoleh total aktivitas antioksidan serum ekstrak etanol kulit pisang raja F1(5%) 80,2232 mgQE/mL, F2(10%) 132,6691 mgQE/mL, F3(15%) 183,6267 mgQE/mL dan ekstrak kulit pisang raja (Musa paradisiaca L) dapat dibuat dalam bentuk sediaan serum sebagai antioksidan, serta nilai SPF F1(5%) 3 (proteksi minimal), F2(10%) 5 (proteksi sedang), F3(15%) 4 (proteksi minimal) dan K+ 3 (proteksi minimal). Total aktivitas antioksidan yang paling tinggi diperoleh dari formula (15%) yaitu 183,6267 mgQE/mL serta nilai SPF yang paling baik diperoleh dari formula (10%) dengan kategori proteksi sedang. Kata Kunci:         Antioksidan, fosfomolibdat, kulit pisang raja, serum, Sun Protection Factor (SPF)

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