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INDONESIA
RETORIKA: Jurnal Ilmu Bahasa
Published by Universitas Warmadewa
ISSN : 24069019     EISSN : 24430668     DOI : 10.22225
Core Subject : Education,
Education Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media
RETORIKA: Jurnal Ilmu Bahasa, 2406-9019 (Print ISSN), 2443-0668 (Electronic ISSN) is the Journal of Linguistics who published research articles and of theoretical articles in linguistic science which published by Linguistic Department, Postgraduated Program, Universitas Warmadewa. The journal is published twice a year every April and October published by Warmadewa Press. This journal encompasses original research articles, review articles, and short communications, including: Morphology Syntax Phonology Semantic Pragmatic Language Typology Discourse Analysis Translation Comparative Linguistics History Linguistic Anthropology Linguistic Ecology Applied Linguistic Language Learning
Arjuna Subject : Seni dan Humaniora - Bahasa dan Linguistik
Articles 356 Documents
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Analysis of Reading Comprehension Skills of the Folklore of Babad Alas Lo in Indonesian Language Subjects Sujiono, Sujiono
RETORIKA: Jurnal Ilmu Bahasa 149-158
Publisher : Program Studi Magister Ilmu Linguistik Universitas Warmadewa

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22225/jr.12.1.2026.149-158

Abstract

The purpose of the study was to analyse the reading comprehension skills of Babas Alas Lo folktales of class X Homeschooling Kusalamitra Gunung Kidul students. The type of research is descriptive quantitative research. Data from the reading comprehension skills test of folktales were analysed through descriptive statistics. The research was conducted at Kusalamitra Homeschooling, Wonosari sub-district, Gunung Kidul district. The research implementation time was from April to July 2024. The population used in this study were all grade X Homeschooling Kusalamitra students totalling 19 students. The data collection technique used was the test technique. The results of the research analysis of reading comprehension skills, focusing on the ability to analyse themes, plot, characters and characterizations, story setting, point of view, language style, and meaning in folklore. reading comprehension skills of folklore Babad Alas Lo in Class X Homeschooling Kusalamitra students in the good category. The average value of students' reading comprehension skills is 80.95. Students who successfully scored the reading comprehension skills of Babad Alas Lo folklore in the range of 86-100 (excellent) were 36.86%. 36.86% of the students who got the reading comprehension skill score of folktales of Babad Alas Lo with the range of 76-85 (good). As many as 26.32% of students got the score of reading comprehension skills of folktales of Babad Alas Lo with the range of 56-74 (fair).
Theme and Rheme Analysis in The Poem of Anne Finch Countess of Winchelsea: A Nocturnal Reverie Putri, I Gusti Ayu Vina Widiadnya; Satwika, I Gusti Ayu Agung Sintha; Raditya, I Made Kevin
RETORIKA: Jurnal Ilmu Bahasa 36-45
Publisher : Program Studi Magister Ilmu Linguistik Universitas Warmadewa

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22225/jr.12.1.2026.36-45

Abstract

This study analyses the use of theme and rhyme in the poem A Nocturnal Reverie by Anne Finch, Countess of Winchelsea. Using Systemic Functional Linguistics as a framework, the research examines the themes employed and their functions in conveying the poem's meaning and narrative flow. The study utilizes qualitative methods, analyzing the thematic structures in each clause of the 50-line poem. Findings reveal the prevalence of marked themes (21.52% of clauses), with topical, textual, and interpersonal themes identified. Simple and multiple themes are observed, along with marked and unmarked themes. Topical themes include participants, processes, and circumstances. Textual themes, primarily conjunctive, create logical links between clauses. No interpersonal themes were found. The analysis demonstrates how theme choices contribute to the poem's abstract imagery and ambiguous effects. Marked themes emphasize temporal settings and create contrast. The thematic patterns highlight the poem's narrative progression and the author's stylistic choices. This research provides insights into thematic structures in classical poetry, allowing comparison with modern literary works. The findings enhance understanding of how theme-rheme patterns shape poetic meaning and flow. This study contributes to the broader field of discourse analysis in literature by illuminating thematic devices in historical poetry.
Phonological Strategies in Eminem’s Songs: Assimilation and Elision Analysis Yolis, Deflorino; Utami, Ni Putu Cahyani Putri
RETORIKA: Jurnal Ilmu Bahasa 46-54
Publisher : Program Studi Magister Ilmu Linguistik Universitas Warmadewa

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22225/jr.12.1.2026.46-54

Abstract

This study investigates the phonological strategies of assimilation and elision in Eminem’s rap performance, focusing on two songs: Not Alike and Lucky You. While elision and assimilation are common in casual or fast speech, their usage in rap is often strategic, supporting rapid articulation, rhythmic precision, and stylistic expressiveness. The research applies a qualitative descriptive method, using close auditory analysis and phonetic transcription to identify patterns of connected speech. The theoretical framework draws on Generative Phonology (Chomsky & Halle, 1968) and Connected Speech Phenomena (Roach, 2009), which are particularly relevant for understanding systematic sound variation in dynamic, performance-based contexts like rap. The analysis reveals frequent occurrences of /?/-elision in -ing words (e.g., thinkin’, runnin’) and the omission of /t/, /d/, and /ð/ in clusters, particularly in Not Alike, highlighting syllabic efficiency and metrical tightness. Assimilation, slightly more dominant in Lucky You, mainly occurs as nasal place assimilation and palatalization, enabling smoother transitions and faster delivery aligned with the beat. These findings demonstrate intentional usage of phonological simplification to enhance musical fluency and rhythmic control. This study illustrates how rap integrates linguistic and musical performance, offering insights into how classical phonological rules are creatively manipulated through rule ordering and surface variation. Beyond theoretical relevance, the findings have practical implications for pronunciation teaching, prosodic awareness, and performance linguistics. Future research could explore cross-artist comparisons or listener perception of such reduced forms in real-time processing.
Illocutionary Acts by Kamala Harris in the 2020 Vice Presidential Debate Tarisa, Ni Kadek; Putri, I Gusti Ayu Vina Widiadnya
RETORIKA: Jurnal Ilmu Bahasa 11-24
Publisher : Program Studi Magister Ilmu Linguistik Universitas Warmadewa

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22225/jr.12.1.2026.11-24

Abstract

Abstract. An illocutionary act plays a significant role in political discourse, as it reveals the speaker’s intentions and persuasive strategies through language. While previous studies have explored illocutionary acts in social media and advertisement, this study focuses on the formal political debate setting, which remain unexplored. This study examines the types of illocutionary acts and their functions in the 2020 United States Vice Presidential Candidate Debate between Senator Kamala Harris and Vice President Mike Pence. This study focuses solely on the utterances delivered by Kamala Harris. A qualitative descriptive method was employed, analyzing Kamala Harris’s utterance using Searle (1976) classification to identify the types of illocutionary acts. Based on the results of this study, there are 65 data of illocutionary acts, which can be divided into 33 (51%) assertive acts, 12 (18%) directive acts, 10 (15%) commissive acts, and 10 (15%) expressive acts. This study also found various functions of each act based on the theory of  Yule (1996). Assertive acts include functions such as reporting, informing, and asserting; directive acts involve requesting and advising; commissive acts include refusing, promising, and vowing; and expressive acts feature praising, thanking, and condoling. The most frequently used function is reporting, with 9 occurrences (14%), which indicates Kamala Harris’s emphasis on presenting factual arguments. The findings highlight how language in political debates is used strategically to establish credibility, convey ideology, and persuade audiences.
A Linguistic Study of Code-Switching in Retno Marsudi’s Instagram Captions Wangi, Ni Luh Seri; Maharani, Putu Devi
RETORIKA: Jurnal Ilmu Bahasa 25-35
Publisher : Program Studi Magister Ilmu Linguistik Universitas Warmadewa

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22225/jr.12.1.2026.25-35

Abstract

Code-switching has emerged as a prominent linguistic phenomenon in today’s digital communication, especially among public figures aiming to engage diverse audiences. However, few studies have explored code-switching within the context of political and diplomatic communication on social media platforms. This study aims to analyze the types and functions of code-switching found in diplomacy-themed Instagram captions posted by Indonesia’s Minister of Foreign Affairs, Retno Marsudi. A descriptive qualitative method was applied, using Poplack’s theory (as cited in Romaine, 1995) to identify the types of code-switching, and Leech’s (1974) theory to analyze their communicative functions. The data consisted of Instagram captions published between January and December 2024. The findings revealed that inter-sentential code-switching was the most dominant type (91.67%), followed by intra-sentential code-switching (8.33%), with no instances of tag-switching. In terms of language functions, the captions often served expressive, informative, and directive purposes. These results indicate that code-switching was not used randomly but rather as a deliberate strategy to reach both domestic and international audiences, combining a formal diplomatic tone with personal engagement. Overall, this study contributes to a better understanding of multilingual strategies in digital diplomacy and highlights the intentional use of code-switching in constructing political image and facilitating global communication.
Directive Illocutionary Acts Used by The Characters in You People Movie Sita, I Gusti Agung Ayu Aries; Suastini, Ni Wayan
RETORIKA: Jurnal Ilmu Bahasa 101-115
Publisher : Program Studi Magister Ilmu Linguistik Universitas Warmadewa

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22225/jr.12.1.2026.101-115

Abstract

Illocutionary acts refer to the speaker’s intention in producing utterances, particularly in directing others to perform certain actions. This study analyzes the types of directive illocutionary acts found in You People movie using Yule’s (1996) theory. The research aims to identify and classify the directive illocutionary acts produced by the characters in the movie. A qualitative descriptive method was applied in analyzing the data. The findings reveal four types of directive illocutionary acts, namely ordering, forbidding, requesting, and suggesting. The results show that requesting appears most frequently with 16 data, followed by ordering (15 data), suggesting (8 data), and forbidding (5 data). These findings indicate that directive illocutionary acts are essential in expressing intentions and influencing others in social interactions within the movie.
Swear Words as Speech Event: Discourse Patterns and Functions Among EFL Context Andriani, Agis; Rahma, Verain Aulia; Rosmala, Dewi
RETORIKA: Jurnal Ilmu Bahasa 55-62
Publisher : Program Studi Magister Ilmu Linguistik Universitas Warmadewa

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22225/jr.12.1.2026.55-62

Abstract

This study examines the increasing significance of pragmatic competence in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) settings, specifically with the comprehension of socially sensitive language, including swearing words. Despite their common use in daily interactions to convey emotion, solidarity, and identity, swear words are not frequently examined in EFL research and are typically dismissed as just unacceptable or inappropriate language rather than valuable communicative tools. In Indonesia, swearing reflects the tension between global linguistic influences and local cultural norms, highlighting its connection to politeness and moral identity. This study aims to analyze the patterns and functions of sweari    ng used by EFL students in university interactions and to explore how this language reflects wider social and communicative processes. A descriptive qualitative technique using an exploratory case study design was used to gather data from 22 students of the 2022 English Department at the University of Siliwangi through open-ended questionnaires, supported with public comments from YouTube and X. According to Hymes' ethnography of communication, known as the SPEAKING model, the results indicate two predominant forms of swearing: abusive and expletive. Swearing serves not just as a form of verbal abuse but also as an expressive and interactional approach to foster solidarity, indicate closeness, and articulate dissatisfaction in contextually suitable ways. The findings emphasize EFL learners as proactive constructors of meaning who navigate identity and social relationships through language, highlighting the significance of cultural sensitivity, contextual awareness, and pragmatic competence in managing multifaceted language practices in intercultural communication.
Women’s Resistance to Male Authority in Madurese Song Lyrics Dzarna, D.; Anggaraeni, Astri Widyaruli; Seriefaza, Shaya; Ramadhan, Ichtiar Syahru
RETORIKA: Jurnal Ilmu Bahasa 72-81
Publisher : Program Studi Magister Ilmu Linguistik Universitas Warmadewa

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22225/jr.12.1.2026.72-81

Abstract

This research aims to unravel women’s resistance against male authority in Madurese song lyrics. This research is motivated by the limited number of studies examining women’s resistance to men through songs, which are a subtle yet powerful form of cultural expression. Madurese songs serve as a symbolic space for women to express their experiences, injustices, and critiques of gender relations. This study focuses on linguistic elements that contain open resistance, namely relational modality, negative diction, metaphors, and personal pronouns. The method employed is qualitative, utilizing Norman Fairclough's critical discourse analysis approach. The data source for this research is Madurese songs focusing on themes of polygamy, infidelity, and romance. The data are derived from the lyrics of Madurese songs. The findings reveal linguistic elements containing open resistance (public transcript), including relational modalities, negative diction, metaphors, and personal pronouns. Linguistic elements containing resistance are employed in Madurese song lyrics because Madurese women do not receive justice and do not want to be marginalized by male authority. From a feminist perspective, Madurese songs represent women’s negotiation of unequal power relations. Thus, Madurese women are not entirely naive; rather, they have their own ways of resisting, maintaining their dignity, and building awareness of their position within the social structure.
Analisis Linguistik Terhadap Kesalahan Berbahasa dalam Karya Jurnalistik Mahasiswa di Media Daring Genta FKIP UNJA Yusra, Hilman; Ningsih, Arum Gati; Nurfadilah, N.; Saputra, Ade Bayu
RETORIKA: Jurnal Ilmu Bahasa 63-71
Publisher : Program Studi Magister Ilmu Linguistik Universitas Warmadewa

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22225/jr.12.1.2026.63-71

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the forms and factors causing language errors in student journalistic works in the online media Genta FKIP UNJA. The method used is a corpus-based descriptive linguistic analysis using 20 news texts published in 2023–2024 as data sources. Data were analyzed by classifying errors at the levels of spelling, morphology, syntax, and semantics. The results showed that the most dominant errors were in the aspect of spelling, followed by morphology, semantics, and syntax. Errors include capitalization, loanwords, affixation, subject repetition, inappropriate use of conjunctions, ambiguity, redundancy, and the use of metaphorical expressions that are not contextually appropriate. Factors causing errors include a weak understanding of language rules, the influence of spoken language in writing, limited vocabulary, ineffective sentences, and minimal editing processes and journalistic training. The findings of this study indicate that improving the quality of student journalistic writing requires concrete solutions in practical techniques and skill development in language error analysis, the application of standard language rules, and systematic editing. Through these efforts, students are expected to produce news texts that are more accurate, effective, and communicative.
The Analysis of Code-Switching in Travel Vlogs on the Youtube Channel of Alman Mulyana Chaldun, Windi; Zulfan, Z.; Putri, Fadillah Shela; Pujiati, P.; Ginting, Kacar
RETORIKA: Jurnal Ilmu Bahasa 1-10
Publisher : Program Studi Magister Ilmu Linguistik Universitas Warmadewa

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22225/jr.12.1.2026.1-10

Abstract

This study examines the phenomenon of Arabic–Indonesian code-switching in the travel vlogs of Alman Mulyana on YouTube. The study is motivated by the gexcerpt ing use of digital platforms as spaces where multilingual practices naturally occur. A qualitative descriptive method was employed, and excerpt were purposively selected from 11 vlogs containing clear instances of code-switching. The vlogs are accessible through the link https://www.youtube.com/@AlmanMulyana1983. The excerpt were analyzed using the equivalent method to identify both the types and causal factors of code-switching. The results reveal three types: inter-sentential (60%), intra-sentential (30%), and tag switching (10%). In terms of factors, the most dominant is the intention of clarifying the speech content for the interlocutor (70%), followed by repetition for clarification (15%), while interjection and expressing group identity each account for 5%. The conclusion of this research is that code-switching in Alman Mulyana’s vlogs is used communicatively for Arabic native speakers and Indonesian audiences, and the dominance of inter-sentential code-switching indicates that Alman’s proficiency in Arabic is quite good, allowing him to use it almost on par with his first language. Code-switching in Alman’s vlogs functions primarily as a communicative strategy rather than a stylistic choice. The study contributes to sociolinguistic research by presenting YouTube as an authentic site of bilingual practice.

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