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Pharmaciana: Jurnal Kefarmasian
Published by Universitas Ahmad Dahlan
ISSN : 20884559     EISSN : 24770256     DOI : 10.12928
Core Subject : Health,
Medicine & Pharmacology
Pharmaciana is a scientific journal published by the University of Ahmad Dahlan worked closely with Ikatan Apoteker Indonesia (IAI). Pharmaciana published three times a year, namely March, July and November. with ISSN 2088-4559 and e-ISSN 2477-0256. The article published in the Journal Pharmaciana selected by editors and reviewed by the reviewer. Articles published in Pharmaciana must not be published in other journals or have been previously published. Pharmaciana is indexed in google scholar, ACI (Asean Citation Index), Dimension (Crossreff), Garuda, Sinta, Sherpa Romeo, Index Copernicus International, DOAJ, and BASE. Pharmaciana is accredited by DIKTI (DGHE) of Indonesia No. 105/E/KPT/2022 April 07, 2022
Arjuna Subject : Kimia(semua kategori) - Kimia (Lain-Lain)
Articles 808 Documents
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EFEK HEPATOPROTEKTIF SERBUK AKAR PASAK BUMI (Eurycoma longifolia Jack.) DILIHAT DARI AKTIVITAS SGPTSGOT TIKUS JANTAN YANG DIINDUKSI CCl4 Adikusuma, Wirawan; Bachri, Moch. Saiful
Pharmaciana Vol. 4 No. 2 (2014): Pharmaciana
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.12928/pharmaciana.v4i2.1574

Abstract

This study was designed to evaluate the hepatoprotective effect of the powder Eurycomalongifolia Jack. From the activity level of SGPT-SGOT on CCl4-induced in male rats. Twentyfive male rats (150-250 g) divide in to 5 groups. Group I treated with aquadest was kept asnormal, group II treated with a single dose of CCl4 (1 ml/ kg BW i.p), group III and IV weretreated with Eurycoma longifolia Jack. (100 mg/kg BW and 200 mg/kg BW p.o) respectivelyand CCl4 (1 ml/kg BW i.p), group V treated with a single dose of curcumin (100 mg/kg BWp.o) and CCl4 (1 ml/kg BW i.p). Blood was collected from vena porta for determination ofSGPT-SGOT. The study showed the activity level of SGPT from the rats was treated byEurycoma longifolia Jack. 100 mg/kg BW and 200 mg/kg BW, Curcumin, and control groupsare 150.0±5.099 U/L; 113.6±5.508 U/L; 60.5±2.887 U/L; and 129.0±6.055 U/L respectively. Mean while the activity level of SGOT from the rats was treated by Eurycoma longifolia Jack.100 mg/ kg BW and 200 mg/ kg BW, Curcumin, and control groups are 369.4±11.165;263.0±1.803; 194.5±7.448; and 451.5±16.759 U/L respectively. The Eurycoma longifoliaJack. powder and Curcumin significantly (p < 0.05) declines two enzymes (SGPT and SGOT)than control group. The results concluded that Eurycoma longifolia Jack. powder hashepatoprotective effect.
The Citrus sinensis peel extract’s increase HDL and reduce LDL levels in cigarette smoke-induced Rats Setyawati, Ika; Tamara, Armellia Sandra
Pharmaciana Vol. 13 No. 3 (2023): Pharmaciana
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.12928/pharmaciana.v13i3.15927

Abstract

Background: Cigarette smoke contains various oxidative substances that can cause oxidative stress and can cause changes in the lipid profile especially in HDL and LDL. Oxidative stress changes can be inhibited by the administration of antioxidants from sweet orange peel which is expected to improve lipid profile. Objective: to find out the effect of sweet orange extract on changes in HDL and LDL levels.Method: Experimental research with pre and posttest group control design. The subjects were 25 white rats (Rattus novergicus) divided into five groups: negative, positive, dose 1 (37,5 mg / kgBW), dose 2 (75 mg / kgBW) and dose 3 (112,5 mg / KgBW) with each group consisting of 5 rats.Results: Statistic analysis of pretest and posttest HLD and LDL levels showed different mean (p = 0,043) for all groups. The highest difference in HDL levels was in the positive control group (37.55 mg / dL) and the lowest in the negative control group (2.66 mg / dL). The highest difference of LDL level was in positive control group (53,57 mg / dL) and lowest in negative control group (3,26 mg / dL). Conclusion: The results of this study can be concluded that the administration of sweet orange peel extract (Citrus sinensis) can inhibit the decrease in HDL cholesterol and increased levels of LDL in white rats (Rattus novergicus) induced by cigarette smoke.
Phytochemical and antibacterial analyses of essential oils extracted from the leaves of Euodia suaveolens scheff Sidharta, Boy Rahardjo; Atmodjo, Patricius Kianto
Pharmaciana Vol. 14 No. 2 (2024): Pharmaciana
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.12928/pharmaciana.v14i2.25827

Abstract

Euodia suaveolens is one of the plants that ancient people in Indonesia used due to its manifold benefits. Earlier research on this plant was mostly done on its potency as a mosquito repellent. This present study aims to determine the phytochemical and antibacterial analyses of the essential oils (EOs) extracted from the leaves of E. suaveolens. The EOs of the leaves of E. suaveolens were extracted by steam distillation method and were analyzed phytochemically utilizing the GC-MS technique to determine the chemical constituents. The chemical components were tested on four pathogenic bacteria Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Staphylococcus epidermidis utilizing the diffusion agar method. The results showed that the main compounds extracted from the EOs were delta curcumene, evodone, globulol, limonene, linalool, longipinenepoxide, menthofuran, and p-mentha-1,8-diene. The antibacterial analysis of these compounds showed potential activities to inhibit the growth of four pathogenic bacteria tested, but the inhibition zones formed were still lower compared to commercial antibiotic kanamycin. E. suaveolens EOs exhibited diameter of zone of inhibition as follows 2.03 plus minus 0.22, 0.50 plus minus 0.49, 1.38 plus minus 0.10, 1.40 plus minus 0.27 cm to E. coli, P. aeruginosa, S. aureus, and S. epidermidis while kanamycin showed 3.43 plus minus 0.08, 3.25 plus minus 0.08, 3.38 plus minus 0.12, and 3.18 plus minus 0.24 cm respectively. These results recommend that the main compounds extracted from the EOs of the leaves of E. suaveolens be explored further to determine their potencies as new antibiotic medications. 
Combination of Spirulina platensis powder and Stichopus variegatus powder against Bcl2 expression in the hippocampus of dementia Rats Botutihe, Lisa Agustina; Safira, Rizka; Yuliani, Sapto; Kintoko, Kintoko
Pharmaciana Vol. 14 No. 1 (2024): Pharmaciana
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.12928/pharmaciana.v14i1.26205

Abstract

Spirulina (Spirulina platensis) and golden sea cucumber (Stichopus variegatus) are known to have antioxidant activity that has the potential to prevent neurodegeneration disease. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of the combination of spirulina and golden sea cucumber on Bcl2 gene expression in pyramidal hippocampus cells of trimethyltin-induced dementia (TMT) rats. The study used Sprague Dawley rats  which were divided into 6 groups, namely the normal control group (CMC-Na and NaCl 0.9%), pain control (CMC-Na and TMT), positive control (citicoline dose 200 mg / kg and TMT) and test control injected with TMT and given a combination of spirulina and golden sea cucumber dose 200 mg/KgBB with three ratios namely 3: 1, 1: 1 and 1: 3. Extract and citicoline were given on day 1 to day 28, while TMT injection was given a single dose of 8 mg/KgBB on day 8. On the 36th day the rats were sacrificed, brains were removed and the right hemispherium cerebri was fed to 10% formalin in pbs. After 6 days the hippocampus was separated for immunohistochemical observation. The test result data was statistically analyzed with a one-way ANOVA test then followed by post hoc tukey to see the differences between groups. Results showed the combination of spirulina and golden sea cucumber can increase the expression of the Bcl2 gene in the hippocampus. The combination of spirulina and golden sea cucumber (ST1: 3) dose of 200 mg / kg body weight was able to increase hippocampus Bcl2 expression with the number of Bcl2 cell expression almost the same as citicoline in both CA1 and CA2-CA3 regions.
Anti-hyperlipidemic effect of Indonesian mangosteen peel extract in dyslipidemia-induced rats Darsono, Lusiana; Suherman, Jo; Widowati, Wahyu; Kusuma, Hanna Sari Widya
Pharmaciana Vol. 13 No. 3 (2023): Pharmaciana
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.12928/pharmaciana.v13i3.26255

Abstract

Dyslipidemia, is due to an increase in blood lipid levels, which include cholesterol, triglycerides and low-density lipoprotein. Dyslipidemia is expected to remain as a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, diabetic and atherosclerosis. Mangosteen is an antioxidant agent that can exhibit a potential free radical scavenging property and protected oxidation of low-density lipoprotein. The aim of this research was to determine hypolipidemic and antioxidant effect of mangosteen peel extract (MPE) in dyslipidemia rats. Lipid profile including cholesterol total (CHOL), triglyceride (TG), High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) and Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL) of dyslipidemia rats were measured using photometric method. Rats were fed cholesterol for 4 weeks until rats were indicated dyslipidemia. After rats suffered dyslipidemia, the high cholesterol feed was stopped and rats were given mangosteen peel extract 1000; 500; 250 mg/Kg body weight (bw) daily for 14 days (first treatment) and 28 days (second treatment), negative control (normal feed), and positive control (dyslipidemia rats). MDA plasma level also was measured. The CHOL, TG, LDL and HDL of dyslipidemia rats remarkable decreased after treated by 1000 mg/Kg mangosteen peel extract. After 28 days of treatment, the CHOL, TG and LDL were critically declined by 1000 mg/Kg mangosteen peel extract. MDA plasma level showed decreased in all treatments after 28 days of treatment. The dyslipidemia rats treated by mangosteen peel extract showed hypolipidemic activity, according to decreased level of lipid profile including cholesterol, triglycerides and LDL. The MDA level can also be decreased by mangosteen peel extract by increasing the concentration.
Antibacterial activity of guava leaf ethanolic extract (Psidium guajava L.) nanosuspension against Escherichia coli bacteria Nurdianti, Lusi; Yuliana, Anna; Raras, Euis; Setiawan, Fajar; Wulandari, Winda Trisna; Firmansya, Ardianes
Pharmaciana Vol. 14 No. 2 (2024): Pharmaciana
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.12928/pharmaciana.v14i2.26359

Abstract

Diarrhea is a condition where a person has bowel movements three or more times a day, with consistent stools. One of the common bacteria that causes diarrhea is Escherichia coli. Empirical and preclinical studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of guava leaves (Psidium guajava L.) in treating diarrhea due to their tannin content. Nanosuspension formulations can be created to simplify the use of guava leaves for medicinal purposes. This study aims to investigate the efficacy of guava leaf extract, both in its natural form and as a nanosuspension preparation, against Escherichia coli. Additionally, the study aims to characterize the guava leaf extract nanosuspension used in the experiment. The technique used to make nanosuspension involves ionic gelation methods by using chitosan as a polymer, and subsequent characterization of the resulting product includes organoleptic testing, specific weight, pH, sedimentation volume, and viscosity. After the characterization of the guava leaf nanosuspension, it was found that the optimal formula had a particle size of 245.7 nm at a concentration of 0.01%, a polydispersion index of 0.406, and a zeta potential of +26.9 mV. Guava leaf ethanol extract 1% has a diameter of the inhibitory zone of 4.05±0.45 mm. However, the nanosuspension form of P. guajava L at a concentration of 0.01% has an inhibitory zone diameter of 11.45±0.64 mm. The nanosuspension formulation using P. guajava L has met the evaluation requirements and has antibacterial activity against E. coli bacteria.
In silico study: secondary metabolites from malay apple (Syzygium malaccense (L.) Merr. & L.M. Perry) as potential breast cancer treatments Prasetiawati, Riska; Fauzan, Nawadhir; Suherman, Meilia
Pharmaciana Vol. 13 No. 3 (2023): Pharmaciana
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.12928/pharmaciana.v13i3.26537

Abstract

Breast cancer has the highest prevalence of all cancers. Breast cancer has overtaken lung cancer as the leading cause of global cancer incidence in 2020, accounting for 2,261,419 new cases, or 11.7% of all new cancer cases worldwide. Among the efforts that can be done are efforts to find breast cancer medications that are safe and selective for the treatment and prevention of cancer, particularly those derived from medicinal plants. The Malay apple (Syzygium malaccense (L.) Merr. and L.M. Perry) is one plant that has been extensively examined and proved to have an antiproliferative effect. The pharmacophore modelling, molecular docking, and molecular dynamic approach was conducted on 155 active compounds of Malay apple to alpha and beta estrogen receptors. According on the results of ER-lamda docking, numerous substances have binding free energy values less than 4-OHT yet are not bound to important amino acids, as the result, it is not continued to the next test. On other side, with a fit score of 45.81, rutin was potentially selective for ER-beta receptors, molecular docking to ER-beta obtained that rutin was predicted to have breast cancer activity with a free binding energy value of -10.6 kcal /mol with better conformation and affinity compared to native ligand (genistein), and bound to essential amino acids as anticancer breast at ARG 346, GLU 305,  and molecular dynamics simulations show that the compound has good stability when binding to the receptor. In silico toxicity prediction from rutin showed outcomes that match the requirements for the candidate drug. However, because it does not match the ADME prediction and Lipinsky's rule of five, rutin must be optimalization to improve its pharmacokinetic and pharmacological profile before it can be further explored as a therapeutic option for the treatment of breast cancer that targets the ER- receptor.
The effect of syrup simplex concentration on the physicochemical stability of Gembili’s inulin (Dioscorea esculenta (Lour.) Burkill) nanosilver colloid Ermawati, Dian Eka; Hanuriansyah, Yavi
Pharmaciana Vol. 14 No. 2 (2024): Pharmaciana
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.12928/pharmaciana.v14i2.26569

Abstract

Gembili tuber's inulin is a successful bioreductor agent that forms a nanosilver with a size of 481.4 nm and is stable for 30 days at 4 °C storage. That nanosilver has immunomodulatory activity and is proven safe from the results of acute toxicity tests at a dose of 4 mg/kgBB. However, a drug delivery system is needed to be developed as a supplement product. The syrup was chosen because it is free of alcohol, has a better taste, measured dose, and stability of the active substance compared to elixir, solution, and suspension. Simplex syrup as a syrup base affects stability because it has the potential to form crystals during storage. This research aims to determine the effect of simplex syrup concentration on the stability of nanosilver syrup. The research was conducted with the biosynthesis process using gembili's inulin, nanosilver characteristic, modified syrup formula, and stability test. Nanosilver syrup was prepared by modifying the simplex syrup concentration of 20%, 40%, and 60%. Nanosilver was added at 4 mg/KB b.w, then tested the physicochemical; stability, including organoleptic, pH, and viscosity, before and after storage with temperature variations of 4 °C and 40 °C for six cycles. The best formula then analysis of sugar reduction content and FT-IR. Data analysis using SPSS 21.0 Windows with One-way ANOVA test, Post Hoc, and Paired T-Test. The results showed that the concentration of simplex syrup affected consistency, pH, and viscosity. The simplex syrup concentration of 60% met the requirement with a medium thick consistency, pH 5.25±0.03, a viscosity of 92±2.6 cps, reducing sugar content was 20.59% ±0.002, and the FTIR profile showed that it still contained nanosilver which was indicated by the presence of Ag-N groups compared to silver nitrate solution.
The determination of antioxidant and lead content of hemiparasite Dendrophthoe vitellina (F. Muell) Tiegh on Nutmeg Sabandar, Anna Helena; Kasmiyati, Sri; Djohan, Djohan
Pharmaciana Vol. 13 No. 3 (2023): Pharmaciana
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.12928/pharmaciana.v13i3.26780

Abstract

 Mistletoe, a parasitic plant growing on nutmeg trees, is conventionally perceived as a parasitic entity with limited regard for its potential medicinal value. On the other hand, mistletoe has a remarkable potential source of valuable medicinal compounds, particularly in traditional healthcare, due to its secondary metabolites such as flavonoid, phenolic, ascorbic acid, and antioxidant activity. Nevertheless, both the host tree and the environment, like Pb, influence the adaptive responses of secondary metabolites. This study aimed to determine the secondary metabolites, such as flavonoids, phenolics, ascorbic acid, antioxidant activity, and Pb content in the leaves of D. vitellina and nutmeg (M. fragrans). The samples were obtained via maceration using ethanol. The spectrophotometric analysis method was used to measure several parameters, using particular reagents for phenolic compounds using Folin-Ciocalteu, flavonoids using AlCl3, and ascorbic acid using sulfosalicylic acid), antioxidant activity using DPPH, and Pb using the AAS method. The results indicated that D. vitellina possesses a higher concentration of flavonoid and phenolic compounds, followed by 3.36 ± 1.92 % (w/w) and 18.45 ± 2.35 % (w/w) respectively. Conversely, nutmeg had a significant ascorbic acid concentration of 3.99 ± 4.38 % (w/w). The significant presence of phenolics and flavonoids had a crucial role in the antioxidant activity seen in D. vitellina, which exhibited exceptionally potent antioxidant properties. All samples contain Pb, ranging from 0.00001–0.00021 % (w/w), within the maximum allowable limits. Therefore, mistletoe is notable for being a reliable and encouraging plant species that can provide a natural supply of antioxidants and be safely used in traditional medicine.
In silico study of the essential oil compounds of ginger and thyme on Coronavirus-2 receptors Caroline, Caroline; Ervina, Martha; Pratama, Muhammad Rizki Fadhil; Jessica, Maria Anabella
Pharmaciana Vol. 13 No. 3 (2023): Pharmaciana
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.12928/pharmaciana.v13i3.26964

Abstract

Coronavirus-2 (SARS-Cov-2) is a virus that attacks the respiratory system and causes the Covid-19 pandemic. After the pandemic, prevention and appropriate therapy research continue to be carried out to anticipate the emergence of more dangerous viruses. In line with the culture of consuming herbs that has arisen due to the effects of the pandemic, in this study, an insilico screening was carried out for essential oil compounds produced by ginger and thyme herbs which have been widely consumed by the public. The aim of the research was to find the essential oil content that has the most potential as an antiviral against coronavirus-2. The research method was carried out in silico, including ligand preparation, receptor and method validation, and analysis of ligand-receptor binding interactions using the AutoDoc 4.2.6 program. As a comparison, a study was conducted on remdesivir and favipiravir, which have been used as antivirals. The three components that have the most potential based on the calculation of the free energy value, were determined by the ADMET parameters using the Admet lab 2.0 program. The results showed that the three components in the essential oil exhibited better interactions when compared to remdesivir and favipiravir at the 3-Cl protease and spike glycoprotein receptors. The results of the insilico study and ADMET prediction test showed that of the three most potent compounds, lamda-farnesen was the most potent and safe to use

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