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Pharmaciana: Jurnal Kefarmasian
Published by Universitas Ahmad Dahlan
ISSN : 20884559     EISSN : 24770256     DOI : 10.12928
Core Subject : Health,
Medicine & Pharmacology
Pharmaciana is a scientific journal published by the University of Ahmad Dahlan worked closely with Ikatan Apoteker Indonesia (IAI). Pharmaciana published three times a year, namely March, July and November. with ISSN 2088-4559 and e-ISSN 2477-0256. The article published in the Journal Pharmaciana selected by editors and reviewed by the reviewer. Articles published in Pharmaciana must not be published in other journals or have been previously published. Pharmaciana is indexed in google scholar, ACI (Asean Citation Index), Dimension (Crossreff), Garuda, Sinta, Sherpa Romeo, Index Copernicus International, DOAJ, and BASE. Pharmaciana is accredited by DIKTI (DGHE) of Indonesia No. 105/E/KPT/2022 April 07, 2022
Arjuna Subject : Kimia(semua kategori) - Kimia (Lain-Lain)
Articles 760 Documents
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Formulation and in-vitro antioxidant evaluation of α-mangostin, piperin, curcumin in oral patch and their combination Suharyani, Ine Suharyani; Mardianingrum, Richa; Falya, Yuniarti; Pratama, Rizki; Mas'ud, Ibnu; Daruwati, Isti
Pharmaciana Vol. 15 No. 2 (2025): Pharmaciana
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.12928/pharmaciana.v15i2.29906

Abstract

Natural antioxidants have been developed in various formulations as alternatives to reduce the side effects associated with synthetic antioxidants. α-Mangostin exhibits strong antioxidant properties, although its behavior in combination with other herbal compounds remains unclear. The aim of this study was to formulate a combination of α-M, piperine, and curcumin into an oral patch and to evaluate the antioxidant properties of α-M when combined with piperine and curcumin, both known natural antioxidants. The oral patches were prepared by incorporating the active compounds (α-mangostin, piperine, and curcumin) into a matrix of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), gelatin, and chitosan. Glycerin was added as a plasticizer. Organoleptic assessment, along with evaluations of pH, weight, folding endurance, and moisture absorption capacity, confirmed the successful formulation of α-mangostin (MP), piperine (PP), curcumin (CP), and combination (MPCP) patches as oral delivery systems. All patches maintained a pH above 5.5. The thicknesses of MP, PP, CP, and MPCP were measured at 0.14 ± 0.02 mm, 0.17 ± 0.01 mm, 0.15 ± 0.02 mm, 0.11 ± 0.01 mm, and 0.16 ± 0.02 mm, respectively. The combination of these natural compounds enhanced folding endurance compared to the individual curcumin and piperine patches, while slightly reducing antioxidant activity. The co-formulation of α-mangostin, piperine, and curcumin into a single oral patch demonstrated a modest decline in antioxidant capacity. This study aimed to assess the impact of combining multiple antioxidant-rich natural compounds within a single delivery system.
Formulation and release testing of mecobalamin in gelatin capsule derived from striped Snakehead (Channa striata) Sari, Mayang; Diana, Vivi Eulis; Siahaan, Azmialamsyah Putra
Pharmaciana Vol. 15 No. 2 (2025): Pharmaciana
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.12928/pharmaciana.v15i2.30001

Abstract

Capsules are medicinal preparations wrapped in hard or soft capsule shells. The material for making capsule shells is gelatin obtained from partial hydrolysis of animal skin or bones. One source of gelatin that can be used as a basic material for forming capsule shells is snakehead fish skin. This study aimed to produce capsule shells from snakehead skin, varying the gelatin concentration in the capsule shells, and to assess the drug release properties. The evaluation of the capsule shells included measurements of length, diameter, thickness, weight, volume, disintegration time, swelling degree, and mecobalamin release using a dissolution apparatus in a simulated gastric fluid medium, with mecobalamin levels measured by UV spectrophotometry. The results showed that the snakehead capsule displayed good physical properties. The best swelling degree was observed in formula 2, with a value of 24.59%, which is close to the 27.58% swelling degree of commercial capsules (mecobalamin) at the 10-min. The mecobalamin release test indicated that the capsules from formula 2 released 30.40% of the drug at the 30-min when tested at 278 nm, compared to 33.50% from commercial capsules. Testing at a wavelength of 352 nm for formula 2 was 29.25% compared to commercial mecobalamin capsules at 34.67%. These findings highlight the promising utility of gelatin from snakehead skin in the formulation of effective drug delivery systems.
Physical, chemical, and microbiological evaluation of antiaging and antibacterial face serum preparations from gotu kola extracts (Centella asiatica L.) Latirah, Latirah; Nugroho, Priyanto Dwi
Pharmaciana Vol. 15 No. 2 (2025): Pharmaciana
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.12928/pharmaciana.v15i2.30275

Abstract

The amount of air pollution and unhealthy lifestyles can increase the body's free radicals. Gotu kola herb contains asiaticoside, flavonoids, and compounds with antioxidant activity. To evaluation physical, chemical and microbiological formulation serum-gotu kola extract with 10%, 12%, and 14% concentrations. Evaluation concist of organoleptic, physically, chemically, and microbiologically. Organoleptically, the sample had a fresh smell, greenish color, and soft texture, with pH between 5.0-5.5; specific gravity 1.08 g/mL-1.09 g/mL; spreadability 7.0-7.5 cm; stickiness 1.070 more than 2 minutes; viscosity between 1.200-5.100 cP. The antioxidant test DPPH method had an IC50 value 8.79-20.34 ppm, and the FRAP method had an AAE/g of 0.06099-0.08017 mg AAE/g. The phosphomolybdic method had a value of 6.67-23.17 ppm. The antibacterial analysis of serum formulas showed that S. aureus bacteria were more susceptible than E. coli (p<0.05). This indicates that all formulas have more potent inhibition against Gram-positive bacteria. Conclusion The results obtained showed that all formula had antioxidant activity, antimicrobial activity and meets the physical criteria of face serum. Thus the serum formula at a concentration of extract centella 10%, 12%, and 14% can be used to prepare natural serum, which formula 3 (14%) is the best formula.
Utilization of chicken eggshell in body scrub formula with rosella extract (Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn) to improve skin moisture Nafiah, Rahma; Nurohman, Ikra; Shofa, Dara Kamelia
Pharmaciana Vol. 15 No. 2 (2025): Pharmaciana
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.12928/pharmaciana.v15i2.30280

Abstract

Chicken eggshells contain calcium carbonate, which can function as an exfoliating agent for dead skin cells in the epidermis. Rosella flower contains anthocyanins, which maintain skin moisture through their antioxidant activity. This study aimed to create a body scrub formula combining chicken eggshell and rosella extract, which provides a moisturizing effect on the skin. The study began with the preparation of chicken eggshell powder and rosella flower extract. The body scrub formulation combines eggshell powder and rosella extract with different concentration variations: F1 10%:0.5%, F2 10%:1.0%, and F3 10%:1.5%. The formula was evaluated and characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and freeze-thaw stability test were carried out. Irritation test was conducted on rabbits. The occlusive test was conducted in vitro using filter membranes, and a moisture test was performed on 15 volunteers over 28 days using a skin analyzer. The evaluation results show that the formula is cream-colored, homogeneous, semi-solid, with a pH of 6 and a spreadability of 4 cm. Stability tests result showed that the formula was stable in terms of organoleptic properties, although a pH increase was observed. FTIR characterization showed no new interactions formed in the formula. The irritation test showed that the formula does not cause irritation. The occlusive test indicates that the formula retains water vapor for up to 48 hours. The moisture test results show that the formula can moisturize the skin by 60% on the 16th day, with the Mann-Whitney test yielding a p-value of 0.728 for F2 compared to the control. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the body scrub formula combining chicken eggshells and rosella extract effectively moisturizes the skin and does not cause irritation.
A 90-day intervention study of honey-black cumin and Curcuma xanthorrhiza supplementation on hematological profiles in stunted children Hardia, Lukman; Akrom, Akrom; Sulistyani, Nanik; Sun, Suny; Hidayati, Titiek
Pharmaciana Vol. 15 No. 2 (2025): Pharmaciana
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.12928/pharmaciana.v15i2.30300

Abstract

The preparation of honey-black cumin and Curcuma xanthorrhiza to improve the hematological profile of stunted children is an innovation in utilizing local resources. The primary active components of the supplement, fructose, tymoquinone, and curcumin, have demonstrated a variety of biological activities in the lab. This study aims to determine the effect of consuming honey-black cumin and Curcuma xanthorrhiza on the hematological profile of stunted children. The research method employed a quasi-experimental design with a pre- and post-test, including a control group. The 40 subjects of stunted children were divided into two groups (stunting control and stunting intervention). Univariate analysis examined demographic characteristics, while independent samples t-test and paired samples t-test were used to study numerical data. Results: Statistical analysis of paired sample t-tests revealed that equipping the stunting group with honey-black cumin and Curcuma xanthorrhiza significantly increased lymphocyte count (p <0.001) and decreased neutrophil count (p <0.001). The number of neutrophils and lymphocytes in the intervention stunting group was significantly different (p<0.001) from the control stunting group, according to independent sample t-test findings. Conclusion: A 90-day intervention of honey-black cumin and Curcuma xanthorrhiza improved the levels of leukocyte, lymphocyte, and neutrophil in stunted children.
Antioxidant activity of formulation of Roselle calyx herbal syrup as a functional beverage Kartini, Kartini; Dewi, Tan Angela Puspita; Wulandari, Septia Monica
Pharmaciana Vol. 15 No. 2 (2025): Pharmaciana
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.12928/pharmaciana.v15i2.30569

Abstract

Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa) flowers are rich in anthocyanins and organic acids, which contribute to their characteristic red-colored calyx and sour flavor, along with notable biological activities. This study aimed to develop and optimize a functional roselle syrup formulation by incorporating selected spices—cinnamon, cloves, and cardamom—and using xanthan gum and Tween 60 as stabilizing agents. Six formulations (F1–F6) were prepared and evaluated based on their physicochemical characteristics, antioxidant activity, and stability. Among the formulations, F3 (containing 1% xanthan gum and 0.2% Tween 60) showed the most favorable results, with a pH of 2.73, viscosity of 403.3 cP, total anthocyanin content of 67.85 mg/L, and DPPH free radical inhibition of 50.43% and 64.05% at concentrations of 1% v/v and 2% v/v, respectively. Upon reconstitution at a 1:5 ratio, the syrup retained appealing organoleptic qualities, including a bright red color, sweet-sour taste, and herbal aroma. During a 42-day storage study, the syrup maintained stable viscosity and antioxidant activity for up to 21 days, with pH remaining within the acceptable range (2–4) despite a slight increase. However, anthocyanin content showed significant degradation after day 7. These findings highlight the need for further formulation improvement to enhance anthocyanin and antioxidant stability in roselle syrup products.
In vitro assessment of antioxidant and photoprotective activities of torch ginger leaf extract (Etlingera elatior (Jack.) R.M.Sm.) Taurhesia, Shelly; Kristanty, Yosepha; Winsari, Crisya
Pharmaciana Vol. 15 No. 2 (2025): Pharmaciana
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.12928/pharmaciana.v15i2.30650

Abstract

The torch ginger plant (Etlingera elatior (Jack) R.M.Sm.) is a member of the Zingiberaceae family and is frequently called kecombrang in Java. This plant has been used as a traditional medicine and food flavor enhancer but is limited as a cosmetic ingredient. Flavonoids and phenolic compounds are examples of secondary metabolites found in this plant. Most flavonoid compounds show sunscreen activity due to the chromophore groups (conjugated single double bonds) capable of absorbing UV A and UV B radiation. According to BPOM Decree No. 17/2022, only listed ingredients in Annex 4 are considered as UV filters but natural herbal compounds with antioxidant properties are applied as sunscreens. This study focused on the in vitro assessment of antioxidant and photoprotective activity from E. elatior leaf extract. First, extracting a 70% ethanol extraction of torch ginger leaves, then evaluated the extract’s quality, its antioxidant activity via the DPPH assay, and its in-vitro photoprotective activity using a UV spectrophotometer. The results showed that the extract from E. elatior leaves possesses remarkably strong antioxidant properties, as shown by its IC50 value of 47.46 μg/mL, and the extract at concentration of 1000 μg/mL provided photoprotection activity calculated as an SPF of 24.05 (ultra protection), erythema transmission value of 1.18% (extra protection) and pigmentation transmission value of 3.49% (total block). It can be concluded that torch ginger leaf extract has high potential as a cosmetic natural ingredient because of very strong antioxidant activity and photoprotective ultra protection.  
Virtual screening of bioactive compounds from the lamiaceae family as acetylcholinesterase inhibitors for alzheimer’s disease Noviardi, Harry; Utami, Mega; Masaenah, Eem
Pharmaciana Vol. 15 No. 2 (2025): Pharmaciana
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.12928/pharmaciana.v15i2.30709

Abstract

Alzheimer's disease is a progressive neurological disorder that can impact adults aged 65 and beyond. A primary factor contributing to Alzheimer’s is the diminished availability of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine in the brain. Plants from the Lamiaceae family have been believed to possess potential as acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEI) that can alleviate the symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease. This study aims to find possible bioactive compounds from plants of the Lamiaceae family, specifically Salvia officinalis L., Salvia lavandulifolia Vahl., Rosmarinus officinalis L., Collinsonia canadensis L., and Melissa officinalis L., as acetylcholinesterase inhibitors using in silico approaches. Active compounds from the Lamiaceae family were evaluated based on physicochemical properties, toxicity, Gibbs free energy (∆G), inhibition constant (Ki), absorption, excretion, metabolism, distribution, and molecular dynamics. From a total of 1,370 compounds derived from Lamiaceae plants, the compound 3,5,5-Trimethyl-4-[3-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl) oxan-2]-yl]oxybut-1-enyl] cyclohex-2-en-1-one (TOC) from Salvia officinalis L. exhibited potential as an AChEI, possessing a molecular weight of 370 Daltons, 4 hydrogen donors, 7 hydrogen acceptors, a Log P partition coefficient of 3.46, a molar refractivity of 100, a Gibbs free energy change (∆G) of -11.2 kcal/mol, an inhibition constant (Ki) of 0.981 μM, and a total energy calculated via Molecular Mechanics Generalized Born Surface Area of 31.381 kcal/mol. In silico, the TOC ligand inhibits acetylcholinesterase to treat Alzheimer's.
In silico and in vitro studies of flavanoid content of Uncaria gambir Roxb stem extract on antidiabetic activity Fawaid, Ainun; Mahfudh, Nurkhasanah; Utami, Dwi; Mohamed, Farahidah
Pharmaciana Vol. 15 No. 2 (2025): Pharmaciana
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.12928/pharmaciana.v15i2.30765

Abstract

Bajakah Kalalawit (Uncaria gambir Roxb.) is a typical plant of the Dayak tribe of Kalimantan, Indonesia. This study aims to evaluate the antidiabetic potential of Bajakah Kalalawit stem extract through in silico and in vitro approaches. In silico analysis was conducted to identify the interaction of bioactive compounds in 96% ethanol extract of Bajakah Kalalawit stems with the alpha-glucosidase enzyme (PDB ID : 5NN8), which is the main target in the treatment of diabetes. The results of molecular simulations showed that 2 bioactive compounds of the flavonoid group, namely Bikisocoumarin (-8.25 kcal/mol) and Pinostrobin (-5.81 kcal/mol) contained in 96% ethanol extract of Bajakah Kalalawit stems have significant inhibitory potential against the enzyme. Furthermore, in vitro tests were conducted to assess the inhibitory activity against the alpha-glucosidase enzyme and its effect on reducing blood glucose levels. The experimental results showed that 96% ethanol extract of Bajakah Kalalawit stems was able to significantly (ρ < 0.05) inhibit alpha-glucosidase activity (IC50 = 0.296 ± 0.004 μg/mL). This finding indicates that Bajakah Kalalawit has the potential as a source of active antidiabetic ingredients that can be further developed as an alternative therapy for diabetes management.
Optimization study on palm fat base (HAMIN®) and purified water proportion in diphenhydramine hydrochloride cream formulation Winarti, Lina; Gazzali, Amirah Mohd; Arafika, Whendy Waliya; Ameliana, Lidya; Ulfa, Evi Umayah; Nurahmanto, Dwi; Paramayuda, Farukh
Pharmaciana Vol. 15 No. 2 (2025): Pharmaciana
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.12928/pharmaciana.v15i2.30790

Abstract

HAMIN® is a self-emulsifying base composed of a mixture of hydrogenated palm kernel oil and hydrogenated palm kernel stearin. This formulation not only enhances the aesthetic quality of products but also simplifies the manufacturing process, as it eliminates the need for additional emulsifying agents to form a stable cream. Due to these properties, HAMIN® is considered highly suitable for the development of both pharmaceutical and cosmetic formulations. Despite its potential applications, no prior research has investigated the optimal ratio of HAMIN® palm fat base to distilled water distilled waterrequired to achieve desirable physical characteristics and drug release properties in cream formulations. Therefore, this study aims to determine the optimum composition of HAMIN® palm fat base and distilled water for the formulation of diphenhydramine hydrochloride cream. The optimization process was conducted using the simplex lattice design (SLD) method, a statistical approach commonly employed to evaluate and optimize multicomponent formulations. The experimental results demonstrated that increasing the concentration of HAMIN® palm fat base had a dominant effect on enhancing the pH, viscosity, adhesion, and stability of the cream. Conversely, a higher concentration of distilled water significantly improved spreadability, extrudability, and drug release flux. These findings indicate that the selection of base composition plays a crucial role in determining the overall performance of the cream formulation. The optimal formulation, as determined through SLD analysis, consisted of 41.667% HAMIN® palm fat base and 48.333% distilled water, achieving a desirability index of 0.649. This composition represents the most balanced formulation in terms of physical stability and drug release, making it a promising candidate for further pharmaceutical and cosmetic applications.

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