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Pharmaciana: Jurnal Kefarmasian
Published by Universitas Ahmad Dahlan
ISSN : 20884559     EISSN : 24770256     DOI : 10.12928
Core Subject : Health,
Medicine & Pharmacology
Pharmaciana is a scientific journal published by the University of Ahmad Dahlan worked closely with Ikatan Apoteker Indonesia (IAI). Pharmaciana published three times a year, namely March, July and November. with ISSN 2088-4559 and e-ISSN 2477-0256. The article published in the Journal Pharmaciana selected by editors and reviewed by the reviewer. Articles published in Pharmaciana must not be published in other journals or have been previously published. Pharmaciana is indexed in google scholar, ACI (Asean Citation Index), Dimension (Crossreff), Garuda, Sinta, Sherpa Romeo, Index Copernicus International, DOAJ, and BASE. Pharmaciana is accredited by DIKTI (DGHE) of Indonesia No. 105/E/KPT/2022 April 07, 2022
Arjuna Subject : Kimia(semua kategori) - Kimia (Lain-Lain)
Articles 808 Documents
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Antifungal activity of peppermint leaf essential oil (Mentha x piperita l.) against Microsporum gypseum and Microsporum canis Setiawan, Glory Laura; Wijaya, Lorettha; Arieselia, Zita; Surja, Sem Samuel; Dewi, Rita
Pharmaciana Vol. 15 No. 3 (2025): Pharmaciana
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.12928/pharmaciana.v15i3.30481

Abstract

Dermatophyte infections caused by Microsporum gypseum and Microsporum canis are common health issues affecting humans and animals. Peppermint leaves (Mentha x piperita L.) contain active constituents such as menthol and menthone, known for their antifungal potency. Authentication of Mentha piperita (peppermint) leaf in this study was performed through chemical profiling. The major constituents identified in peppermint essential oil include menthol, pulegone, isopulegol, limonene, and methylene. The purpose of this study was to examine the potency of peppermint leaf distillation essential oil in inhibiting the growth of M. gypseum and M. canis at concentrations of 25%, 12.5%, 6.25%, 3.125%, 1.562%, 0.781%, 0.390%, and 0.195%. Microdilution standard method was used to examine the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC). Antifungal potency was assessed based on medium turbidity, compared to itraconazole as a positive control. Results showed that peppermint essential oil at a concentration of 6.25% and 1.562% inhibited the growth of M. gypseum and M. canis, respectively. Therefore, peppermint leaf essential oil can be recommended as a natural antifungal agent against M. gypseum and M. canis.
In vitro evaluation of antioxidant properties of Moringa oleifera, Centella asiatica, and Nigella sativa: individual and combined effects Capritasari, Rafiastiana; Setianto, Arif Budi; Akrom; Rais, Ichwan Ridwan; Anwar, Muslih; Sun, Suny
Pharmaciana Vol. 15 No. 3 (2025): Pharmaciana
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.12928/pharmaciana.v15i3.30597

Abstract

Oxidative stress, a condition linked to various degenerative diseases, occurs when reactive species build up in the body. These harmful molecules often come by environmental factors like air pollution as well as by unhealthy lifestyle habits. Fortunately, nature gives a defense system: plants produce flavonoids and other phenolic substances that act as natural antioxidants, handling to neutralize reactive species and protecting the body by their damaging effects. The objective of the study was to determine the phytochemical content of extracts of M. oleifera leaf, C. asiatica leaf, and N. sativa Oil and their operation as antioxidants. The study applied both qualitative and quantitative phytochemical tests to measure flavonoid levels in the extracts. Bioactive substances were then identified through GC-MS and LC-HRMS, while antioxidant operation was assessed utilizing the DPPH method. The outcomes were drawn that Moringa oleifera and Centella asiatica extracts contained flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, saponins, and steroids, while Nigella sativa oil contained terpenoids. Among the three, LC-HRMS screening drawn that Moringa oleifera extract had the highest diversity of flavonoid substances. The outcomes of GC-MS obtained 13 components identified in Nigella sativa oil, one of that was thymoquinone. The antioxidant operation IC50 scores were as follows: 57.943 ± 3.481 µg/mL (M. oleifera), 66.578 ± 1.979 µg/mL (C. asiatica), 56.174 ± 1.604 µg/mL (N. sativa), and 51.128 ± 1.724 µg/mL (polyherbal combination). All the samples demonstrated strong antioxidant operation, and notably, the combination of extracts proved to be more effective than when each to be utilized individually.
Flavonoid synergy in antioxidant optimization: a study of Apium graveolens and Orthosipon stamineus Astuti, Febriana; Akrom; Setianto, Arif Budi; Hidayati, Titiek; Mustofa; Anwar, Muslih; Sun, Suny
Pharmaciana Vol. 15 No. 3 (2025): Pharmaciana
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.12928/pharmaciana.v15i3.30599

Abstract

Oxidative stress, which arises by an imbalance among the formation of free radicals and the body's antioxidant defenses, is a pivotal factor in the pathogenesis of numerous degenerative abnormalities, comprising cardiovascular abnormality. Flavonoids, that are natural chemicals by antioxidant capabilities, have been identified as potential agents for protection against the adverse impacts of oxidative stress. The objective of this study was to ascertain the flavonoid substance of Apium graveolens and Orthosipon stamineus extracts and their antioxidant activity. The technique comprising qualitative and quantitative phytochemical tests to decide the flavonoid substance of the extracts. In addition, bioactive compounds were screened utilizing LC-HRMS, and antioxidant activity was evaluated utilizing the DPPH technique. The outcomes of this study drawn the presence of flavonoid compounds, alkaloids, tannins, and saponins in the Apium graveolens and Orthosipon stamineus extracts. The Orthosipon stamineus extract was found to contain steroid compounds. The screening of flavonoids compounds utilizing LC-HRMS has drawn the presence of the greatest diversity of flavonoid compounds in the Apium graveolens extract. The antioxidant activity assay employed quercetin as the standard, possessing an IC₅₀ value of 3.95 μg/mL. Apium graveolens extract exhibited an IC₅₀ value of 58.86±0.44μg/mL, Orthosiphon stamineus extract drawn an IC₅₀ value of 61.69±0.21 μg/mL, whereas the combined extract yielded an IC₅₀ value of 46.32±0.34 μg/mL. The outcomes indicate that the extract combination shows superior free radical scavenging ability compared to the individual extracts, suggesting its potential to enhance the antioxidant efficacy of bioactive compounds derived by herbal plants.
The factors related to medication adherence in outpatient hypertension patients at Leuwiliang Hospital, Bogor Regency Nurita Andayani; Luthfiah Ratikasari; Rira Noviarianti; Manninda, Reise; Fauzi, Hamid
Pharmaciana Vol. 15 No. 3 (2025): Pharmaciana
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.12928/pharmaciana.v15i3.30968

Abstract

Hypertension is the leading cause of cardiovascular disease in the world and contributes to 10 million deaths every year. Non-adherence is an important factor in uncontrolled hypertension, thus leading to reasons for non-adherence to treatment or medication. This study aims to identify the factors related to adherence to treatment for outpatients at Leuwiliang Regional Hospital, Bogor Regency. This study used a quantitative descriptive approach with cross-sectional data. The study population consisted of all outpatient hypertension patients at Leuwiliang Regional Hospital in 2023. Sampling used the purposive sampling technique with a sample of 312 patients. Data were analyzed descriptively and analytically with the Spearman-rho correlation test. The results showed that the level of adherence among patients with hypertension was mostly moderate (39.7%). Treatment adherence was related to self-motivation (p-value = 0.000), but the relationship was weak, with a correlation coefficient of r = 0.258. The level of knowledge, family support, and role of health workers did not have a significant relationship to the level of adherence. The correlation value between the level of knowledge and the level of adherence had a negative relationship, although it was not significant. These might be due to knowledge, family support, and the role of health workers might not directly influence the level of compliance but might be supported by other variables such as age, gender, education, patient access to health facilities, patient economic level, length of hypertension, economic profile, and patient hypertension level (length of hypertension), but in this study no relationship analysis was carried out.
Association of residence and regional location with depression prevalence in Indonesia: an analysis of the Indonesian health survey 2023 Rahayu, Fima Perdani; Alvian, Sofa Dewi; Abdulah, Rizky
Pharmaciana Vol. 15 No. 3 (2025): Pharmaciana
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.12928/pharmaciana.v15i3.31112

Abstract

Depression is a mental health condition characterized by persistent sadness, loss of interest in daily activities, and fatigue. It affects an individual’s ability to function and engage in everyday life. In Indonesia, depression is a growing public health concern. Geographic factors, such as residence (urban vs rural) and regional (West, Central, East Indonesia), may influence the prevalence of depression due to variations in social environment, healthcare access, and stress exposure. This study aims to identify factors associated with depression based on residential and regional location, utilizing secondary data from the 2023 Indonesian Health Survey (SKI) with a descriptive research design and cross-sectional method. This study employed a descriptive, cross-sectional design using data from the 2023 Indonesian Health Survey (SKI). The inclusion criteria were individuals aged 18 and above who self-reported depression. Key variables analyzed included gender, age, residence (urban or rural), and regional location in Indonesia. A Chi-square test was applied to examine the association between depression and geographic factors, with a significance level of p < 0.05. A total of 10,504 subjects with self-reported depression were identified, of which 67.76% were female. The analysis showed a higher depression prevalence among urban residents, 60.78% compared to rural areas, 32.23%. Additionally, depression prevalence was higher in Western Indonesia (60.22%) than in Central and Eastern Indonesia. The analysis revealed a significant association between residence, regional area, and depression in Indonesia, with p-values of 0.001 for all three. Therefore, this study concludes that there is a significant association between self-reported depression, residential and regional location, with urban dwellers exhibiting a higher prevalence of depression (p<0.005). These findings highlight the need for enhanced mental health services in urban areas to address the higher depression rates.
Chemical composition and antibacterial properties of Curcuma aeruginosa Roxb. essential oil against acne-related bacteria Mulyaningsih, Sri; Millah, Azzahro Imada; Darmawan, Endang
Pharmaciana Vol. 15 No. 3 (2025): Pharmaciana
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.12928/pharmaciana.v15i3.31183

Abstract

Curcuma aeruginosa Roxb. is used empirically for various treatments, including maintaining healthy skin. However, adequate research is needed before use for medicinal purposes. This study was proposed to determine the chemical content and antibacterial properties of C. aeruginosa against acne-causing bacteria. Water-steam distillation was applied to distill the essential oil. Its organoleptic, yield, and refractive index were also determined. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was performed to identify the chemical compounds. The antibacterial property against acne-causing bacteria was investigated using the diffusion and microbroth dilution methods. The essential oil of C. aeruginosa had a bitter taste, an aromatic odor, and a brownish color with a yield of 0.66% and a refractive index of 1.4921. GC-MS analysis showed 1,8-cineole (30.72%) as the major compound. The inhibition zone diameter varied based on the test bacteria. The 10% essential oil was better at inhibiting Propionibacterium acnes than Staphylococcus aureus or Staphylococcus epidermidis. The MIC and MBC values of the essential oil against P. acnes were the same at 0.07%. The C. aeruginosa essential oil has the potential to be developed into anti-acne preparations.
Ethnopharmacology, LC-MS profiling, and molecular docking of diarrheal-healing plants by the Osing tribe Cendekiawan, Khrisna Agung; Kintoko; Yuliani, Sapto; Wardhani, Firdha Aprillia
Pharmaciana Vol. 15 No. 3 (2025): Pharmaciana
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.12928/pharmaciana.v15i3.31315

Abstract

Indonesia has a long history of using medicinal plants, but much of this knowledge, especially among groups like the Osing people in East Java, is not well-documented. This study looks at the plants used by the Osing community to treat diarrhea. This research was conducted through interviews with residents of Banjar and Licin Villages in Banyuwangi Regency. The significance and perceived efficacy of each medicinal plant were evaluated using the ethnobotanical indices Use Value (UV) and Fidelity Level (FL). They also did tests to find the active chemicals in the plants. The most common plants for treating diarrhea were Psidium guajava (UV = 2.44) and Piper betle (UV = 1.11). Psidium guajava had the highest FL value (64.7%). Tests have shown that these plants contain essential chemicals. Further analysis confirmed the presence of quercetin and kaempferol, which are known to help alleviate stomach problems. To support these findings, computer-based tests were done, including Lipinski rule prediction, ADMET profiling, and molecular docking. The results showed quercetin binds well (ΔG = -9.72) and has a good RMSD value (1.83 Å). This suggests quercetin could be a good starting point for making antidiarrheal drugs. Overall, the study underscores the significance of traditional knowledge and recommends further research on plant-based treatments for stomach issues.
Analysis of bioactive compounds, antioxidant activity, and acute toxicity test of black garlic (Allium sativum L.) Moch. Saiful Bachri; Muhammad Ma'ruf; Hasna Tsamarah; Daru Estiningsih; Prasasti, Dian; Danang Prasetyaning Amukti; Sapto Yuliani; Vivi Sofia
Pharmaciana Vol. 15 No. 3 (2025): Pharmaciana
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.12928/pharmaciana.v15i3.31393

Abstract

Black garlic is obtained through a controlled fermentation process that alters its color, aroma, and flavor while enhancing its concentration of bioactive compounds. This product is rich in phenolics, flavonoids, alkaloids, and organosulfur compounds such as S-allyl cysteine, which are known to exhibit antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties. This study aimed to determine the total alkaloid, flavonoid, and phenolic content, antioxidant activity, and acute toxicity profile of black garlic. Black garlic samples were prepared by fermenting Solo garlic for 12 days at 60–70 °C. Alkaloid content was analyzed spectrophotometrically using Bromocresol Green reagent with quinine as the standard, flavonoid content was determined using quercetin, and total phenolic content was measured using the Folin–Ciocalteu method with gallic acid as the standard. Antioxidant activity was assessed using the DPPH method, while acute toxicity testing was conducted on male BALB/c mice at doses of 500–5.000 mg/kg BW following OECD/GHS guidelines. The results showed that black garlic contained 301.65 ± 3.436 mg QE/kg alkaloids, 2.190 ± 0.051 mg QE/g flavonoids, and 81.976 ± 1.179 mg GAE/g phenolics. Antioxidant activity was categorized as very strong with an IC₅₀ value of 9.94 ± 0.012 ppm, comparable to Vitamin C (9.92 ± 0.005 ppm). Acute toxicity tests revealed no toxic symptoms or mortality up to 5.000 mg/kg BW, classifying black garlic as practically non-toxic. In conclusion, black garlic is rich in bioactive compounds, demonstrates strong antioxidant activity, and is safe for consumption, making it a potential functional food and health supplement.

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