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Jurnal Ilmu Farmasi dan Farmasi Klinik (Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Clinical Pharmacy)
Published by Universitas Wahid Hasyim Semarang
ISSN : 16937899     EISSN : 27163814     DOI : 10.31942
Core Subject : Health,
Medicine & Pharmacology
Selamat datang di situs e-Publikasi Ilmiah Fakultas Farmasi Unwahas (Universitas Wahid Hasyim) Semarang. Situs ini berisi kumpulan publikasi ilmiah yang diterbitkan oleh Fakultas Farmasi Unwahas. Publikasi berasal dari jurnal-jurnal serta hasil prosiding seminar yang dilaksanakan oleh Fakultas Farmasi Unwahas.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 342 Documents
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Acute Toxicity Test of Shallot (Allium cepa L.) Peel Extract on Ovarian Follicles Count in Rats (Rattus norvegicus) Helianti, Dina
Jurnal Ilmu Farmasi dan Farmasi Klinik Vol. 22 No. 2 (2025): Jurnal Ilmu Farmasi dan Farmasi Klinis
Publisher : Universitas Wahid Hasyim Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31942/jiffk.v22i2.11529

Abstract

Shallot skin (Allium cepa L.) is a natural material with potential as a traditional medicine due to its high content of the antioxidant quercetin. However, excessive consumption of shallot skin may cause the antioxidant properties of quercetin to shift to pro-oxidant effects via auto-oxidation and metal-binding reactions. Uncontrolled pro-oxidants induce oxidative stress that damages body cells, including ovarian follicle cells. This acute toxicity study aimed to evaluate the toxic effects of shallot skin extract on the ovary using ovarian follicle count as an indicator. This study employed a true experimental design with a posttest-only control group. The method referred to the OECD 420 guideline (fixed dose procedure) using rats (Rattus norvegicus) as test animals. The results showed no significant difference in the mean follicle counts between the control and treatment groups across all follicle categories: primary follicles (p = 0.278), secondary follicles (p = 0.452), DeGraaf follicles (p = 0.39), corpus luteum (p = 0.752), atretic follicles (p = 1.0), and total follicles (p = 0.60). Thus, follicle counts in all categories did not differ significantly (p>0.05). It can be concluded that shallot skin extract does not exert toxic effects on ovarian follicle numbers in rats.
Network Pharmacology Analysis of Black Turmeric (Curcuma caesia Roxb.) for Diabetic Nephropathy: Exploring Potential Therapeutic Targets 'Aini, Zakiyyah Qurrotul; Farid, Muhammad; Wijayanti, Tri
Jurnal Ilmu Farmasi dan Farmasi Klinik Vol. 22 No. 2 (2025): Jurnal Ilmu Farmasi dan Farmasi Klinis
Publisher : Universitas Wahid Hasyim Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31942/jiffk.v22i2.11617

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is a non-communicable disease with a high prevalence that has the potential to cause chronic complications, such as diabetic nephropathy (ND). Diabetic nephropathy is characterized by microalbuminuria, decreased glomerular filtration rate, and the risk of end-stage renal failure. Conventional treatment with oral hypoglycemic drugs often causes side effects such as hyperkalemia and impaired heart function. This indicates the need for alternative therapies with high effectiveness, low toxicity, and affordable costs. This study explores the potential of black turmeric as a therapeutic agent for diabetic nephropathy through an in-silico approach. The active compounds of black turmeric were analyzed for their pharmacokinetics using SwissADME based on Lipinski's rules. The target proteins of the compounds were obtained through SwissTargetPrediction and compared with ND-encoding proteins from GeneCards using Venny 2.1. Specific proteins were analyzed for protein-protein interactions through STRING and visualized with pharmacological networks using Cytoscape. In-depth analysis was carried out to identify biological pathways through KEGG and molecular activity using WebGestalt. The results showed that black turmeric has 123 specific target proteins for ND, with EGFR and STAT3 as core proteins that play a role in regulating apoptosis, inflammation, and insulin sensitivity. Curcumin showed significant activity on the AGE-RAGE and FoxO pathways, which are relevant for the treatment of ND. This study provides initial insight into the potential of black turmeric as an alternative therapy for diabetic nephropathy
Metabolic Syndrome and Side Effects of Atypical Antipsychotics in Schizophrenia: A Literature Review Nur Permatasari, Andinny; Yulistiani
Jurnal Ilmu Farmasi dan Farmasi Klinik Vol. 22 No. 2 (2025): Jurnal Ilmu Farmasi dan Farmasi Klinis
Publisher : Universitas Wahid Hasyim Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31942/jiffk.v22i2.12452

Abstract

Atypical or second-generation antipsychotics are the most frequently prescribed antipsychotics due to their clinical efficacy and improved safety profile in the treatment of schizophrenia when compared to typical or first-generation antipsychotics. However, atypical antipsychotic drugs are associated with a high prevalence of adverse reactions, as well as side effects of metabolic syndrome. Schizophrenia is a chronic mental illness characterized by positive, negative, and cognitive dysfunctions. The objective of this review is to compare the impacts of atypical medication on MetS in patients with schizophrenia. A comprehensive analysis was conducted, including a literature review of the databases of Google Scholar, PubMed, and ScienceDirect for publications over the past decade. Seven articles were selected and reviewed for analysis. The analysis revealed that the use of atypical antipsychotics was associated with an increased risk of metabolic syndrome, while clozapine, olanzapine, and risperidone were associated with a higher risk of metabolic syndrome compared to other antipsychotics. The study also explores the mechanisms of metabolic syndrome, with a specific focus on the role of antipsychotics in disrupting glucose and lipid metabolism. This comprehensive study offers a nuanced understanding of the adverse effects of antipsychotic medications on the development of metabolic syndrome in individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia. This review revealed that the use of atypical antipsychotics in the treatment of schizophrenia can increase the risk of metabolic syndromes such as weight gain, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and diabetes. The primary limitation of this review is the high heterogeneity among studies, as they employed varying definitions of metabolic syndrome and included diverse sample characteristics.
The Correlation of Age and Comorbid Diseases to the Risk of Renal Impairment in Tuberculosis Patients at the Prof. Dr. H. Aloei Saboe Regional General Hospital, Gorontalo City Fahrian, Ahmad Fahrian Hipmi
Jurnal Ilmu Farmasi dan Farmasi Klinik Vol. 22 No. 2 (2025): Jurnal Ilmu Farmasi dan Farmasi Klinis
Publisher : Universitas Wahid Hasyim Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31942/jiffk.v22i2.12666

Abstract

Tuberculosis (TB) is a major health problem in Indonesia, including Gorontalo City. Anti-tuberculosis drugs (OAT) are the primary therapy in TB treatment, but the use of OAT can trigger various side effects, such as kidney disorders. This study aims to analyze the side effects of renal impairment from OAT use and the relationship with age and comorbid diseases in TB patients at Prof. Dr. H. Aloei Saboe Hospital. The study employed an analytical observational  approach with a retrospective design, utilizing medical record data collected from 2022 to 2024. Correlation analysis was conducted using the chi-square test . The results showed that the majority were male as many as 251 people (60.77%), the majority of the age group was 55-64 years old, as many as 98 people (23.73%) and most received OAT category 1 treatment for new cases as many as 398 people (96.37%). Diabetes mellitus (DM) comorbidity with 101 patients (24.45%), hypertension comorbidity with 55 patients (13.31%), and renal impairment side effects experienced by 45 patients (10.90%). The correlation between age and renal impairment was significant, at the age of 15-24 years (OR: 0.28; 95% CI: 0.08 - 0.94; p = 0.04), age 45-54 years (OR: 2.12; 95% CI: 1.08-4.16; p = 0.04), and age 35-44 years (OR: 0.13; 95% CI: 0.01-0.97; p = 0.03). The comorbid DM (OR: 2.54; 95% CI: 1.34-4.83; p = 0.00) and hypertension (OR: 2.58; 95% CI: 1.36-4.89; p = 0.00) with renal impairment was significant. In conclusion, age and comorbidities play an important role in determining the adverse effects of renal impairment in TB patients.
Association of Antibiotic Rationality with Clinical Outcomes in Diabetic Foot Ulcer Patients in a Hospital in Badung, Bali Pratama, I Putu Yuda
Jurnal Ilmu Farmasi dan Farmasi Klinik Vol. 22 No. 2 (2025): Jurnal Ilmu Farmasi dan Farmasi Klinis
Publisher : Universitas Wahid Hasyim Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31942/jiffk.v22i2.12687

Abstract

Type II Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) patients are at high risk of systemic infections, such as Diabetic Foot Ulcer (DFU). The rationality of antibiotic use in Indonesia has not yet reached 100%, which negatively impacts clinical outcomes. This study aims to analyze the relationship between the rationality of antibiotic use and clinical outcomes in T2DM patients with DFU at Badung Bali Hospital from July to September 2024. The study design was cross-sectional, involving 153 respondents with inclusion criteria (patients diagnosed with T2DM with DFU {January 2023-July 2024}, received antidiabetics and antibiotics) and exclusion (received antibiotics <24 hours {outpatient}, <72 hours {inpatient}, moved to another health facility). The rationality of antibiotic use was assessed using the Gyssens method supplemented by the latest therapeutic guidelines, and then the percentage was calculated. The analysis of the relationship between rationality and clinical outcomes was tested using Kendall's Tau-b. The results of the Gyssens evaluation showed that 96.92% and 98.13% were irrational in the outpatient and inpatient settings, respectively. Clinical outcomes were improved by more than 60%. There was a significant relationship (p = 0.009; r = -0.290) in inpatients, but not in outpatients (p = 0.493; r = -0.065). The low rationality of antibiotic use in this finding can serve as a basis for practitioners to evaluate and prevent resistance and worsening conditions.
Enhancing Solubility and Dissolution of Caffeine Through Solid Dispersions with Polyvinylpyrrolidone K-30: A Comparative Study of Drug-to-Polymer Ratios Indra, Indra; Andrianto, Rian; Aryani, Ratih
Jurnal Ilmu Farmasi dan Farmasi Klinik Vol. 22 No. 2 (2025): Jurnal Ilmu Farmasi dan Farmasi Klinis
Publisher : Universitas Wahid Hasyim Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31942/jiffk.v22i2.12695

Abstract

Despite its inherently high aqueous solubility, caffeine demonstrates inconsistent oral bioavailability due to formulation and processing-related limitations. This study aimed to improve the solubility and dissolution rate of caffeine by formulating solid dispersions using polyvinylpyrrolidone K-30 (PVP K-30) via the solvent evaporation method. Solid dispersions were prepared at drug-to-polymer ratios of 1:1, 1:2, and 2:1, and characterized using hot-stage microscopy (HSM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) analysis. Solubility and dissolution testing were conducted in phosphate buffer (pH 6.8). The results showed that the 1:2 ratio formulation yielded the most significant improvement, with solubility reaching 22.3 mg/mL and a dissolution rate of 97.6% within 30 minutes, representing a substantial enhancement compared to pure caffeine. FTIR and DSC indicated the presence of hydrogen bonding and the absence of caffeine melting peak, while PXRD confirmed amorphization. These findings suggest that solid dispersion with PVP K-30 is a viable strategy for overcoming the bioavailability challenges of caffeine and similar compounds, warranting further investigation into in vivo performance and long-term stability.
In Silico Molecular Docking Study of Tulsi (Ocimum sanctum L.) Compounds to VEGFR2 (2XIR) as Potential Liver Cancer Angiogenesis Inhibitors Rahmadi, Muhammad Zaki Ammar; Kaerani Tri Lestari; Mutia Adfi Pratiwi; Nadya Miranda Atiek; Fadhilla Asara; Naura Nurnahari; Winni Nur Auli
Jurnal Ilmu Farmasi dan Farmasi Klinik Vol. 22 No. 2 (2025): Jurnal Ilmu Farmasi dan Farmasi Klinis
Publisher : Universitas Wahid Hasyim Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31942/jiffk.v22i2.12990

Abstract

Liver cancer development is highly dependent on angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels that supply nutrients and oxygen to cancer cells, facilitating tumor growth and metastasis. Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor 2 (VEGFR2), a receptor tyrosine kinase, represents a promising anti-angiogenesis therapeutic target. Bioactive compounds from tulsi (Ocimum sanctum L.) possess potential anticancer properties, but their specific mechanisms against VEGFR2 in liver cancer require investigation. This study evaluated the interaction potential of tulsi bioactive compounds against VEGFR2 protein structure (PDB ID: 2XIR) through in silico molecular docking analysis. Drug-likeness evaluation was conducted based on Lipinski's rule of five and ADMET profiling. Molecular docking analysis revealed comparative binding performance between two tulsi compounds against VEGFR2. Cirsimaritin demonstrated significant inhibition potential with free binding energy (∆G) of -9.06 kcal/mol, inhibition constant (Ki) of 226.95 μM, and stabilizing interactions with residues PHE1047, VAL848, LEU840, and CYS1045. The native ligand exhibited superior binding affinity with ∆G of -12.68 kcal/mol and Ki of 508.94 pM, indicating greater therapeutic potential for anti-angiogenic liver cancer treatment. Overall, this study is useful for the development of the potential of tulsi bioactive compounds as angiogenesis inhibitors and alternative natural ingredient-based therapies for liver cancer. Further in vitro and in vivo studies are needed to validate the anticancer activity and mechanism of angiogenesis inhibition by these compounds.
Effects of Atorvastatin on Lipid Profiles and CETP (Cholesteryl Ester Transfer Protein) Levels in Pediatric Patients with Refractory Nephrotic Syndrome Pondawinata, Marizki; Yulistiani; Asmaningsih, Ninik
Jurnal Ilmu Farmasi dan Farmasi Klinik Vol. 22 No. 2 (2025): Jurnal Ilmu Farmasi dan Farmasi Klinis
Publisher : Universitas Wahid Hasyim Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31942/jiffk.v22i2.13734

Abstract

Atorvastatin is one of the statin groups indicated for curing and healing in pediatric with hyperlipidemia because it has high potential and safe with  less drug side effects. Several studies have reported the impact of atorvastatin on CETP levels, however the findings remain inconclusive. This study aimed to assess the effect of atorvastatin on lipid profiles and CETP levels in pediatrics patients with refractory nephrotic syndrome and hyperlipidemia. A double-blind, randomized clinical trial (RCT) using pre- and post- test design was conducted over for 4 weeks, involving the treatment group (atorvastatin) and the control group (placebo). The research took place at the pediatric nephrology outpatient clinic of Dr. Soetomo Hospital from December 2019 to March 2020. Baseline assessments at week 0 included measurements of total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, TG, CETP, and other laboratory parameters. Follow-up testing was performed after 4 weeks. The difference in average total cholesterol and LDL at week 0 and week 4 in the control group and the treatment group was significant (p <0.05). Giving atorvastatin reduced total cholesterol (29.2%), LDL cholesterol (30.8%), TG level (7.5%), and did not yet have an increase in HDL cholesterol levels. The mean CETP level in the treatment group were not significant differences despite a decrease in CETP level of 8%. Patients giving atorvastatin showed a relationship between changes in CETP level with LDL level and total cholesterol. These findings suggest that atorvastatin significantly lowers total cholesterol, LDL, and CETP levels in pediatric refractory nephrotic syndrome with hyperlipidemia.
Perceptions Aganist Disease And Medicine Consumption Adherence Of Stroke Patients At X Hospital In Central Java Wibowo, Sulistiyanto
Jurnal Ilmu Farmasi dan Farmasi Klinik Vol. 22 No. 2 (2025): Jurnal Ilmu Farmasi dan Farmasi Klinis
Publisher : Universitas Wahid Hasyim Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31942/jiffk.v22i2.14062

Abstract

The increasing prevalence of stroke needs attention. Medication adherence and disease perception play an important role in stroke treatment. The research aimed to provide an overview of disease perception and medication adherence in stroke patients at Hospital X, Central Java Province. Quantitative research was conducted using cross-sectional. The study population was JKN stroke patients who received treatment during the study period. The sample used must meet the inclusion criteria such as being ≥18 years old, being willing to be a research subject, and having been diagnosed with stroke within 3 months. Adherence to medication using the Morisky Medication Adherence Scale questionnaire and understanding perceptions of illness using the Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire. Based on research data, the average respondent had experienced a stroke for 2.62 years with a history of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, cholesterol, heart disease, and gout. Perception of illness with a total score of 57.59 (> 40) which means the respondent has a positive perception. A total of 31 respondents had a high level of compliance, 45 respondents had a medium level of compliance, and 24 respondents had a low level of compliance. The research conclusion shows that the majority of patients have a good perception of the disease by carrying out pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment such as adopting a healthy diet and living pattern, and regular exercise. Non-compliance with taking medication is caused by forgetting to take medication, stopping taking medication when side effects appear or feeling better, forgetting to bring medication when traveling, and still having difficulty remembering to use medication.
Antihyperuricemic Activity of n-Hexane, Ethyl Acetate, and Aqueous Fractions of Ethanol Extract of Chromolaena odorata Leaves in Mice: In Vivo Study Aisyiah, Aisyiah
Jurnal Ilmu Farmasi dan Farmasi Klinik Vol. 22 No. 2 (2025): Jurnal Ilmu Farmasi dan Farmasi Klinis
Publisher : Universitas Wahid Hasyim Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31942/jiffk.v22i2.14170

Abstract

Hyperuricemia is a metabolic disorder characterised by elevated uric acid levels in the blood, which may lead to complications such as gout, arthritis, kidney stones, and renal failure. In recent years, medicinal plants have gained increasing attention as alternative therapies for hyperuricemia. Chromolaena odorata, commonly known as kirinyuh, is one such plant suspected to have antihyperuricemic properties. This study aimed to evaluate the antihyperuricemic activity of the n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and aqueous fractions of C. odorata leaf ethanol extract in male Swiss Webster mice induced with chicken liver juice. The extract was obtained by maceration using 96% ethanol and subsequently fractionated using solvents with different polarities. The experiment employed a pretest-posttest control group design, involving 12 groups: a normal control, a negative control (0.5% Na-CMC), a positive control (allopurinol at 13 mg/kg body weight), and nine treatment groups that received each fraction at doses of 20, 40, and 80 mg/kg body weight. Uric acid levels were measured at three intervals: baseline (day 0), post-induction (day 7), and after treatment (day 14), using the Easy Touch GCU Multi-Function Monitoring System. The results demonstrated that all three fractions reduced uric acid levels, with the ethyl acetate fraction at 80 mg/kg body weight (BW) showing the most significant effect, achieving a 21.34% reduction. These findings suggest that Chromolaena odorata leaves, especially the ethyl acetate fraction, possess promising antihyperuricemic potential and could serve as a natural alternative for managing hyperuricemia.

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