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INDONESIA
JURNAL MAGISTER HUKUM UDAYANA
Published by Universitas Udayana
ISSN : 25023101     EISSN : 2302528X     DOI : -
Core Subject : Social,
Jurnal Magister Hukum Udayana adalah jurnal ilmiah hukum yang mempublikasikan hasil kajian bidang hukum yang diterbitkan secara online empat kali setahun (Februari-Mei-Agustus-Nopember). Redaksi menerima tulisan yang berupa hasil kajian yang berasal dari penelitian hukum dalam berbagai bidang ilmu hukum yang belum pernah dipublikasikan serta orisinal. Jurnal ini selain memuat tulisan / kajian dari para pakar ilmu hukum (dosen, guru besar, praktisi dan lain-lain.) juga memuat tulisan mahasiswa Magister Ilmu Hukum baik yang merupakan bagian dari penulisan tesis maupun kajian lainnya yang orisinal. Tulisan yang masuk ke Redaksi akan diseleksi dan direview untuk dapat dimuat
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 664 Documents
Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Kawasan Suci Pura yang Menjadi Tempat Destinasi Pariwisata di Bali Shin Dong Min; Ketut Sukawati Lanang P. Perbawa
Jurnal Magister Hukum Udayana (Udayana Master Law Journal) Vol 13 No 2 (2024)
Publisher : University of Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/JMHU.2024.v13.i02.p15.

Abstract

Perlindungan hukum terhadap kawasan suci pura yang menjadi tempat destinasi pariwisata di bali. Perkembangan pariwisata pasca Covid-19 sangat berdampak terhadap pertumbuhan perekonomian masyarakat dengan sebagaian besar pada sektor pariwisata. Perkemabangan pariwisata yang signifikan membutuhkan sarana dan prasarana penunjang pariwisata, namun perjalannya banyak terjadinya pelanggaran yang dilakukan oleh pelaku pariwisata terhadap kawasan suci pura terhadap radius, dan mengganggu kesucian pura. Selain pelanggaran yang dilakukan oleh pelaku pariwisata, wisatawan yang berkunjung sering melakukan pelanggaran pada kawasan suci pura. Hal ini lah yang menjadi kajian utama untuk perlunya perlindungan hukum terhadap kawasan suci pura, untuk mencegah pelanggaran, memberikan sanksi terhadap pelaku pelanggaran dan menjaga nilai relegius magis, serta menjaga kesakralan dari kawasan suci pura sebagai tempat persembahyangan agama hindu. Hal ini dilakukan agar pelaku pariwisata senantiasa berpedoman pada filosofi tri hita karana di dalam pengembangan sarana prasana pendukung pariwisata.
Handling of Illegal Fishing Based on Legal Perspectives in Indonesia Fauziyah Fauziyah; Fitriana Dina Rizkina; Ahmad Rihnu Erzal Wahyudi
Jurnal Magister Hukum Udayana (Udayana Master Law Journal) Vol 13 No 3 (2024)
Publisher : University of Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/JMHU.2024.v13.i03.p13

Abstract

Indonesia becomes the source of illegal, unreported, unregulated fishing (IUUF) since it is a maritime nation with an estimated 9.9 million tons of fish resources per year. Indonesia forbids IUUF because it violates requirements of the Indonesian Law Number 45 of 2009, the Indonesian Law Number 32 of 2014, and the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea. Sectoral egos amongst domestic institutions, however, are currently impeding the exchange of data and information concerning IUUF, which is hindering the overcoming of IUUF. Thus, the Control Center of Task Force 115, which has the responsibility for organizing interoperability, can be used to build a solution for data and information exchange by creating a platform that can integrate various domestic institutions' facilities into a single data and information center. Then, through the reconstruction of Ministerial Regulation Number 37/PERMEN-KP/2017, the execution of interoperability is described in a regulation. This solution must be implemented to avoid duplication of authority among domestic institutions and the inefficiency of Task Force 115's Control Center's role as the coordinator of the exchange of surveillance data or information about IUUF actors who will or have entered the Indonesian Sea.
Peran Lembaga Manajemen Kolektif Nasional dalam Upaya Pengelolaan Royalti terhadap Pencipta Lagu dan Musik Daerah Usfunan, Jimmy Zeravianus; Pramana Putra, Made Aditya; Apryani, Ni Wayan Ella
Jurnal Magister Hukum Udayana (Udayana Master Law Journal) Vol 13 No 3 (2024)
Publisher : University of Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/JMHU.2024.v13.i03.p05

Abstract

The importance of this research is to ensure legal certainty of the economic rights that should be obtained by copyright owners, especially in this research, the owners of copyright or related rights in copyrighted works of music and regional songs. Article 8 of Law Number 28 of 2014 concerning Copyright regulates that the creator or copyright holder has the exclusive right to obtain economic benefits from his creation. The procedures for managing song and/or music copyright royalties have also been regulated by Government Regulation Number 56 of 2021 (hereinafter referred to as PP 56/2021), however the management of these royalties is still experiencing problems both in withdrawal and distribution due to the lack of regulation regarding this matter in PP 56/2021. Institutional problems also arise considering that the lines of coordination between the government, in this case the Ministry of Law and Human Rights, LMKN and LMK are not clearly regulated in PP 56/2021. Moreover, if you look at music creations and/or areas that have not been touched by the legal policies in PP 56/2021. The research method used is a normative legal research method because it will examine legal problems/issues that occur in legal norms contained in Government Regulation Number 56 of 2021 concerning Management of Song and/or Music Copyright Royalties, with a statutory approach (statute approach). ), legal concept analysis approach (analytical conceptual approach), and case approach. The analysis techniques used are description techniques, evaluation techniques and argumentation techniques. Seeing the existing problems, through this research it is hoped that we can provide a solution or alternative to resolve these problems so that copyright owners get economic rights from their copyrighted works fairly, both copyright owners who are known nationally and copyright owners who are located in the regions. Abstrak Pentingnya penelitian ini adalah untuk menjamin kepastian hukum dari hak ekonomi yang seharusnya di dapat oleh para pemilik hak cipta, khususnya dalam penelitian ini adalah pemilik hak cipta atau hak terkait dari karya cipta musik dan lagu daerah. Pasal 8 Undang-Undang Nomor 28 Tahun 2014 tentang Hak Cipta mengatur bahwa pencipta atau pemegang hak cipta memiliki hak eksklusif untuk mendapatkan manfaat ekonomi atas ciptaannya. Tata cara pengelolaan royalti hak cipta lagu dan/atau musik telah diatur juga oleh Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 56 Tahun 2021 (selanjutnya disebut PP 56/2021), namun demikian pengelolaan royalti ini masih mengalami permasalahan baik dalam penarikan maupun pendistribusian karena minimnya pengaturan tentang hal tersebut pada PP 56/2021. Masalah kelembagaan juga muncul mengingat garis koordinasi antara pemerintah dalam hal ini Kementerian Hukum dan HAM dengan LMKN serta LMK tidak diatur secara jelas dalam PP 56/2021. Terlebih lagi jika melihat pada karya cipta musik dan/atau lagi daerah yang belum tersentuh kebijakan-kebijakan hukum yang ada pada PP 56/2021. Metode Penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode penelitan hukum normatif sebab akan mengkaji permasalahan/isu hukum yang terjadi pada norma hukum yang terdapat dalam Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 56 Tahun 2021 tentang Pengelolaan Royalti Hak Cipta Lagu dan/atau Musik, dengan jenis pendekatan perundang-undangan (statute appproach), pendekatan analisis konsep hukum (analitical conseptual approach), dan pendekatan kasus (case approach). Adapun teknik analisis yang digunakan adalah teknik deskripsi, teknik evaluasi dan teknik argumentasi. Melihat permasalahan yang ada maka melalui penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan solusi atau alternatif untuk menyelesaikan permasalahan tersebut sehingga para pemilik hak cipta mendapatkan hak ekonomi dari karya ciptanya secara adil, baik pemilik hak cipta yang dikenal di kalangan nasional maupun pemilik hak cipta yang berada di daerah.
Kepatuhan Hukum Indonesia terhadap Pelaksanaan Chemical Weapons Convention dalam Memitigasi Ancaman Terorisme Berbasis Senjata Kimia Jaka Triyana, Heribertus; Prasetiyo, Putri Widhyastiti
Jurnal Magister Hukum Udayana (Udayana Master Law Journal) Vol 13 No 3 (2024)
Publisher : University of Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/JMHU.2024.v13.i03.p09

Abstract

This research aims to critically examine the institutionalization of the Chemical Weapons Convention (the Convention) particularly for its effective implementation, coordination, and procedure among institutions since Indonesia ratified in 1998. It has significance since Indonesia is very prone to imminent threats of chemical terrorism attacks due to its geographical features, openness of information technology, and religious sentiments. This research is conducted by normative legal research revealing secondary data on who have authorities and how they carry out legal obligations determined by the Convention in Indonesia in terms of institutionalization, coordination, preventive procedures, and punishment. In this regard, clarity and robust institutionalization as mandated by the Convention are two determining elements perceived as peremptory norms that should be observed. It reveals that national institutionalization needs to be improved by increasing public participation in order to know who are the leading ministries and institutions to detect, protect and anticipate chemical terrorism in Indonesia as well as legitimate aims, authorities, and allocation of available resources. At the same time, the public shall be disseminated by relevant information regarding policies, programs, and actions on how they react to chemical terrorism threats in order to mitigate risks and lack of resources once they deal with such imminent threats.
Kelahiran Hak Kebendaan pada Jaminan Fidusia Supianto, Supianto; Rumawi, Rumawi; Tri Budiman, Nanang
Jurnal Magister Hukum Udayana (Udayana Master Law Journal) Vol 13 No 3 (2024)
Publisher : University of Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/JMHU.2024.v13.i03.p01

Abstract

The guarantee right owned by the creditor is a material right, which was born not from an obligatoir agreement as contained in Book III of the Civil Code, but born from a material agreement. This study aims to find out what are the characteristics and when material rights in fiduciary guarantees arise or arise as a right that has various privileges. This study uses a normative juridical method with a statutory and conceptual approach. The results of the study show that material rights (zakelijk recht) are rights that give direct power to an object. Material rights that provide guarantees have certain characteristics or characteristics as stated in the Civil Code, including being absolute, which means they can be defended by everyone, being droit de suit, meaning the right to continue to follow the object in the hands of whoever the object is, and being droit de preference, meaning having priority position in paying off receivables. In fiduciary guarantees, the registration stage plays a very important role in the process of giving birth to material rights because the birth of fiduciary guarantees coincides with the recording of fiduciary guarantees in the fiduciary register book. Registration of fiduciary guarantees is intended to strengthen legal certainty and the birth of material rights.
Narapidana Narkotika Lanjut Usia: Sebuah Model Pembinaaan Lembaga Pemasyarakatan Khusus Narkotika Hamja Hamja
Jurnal Magister Hukum Udayana (Udayana Master Law Journal) Vol 13 No 3 (2024)
Publisher : University of Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/JMHU.2024.v13.i03.p14.

Abstract

The increasing population of elderly narcotics inmates in correctional institutions has given rise to important discourse to ensure the fulfillment of needs to support the process of improving behavior in correctional institutions. The Cirebon Class II A Special Narcotics Correctional Institution has implemented a number of behavior improvement and rehabilitation programs for the elderly which have had good success. This research uses a qualitative approach with data collection techniques in the form of interviews and observations. From this research it is known that the rehabilitation activities for elderly narcotics prisoners at the Class II A Cirebon Special Narcotics Correctional Institution are divided into two groups of activities, namely personality development and independence. By implementing these two programs, plus strong collaboration with P2HAM, the Cirebon Class II A Special Narcotics Correctional Institution is able to encourage successful rehabilitation of narcotics prisoners, especially the elderly group, so that it can be used as a model for other correctional institutions. Meningkatnya populasi narapidana narkotika lansia di dalam lembaga pemasyarakatan memunculkan wacana penting untuk memastikan pemenuhan kebutuhan dalam mendukung proses perbaikan perilaku di lembaga pemasyarakatan. Lembaga Pemasyarakatan Khusus Narkotika Kelas II A Cirebon mengimplementasikan sejumlah program perbaikan perilaku dan rehabilitas bagi lansia yang memiliki keberhasilan yang baik. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data berupa wawancara dan observasi. Dari penelitian ini diketahui bahwa kegiatan rehabilitas narapidana narkotika lansia di Lembaga Pemasyarakatan Khusus Narkotika Kelas II A Cirebon dibagi menjadi dua kelompok kegiatan yakni pembinaan kepribadian dan kemandirian. Dengan mengimplementasikan kedua program terebut, ditambah kolaborasi yang kuat bersama P2HAM, Lembaga Pemasyarakatan Khusus Narkotika Kelas II A Cirebon mampu mendorong keberhasilan rehabilitasi narapidana narkotika, khususnya pada kelompok lansia, sehingga dapat dijadikan sebagai percontohan bagi lembaga pemasyarakatan lainnya.
Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Narasumber Terkait Konten Berita yang Memuat Informasi Dugaan Tindakan Melawan Hukum Wesnala, I Made Andika; Budiana, I Nyoman
Jurnal Magister Hukum Udayana (Udayana Master Law Journal) Vol 13 No 3 (2024)
Publisher : University of Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/JMHU.2024.v13.i0 3.p06

Abstract

The aim of this research was to analyze the legal protection of sources regarding news content that contains information about alleged unlawful acts. The research method used is a normative research method. The results of the research show that legal protection and the urgency related to ensuring legal protection for sources for information containing alleged unlawful acts are provided and ensured as part of the right or freedom of opinion and freedom of the press so that no one can make efforts to limit or prevent a source. who sees, hears and/or knows important information related to an event that contains information about alleged unlawful acts. Furthermore, based on this, the procedure that can be carried out to anticipate acts of spreading false news or containing elements of pollution can be carried out by reporting to the press council through a request for examination of journalistic works or activities that are suspected of violating the provisions governing the press and/or the Journalistic Code of Ethics.
Pengaturan Transaksi Cryptocurrency di Indonesia sebagai Inovasi Perdagangan Masa Kini Putu Eggy Damaika Agasi; Ni Nengah Adiryaryani
Jurnal Magister Hukum Udayana (Udayana Master Law Journal) Vol 13 No 3 (2024)
Publisher : University of Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/JMHU.2024.v13.i03.p10.

Abstract

This research examines the impact of blockchain technology on the legal industry with a focus on the regulation and validity of cryptocurrency transactions in Indonesia. Using a normative legal approach, this study analyzes in depth the legal provisions related to cryptocurrency as a commodity, as well as the validity of cryptocurrency transactions. The results show that cryptocurrency in Indonesia is treated as a commodity in accordance with Regulation No. 5 of 2019 from BAPPEBTI, and electronic transactions are regulated by Law Number 19 of 2016 concerning Information and Electronic Transactions. The validity of cryptocurrency transactions is based on subjective requirements (agreement between parties) and objective requirements (legality and validity conditions of the agreement) regulated in Article 1320 of the Civil Code. In this context, cryptocurrency is recognized as property under the Indonesian Civil Code, as it meets the criteria of transferable assets and has economic value. This research provides profound insights into the legal regulation of cryptocurrency in Indonesia and the importance of transaction validity in the context of civil law. Penelitian ini mengulas dampak teknologi blockchain terhadap industri hukum dengan fokus pada pengaturan dan keabsahan transaksi jual beli cryptocurrency di Indonesia. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan hukum normatif, penelitian ini menganalisis secara mendalam ketentuan hukum yang berkaitan dengan cryptocurrency sebagai komoditas, serta keabsahan transaksi jual beli cryptocurrency. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa cryptocurrency di Indonesia diperlakukan sebagai komoditas sesuai dengan Peraturan BAPPEBTI No. 5 Tahun 2019, dan transaksi elektronik diatur oleh Undang-Undang Nomor 1 tahun 2024 tentang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik. Keabsahan transaksi jual beli cryptocurrency didasarkan pada persyaratan subjektif (kesepakatan antara pihak) dan obyektif (halal dan syarat sahnya perjanjian) yang diatur dalam Pasal 1320 KUHPer. Dalam konteks ini, cryptocurrency diakui sebagai properti berdasarkan KUH Perdata Indonesia, karena memenuhi kriteria benda yang dapat dipindahtangankan dan memiliki nilai ekonomi. Penelitian ini memberikan wawasan yang mendalam tentang pengaturan hukum cryptocurrency di Indonesia serta pentingnya keabsahan transaksi dalam konteks hukum perdata.
Kedudukan Hukum Otonom Perusahaan Pada Model Hubungan Industrial Kontraktualis: Perspektif Undang-Undang Cipta Kerja Sudiarawan, Kadek Agus; Martana, Putu Ade Harriestha; Shara, Made Cinthya Puspita; Dananjaya, Nyoman Satyayudha; Indah Pradnyani Putri, Ni Luh Gede
Jurnal Magister Hukum Udayana (Udayana Master Law Journal) Vol 13 No 3 (2024)
Publisher : University of Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/JMHU.2024.v13.i03.p02

Abstract

The aims of this study are to determine the shift of the corporatist industrial relations model (Employment Law) towards contractualist industrial relations (Job Creation Law) which affects the position of the parties in an employment relationship, and to find out more about the autonomous legal position of the company (Work Agreement, Company Regulation, Joint Work Agreement) in the contractualist industrial relations model from the perspective of the Job Creation Law. The method applied in this study is combined legal research method between normative and empirical. The application of this method is an approach to strengthen the data in the writing, in addition to examining legal norms, field research is also conducted. The result of this study finds that the enactment of the Job Creation Law has shifted the corporatist industrial relations model, which offers space for the state to enter into industrial relations, towards a contractualist industrial relations model that is based on the agreement between the parties and restricts the role of the state in industrial relations. In the contractualist industrial relations model, the parties are given an open space to determine the work arrangement. Under these conditions, the preparation of autonomous laws, namely Work Agreements, Company Regulations, and/or Collective Labor Agreements (CLAs) is crucial in preventing disputes in industrial relations. Abstrak Tujuan dalam penulisan ini adalah untuk mengetahui pergeseran model hubungan industrial koorporatis (UU Ketenagakerjaan) kearah hubungan industrial kontraktualis (UU Cipta Kerja) berpengaruh terhadap penempatan kedudukan para pihak dalam suatu hubungan kerja, serta untuk mengetahui lebih lanjut terkait kedudukan hukum otonom perusahaan (Perjanjian Kerja, Peraturan Perusahaan, Perjanjian Kerja Bersama) pada model hubungan industrial kontraktualis perspektif UU Cipta Kerja. Metode yang digunakan dalam penulisan ini menggunakan metode penelitian hukum gabungan antara normatif dan empiris. Penggunaan metode tersebut sebagai upaya dalam memperkuat data pada penulisan, disamping mengkaji atas norma hukum juga melakukan penelitian lapangan. Hasil dalam penulisan ini mendapatkan pemahaman bahwa berlakunya UU Cipta Kerja, telah menggeser model hubungan industrial korporatis yang memberi ruang terhadap peran negara untuk masuk dalam hubungan industrial, ke arah model hubungan industrial kontraktualis yang mendasarkan pada kesepakatan para pihak dan merestriksi peran negara dalam bingkai hubungan industrial. Pada model hubungan industrial kontraktualis para pihak diberikan ruang terbuka untuk menentukan kesepakatan kerja. Dalam kondisi seperti ini, penyusunan hukum otonom yaitu Perjanjian Kerja, Peraturan Perusahaan, dan/atau Perjanjian Kerja Bersama (PKB) memegang peranan penting dalam pencegahan terjadinya perselisihan dalam suatu hubungan industrial.
Deepfake Pornography: How Criminal Liability of Perpetrators in the Indonesian Criminal Law Framework Fuadi Isnawan
Jurnal Magister Hukum Udayana (Udayana Master Law Journal) Vol 13 No 3 (2024)
Publisher : University of Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/JMHU.2024.v13.i03.p15.

Abstract

his study explores the issue of criminal liability for the distribution of deepfake pornography in Indonesia, an emerging form of cybercrime that leverages artificial intelligence (AI) technologies, particularly Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs), to create nonconsensual hyper-realistic sexual content. The research highlights the legal, social, and ethical implications of deepfake pornography, which disproportionately targets women and perpetuates gender-based violence. Despite the growing prevalence of such content, Indonesian legal frameworks currently provide limited protection for victims of deepfake pornography. This normative legal research examines the applicability of two primary legislative tools: The Information and Electronic Transactions Act (ITE Law), Law Number 27 2022 (PDP Law) and the Pornography Law. The ITE Law, while not explicitly mentioning pornography, addresses content that violates decency, including deepfake pornography. In PDP Law which offer crucial legal protections against the unlawful processing of personal data, including the manipulation of individuals’ likenesses in deepfake content. Article 66 outlines the legal recourse available for victims whose personal data, such as their image, has been altered or disseminated without consent. Meanwhile, Article 68 establishes penalties for violations of data processing, further strengthening criminal accountability in cases involving deepfake pornography. The Pornography Law specifically prohibits the creation and dissemination of nonconsensual pornographic material, covering digitally manipulated content. The findings underscore the importance of mens rea (intent) and actus reus (criminal actions) in establishing criminal liability for deepfake pornography perpetrators under Indonesian law. In conclusion, the research calls for more comprehensive legal reforms to better protect victims of this evolving cybercrime, emphasizing the need to adapt to technological advancements while upholding privacy and dignity. elitian ini mengeksplorasi isu pertanggungjawaban pidana atas distribusi pornografi deepfake di Indonesia, sebuah bentuk kejahatan siber yang sedang berkembang yang memanfaatkan teknologi kecerdasan buatan (artificial intelligence/AI), khususnya Generative Adversarial Networks (GAN), untuk membuat konten seksual hiper-realistis yang tidak konsensual. Penelitian ini menyoroti implikasi hukum, sosial, dan etika dari pornografi deepfake, yang secara tidak proporsional menargetkan perempuan dan melanggengkan kekerasan berbasis gender. Terlepas dari meningkatnya prevalensi konten semacam itu, kerangka hukum Indonesia saat ini hanya memberikan perlindungan yang terbatas bagi para korban pornografi deepfake. Penelitian hukum normatif ini mengkaji penerapan dua perangkat legislatif utama: Undang-Undang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik (UU ITE), Undang-Undang Nomor 27 Tahun 2022 (UU PDP), dan Undang-Undang Pornografi. UU ITE, meskipun tidak secara eksplisit menyebutkan pornografi, membahas konten yang melanggar kesusilaan, termasuk pornografi deepfake. Dalam UU PDP yang menawarkan perlindungan hukum yang penting terhadap pemrosesan data pribadi yang melanggar hukum, termasuk manipulasi kemiripan individu dalam konten deepfake. Pasal 66 menguraikan jalur hukum yang tersedia bagi para korban yang data pribadinya, seperti gambarnya, telah diubah atau disebarkan tanpa persetujuan. Sementara itu, Pasal 68 menetapkan hukuman untuk pelanggaran pengolahan data, yang semakin memperkuat akuntabilitas pidana dalam kasus-kasus yang melibatkan pornografi deepfake. UU Pornografi secara khusus melarang pembuatan dan penyebaran materi pornografi yang tidak sesuai dengan persetujuan, termasuk konten yang dimanipulasi secara digital. Temuan ini menggarisbawahi pentingnya mens rea (niat) dan actus reus (tindakan kriminal) dalam menetapkan pertanggungjawaban pidana bagi pelaku pornografi deepfake di bawah hukum Indonesia. Sebagai kesimpulan, penelitian ini menyerukan reformasi hukum yang lebih komprehensif untuk melindungi korban kejahatan siber yang terus berkembang ini, dengan menekankan perlunya beradaptasi dengan kemajuan teknologi dengan tetap menjunjung tinggi privasi dan martabat.