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INDONESIA
Science and Technology Indonesia
Published by Universitas Sriwijaya
ISSN : 25804405     EISSN : 25804391     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science, Social, Engineering,
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Environmental Science Materials Science & Nanotechnology Physics
An international Peer-review journal in the field of science and technology published by The Indonesian Science and Technology Society. Science and Technology Indonesia is a member of Crossref with DOI prefix number: 10.26554/sti. Science and Technology Indonesia publishes quarterly (January, April, July, October). Science and Technology Indonesia is an international scholarly journal on the field of science and technology aimed to publish a high-quality scientific paper including original research papers, reviews, short communication, and technical notes. This journal welcomes the submission of articles that covers a typical subject of natural science and technology such as: > Chemistry > Biology > Physics > Marine Science > Pharmacy > Chemical Engineering > Environmental Science and Engineering > Computational Engineering > Biotechnology Journal Commencement: October 2016
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 551 Documents
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Delta Degree-Based Indices of Prime Coprime Graph for Integers Modulo Group Abdurahim; Romdhini, Mamika Ujianita; Qudsi, Jihadil; Al-Sharqi, Faisal; Rodzi, Zahari Md.
Science and Technology Indonesia Vol. 11 No. 1 (2026): January
Publisher : Research Center of Inorganic Materials and Coordination Complexes, FMIPA Universitas Sriwijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26554/sti.2026.11.1.10-18

Abstract

Research on prime coprime graphs of finite groups has largely focused on structural properties, spectra, and classical topological indices, with limited attention given to delta degree-based indices. To address this gap, this study investigates delta degree-based topological indices of the prime coprime graph constructed on the group of integers modulo n, Zn. In this graph, the vertices correspond to the elements of Zn, and two distinct vertices are adjacent if and only if the greatest common divisor of their orders is either 1 or a prime number. In the present work, the focus lies on computing and analyzing several delta degree-based topological indices that are obtained by incorporating the concept of delta degree into classical topological indices, including the delta first Zagreb index, the delta second Zagreb index, the delta hyper Zagreb index, and the delta forgotten index. The methodology involves deriving formulas for these delta-based indices for various values of n, supported by systematic computations and data tabulation. Beyond purely algebraic computation, statistical tools are employed to investigate the relationships between different indices. In particular, a comparative distribution analysis is conducted to determine whether pairs of indices exhibit similar patterns of variability using the Levene test.
Structural, Electrochemical, Bacterial Activity, Hardness, and Thermal Properties of Mg Alloy with Various Zn Contents Premono, Agung; Basori, Imam; Sukarno, Ragil; Susetyo, Ferry Budhi; Alhamidi, A. Ali; Anugrah, Hanif Setia; Muqafillah, Mochammad Fajr Dzakwan; Yudanto, Sigit Dwi; Hasbi, Muhammad Yunan; Situmorang, Evi Ulina Margareta; Edbert, Daniel; Mutiara, Etty; Kriswarini, Rosika; Jamaludin, Agus; Ajiriyanto, Maman Kartaman; Rosyidan, Cahaya
Science and Technology Indonesia Vol. 11 No. 1 (2026): January
Publisher : Research Center of Inorganic Materials and Coordination Complexes, FMIPA Universitas Sriwijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26554/sti.2026.11.1.96-108

Abstract

Magnesium (Mg) alloy is used for various medical purposes, such as bone implants. In the present study, MgAlSixZn alloys were created utilizing the gravity casting by adding various Zinc (Zn) (x is 0, 0.5, 1.2, and 1.7 wt.%) and then homogenized at 400 ◦C for around two hours. MgAlSixZn as homogenized samples were investigated for microstructure, phase structure, electrochemical behavior, surface morphology, bacterial activity, hardness, and thermal behavior using an optical microscope, XRD, Potentiostat, SEM-EDS, digital camera, Vickers hardness test, and Thermogravimetric apparatus, respectively. Several findings include that increasing Zn content implies a grain growth inhibition mechanism facilitated by Zn segregation at grain boundaries, increased corrosion rates, a rise in the hardness, and increased weight loss. It should be noted that the increase in the corrosion rate and weight loss occurs linearly for Zn addition in the Mg alloy until 1.2 wt.%. An increase in Zn concentration causes the peak shift in MgAlSi-based alloy samples, but no crystallographic orientation is apparent. At the end, the highest corrosion rate and inhibition area are observed in MgAlSi1.2Zn, which indicates that it is suitable for biodegradable orthopedic wire.
Anti-Photoaging Effects of Moisturizer and Serum Containing Andrographis paniculata, Syzygium aromaticum, and Pogostemon cablin: A Network Pharmacology, Molecular Docking, and in vivo Study Adianingsih, Oktavia Rahayu; Johan, Christopher Kuncoro; Widarson; Ravsanjani, Eurica Andriani Najwa; Sutiyono, Bershiella Amandari; Qurrotuain, Iffah; Yurina, Valentina; Puspita, Oktavia Eka; Widasmara, Dhelya; Saitama, Akbar; Hariyono, Didik
Science and Technology Indonesia Vol. 11 No. 1 (2026): January
Publisher : Research Center of Inorganic Materials and Coordination Complexes, FMIPA Universitas Sriwijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26554/sti.2026.11.1.19-34

Abstract

Ultraviolet-B (UVB)-induced photoaging accelerates collagen degradation, disrupts dermal structure, and compromises epidermal integrity. Natural extracts, such as Andrographis paniculata, Syzygium aromaticum, and Pogostemon cablin demonstrated antioxidant and anti-aging properties to mitigate these damages. This study investigated the protective effects of serum and moisturizer containing A. paniculata extract, S. aromaticum oil, and P. cablin oil on UVB-induced photoaging rats, by integrating network pharmacology and in vivo experiment. Compounds and photoaging-associated targets were retrieved through online databases. Enrichment analyses were performed using Metascape. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) construction and herbs-compounds-targets-pathways disease network were performed using STRING and Cytoscape 3.10.0, respectively, followed by molecular docking. An in vivo study was conducted to evaluate epidermal thickness, collagen density, and dermo-epidermal junction (DEJ) structure. Eleven key phytoconstituents and twelve core targets were identified in anti-photoaging molecular mechanisms using network pharmacology. Molecular docking analysis revealed that 7-O-methylwogonin demonstrated favorable binding against ten photoaging-associated targets. KEGG enrichment analysis showed potential inflammation processes inhibition, including photocarcinogenesis, AGE-RAGE signaling pathway, and TNF-α expression. Furthermore, treatment with serum, moisturizer, or combination of both significantly reduced epidermal thickening and enhanced collagen density compared to the UVB-exposed only group. Although no significant difference was observed in DEJ interdigitation index across groups, treated groups exhibited a trend towards better preservation of DEJ structure relative to the UVB group. In summary, serum and moisturizer containing A. paniculata, S. aromaticum, and P. cablin extracts demonstrated potential anti-photoaging effects by reducing epidermal thickness and preserving collagen density in UVB-exposed rats. These findings support these botanical-based formulations potential as effective anti-aging skincare.
Determination of Paraquat Using Microfluidic Paper-Based Analytical Device (µPAD) Immobilized with p-Hydroxybenzoic Acid Capped Silver Nanoparticles Gusrizal, Gusrizal; Budi, Firman Shantya; Puspita, Dewi
Science and Technology Indonesia Vol. 11 No. 1 (2026): January
Publisher : Research Center of Inorganic Materials and Coordination Complexes, FMIPA Universitas Sriwijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26554/sti.2026.11.1.323-334

Abstract

This study developed a microfluidic paper-based analytical device (µPAD) immobilized with p-hydroxybenzoic acid capped silver nanoparticles (AgNPs-PHB) for the colorimetric detection of paraquat (PQ) in water samples. The synthesized AgNPs-PHB exhibited favorable properties, including a nanoscale size (68.5 nm by DLS, 20 nm by TEM), high stability (zeta potential of -53 mV), and a spherical morphology, as confirmed by UV-Vis spectroscopy, PSA, and TEM analysis. The µPAD platform utilized a wax-printed hydrophobic barrier to direct sample flow, enabling a simple and cost-effective detection method. Upon interaction with PQ, AgNPs-PHB underwent aggregation, resulting in a visible color change from yellow to gray, which was quantified using ImageJ software for RGB analysis. The method demonstrated excellent linearity (R2 = 0.9917 for red intensity) across a concentration range of 0.001 - 0.01 M, with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.00060 M and a limit of quantification (LOQ) of 0.0020 M. Precision tests revealed high repeatability and reproducibility, with intraday and interday %RSD values below 2%. Recovery studies in tap water, drainage water, and well water samples spiked with PQ yielded accurate results (99.7–102.5%), validating the method’s reliability. Compared to conventional techniques, this µPAD-based approach offers a portable, environmentally friendly, and sensitive alternative for monitoring PQ contamination in environmental water samples, making it suitable for field applications.
Phytochemical Properties, In Silico and In Vitro Analysis of the Antibacterial Activity of Cinnamomum sulavesianum Bark from Sulawesi Hurria; Alfian, Anggra; Mahmudah, Rifa’atul
Science and Technology Indonesia Vol. 11 No. 1 (2026): January
Publisher : Research Center of Inorganic Materials and Coordination Complexes, FMIPA Universitas Sriwijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26554/sti.2026.11.1.121-136

Abstract

Cinnamomum sulavesianum is an aromatic plant in Sulawesi, exhibiting significant potential as an antibacterial candidate. The ongoing search for new antibacterial agents, particularly from natural sources, is crucial due to the rising antibiotic resistance. This study aims to identify the essential oil composition of C. sulavesianum and evaluate its antibacterial properties in silico and in vitro. This study represents the first report on the essential oil content of C. sulavesianum bark and its associated antibacterial effects. The analysis of essential oil content was conducted using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) with an Agilent Technologies 7890 Gas Chromatograph equipped with an Auto Sampler. The in silico analysis has been performed through molecular docking of compounds found in C. sulavesianum. Antibacterial testing was carried out using the disc diffusion method, targeting bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The results from the GC-MS analysis revealed that the bark of C. sulavesianum consists of 10 essential oil compounds, with the primary constituents being Linalool (32.3%), Copaene (6.77%), Eugenol (5.05%), and Eucalyptol (3.17%). In silico evaluations suggest these compounds possess antibacterial potential against gram-positive and gram-negative pathogenic bacteria. Furthermore, in vitro assessments demonstrated that the bark extract of C. sulavesianum formed an inhibition zone that was, on average, categorized as strong based on its inhibitory efficacy. These findings indicate that C. sulavesianum bark holds promise for developing new antibiotics.
Cogon Grass Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles Loaded with Uncaria gambir Extract and Photosensitizer for Photothermal Induced Anti-MRSA Activity: Formula Optimization and In Silico Exploration Mardiyanto; Sabrina, Tia; Alhafizh, M. Faris; Kota, Natacha Brigida; Ramadhona, Sheza Inayah; Valenia, Novella; Amrullah, M. Ammar; Zulda, Daghfal Rafataqwa; Marrisca, R.D. Nindi; Alisyahbana, Sutan Satya; Fadilah, Ade; Pratiwi, Aisyah; Fithri, Najma Annuria
Science and Technology Indonesia Vol. 11 No. 1 (2026): January
Publisher : Research Center of Inorganic Materials and Coordination Complexes, FMIPA Universitas Sriwijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26554/sti.2026.11.1.311-322

Abstract

In recent years antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has grown to become a massive concern for the global community due to their lack of successful prevention and low recovery rates. One of methods with high efficiency in reducing AMR is photodynamic and photothermal therapy (PDPT), due to their independency from chemical mechanism of antimicrobial efficacy. Mesoporous silica nanoparticle (MSN) is an excellent carrier for potential alternative for AMR including photosensitizers and natural based active ingredients. Herein, we explored the use of various sources as silica precursors as well as optimization based on method of fabrication and coating agent to stabilize and load the active ingredients. We additionally incorporated Uncaria gambir extract and phycocyanin to increase MSN antimicrobial effect and photosensitizing ability. Cogon grass-based MSN (CG-MSN) has yet to be explored extensively and in this research, we compared their characteristics to a more established precursors such as tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) and sodium silicate. Based on the results obtained, cogon grass-based precursors produced the highest yield, with entrapment efficiency of Uncaria gambir and phycocyanin as high as 98%. Furthermore, CG-MSN produced one of the highest photothermal increase and adsorption rate comparable to that of TEOS. From in silico exploration Uncaria gambir contained Gambiriin and Roxburghin as two of the most active phytoconstituents that influenced its antimicrobial activity. Based on this research we were able to synthesize a new precursor of silica from natural based product, cogon grass, and incorporate it as carrier for phytocompounds in the management of AMR.
Optimalization Characteristics of the Formulation Essential Oil Nanobiopesticide: Citrus hystrix, Melaleuca cajuputi, and Cymbopogon citratus from West Aceh, Indonesia Sari, Putri Mustika; Lizmah, Sumeinika Fitria; Weihan, Rayhan Amadius
Science and Technology Indonesia Vol. 11 No. 1 (2026): January
Publisher : Research Center of Inorganic Materials and Coordination Complexes, FMIPA Universitas Sriwijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26554/sti.2026.11.1.137-147

Abstract

Research on essential oils as biopesticides is very much, so in the development of essential oils as biopesticides there are weaknesses, namely the nature of essential oils as the main ingredient is volatile, and environmental factors are easy to degrade. So it takes a formulation that can maintain the level of the main compound in the long term, and this can be achieved through nanoemulsion. Based on that, this study aims to optimalize the characteristics of the essential oil nanoemulsion formulation derived from Citrus hystrix (J-1), Melaleuca cajuputi (K-1), and Cymbopogon citratus (S-1) extracts so that it has properties worthy of being a biopesticide. So the method used is descriptive, by testing the stability of the formulation, transmittance, emulsion type, Particle Size Test, Polydispersity Index, and zeta potential. So the results of this study show that in the transmittance test J-1 (98.8%), K-1 (97.7%), S-1 (86.9%), pH test J-1 (5.94), K-1 (6.5), S-1 (6.68), viscosity test J-1 (4.63cPs), K-1 (4.34cPs), S-1 (4.39cPs), particle size test J-1 (10.9±0.05), K-1 (12.5±0.08), S-1 (12.6±0.15), polydispersity index test J-1 (0.563±0.04), K-1 (0.052±0.01), S-1 (0.635±0.08), zeta potential test J-1 (-18.9±1.51), K-1 (-19.9±1.41), S-1 (17.7±1.43). In the stability and emulsion type tests, the three formulation have the same characteristics, namely clear yellow color, distinctive odor, homogeneous, without sediment, without separation of 2 solution phases, and oil-in-water (o/w) emulsion type. Based on these data, it can be seen that the three formulation are stable and suitable to be biopesticides in further research.
Enhancing Scattering Strength Improvement and Color Uniformity in White Light-Emitting Diodes Using High Concentration of Yttrium Oxide Cong, Pham Hong; Loan, Nguyen Thi Phuong; Tung, Ha Thanh
Science and Technology Indonesia Vol. 11 No. 1 (2026): January
Publisher : Research Center of Inorganic Materials and Coordination Complexes, FMIPA Universitas Sriwijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26554/sti.2026.11.1.174-181

Abstract

This study investigates the effect of yttrium oxide (Y2O3) doping on the phase evolution of barium titanate (BaTiO3), a key dielectric material used in multilayer ceramic capacitors (MSCCs). Two types of starting powders were examined: pure BaTiO3 and a commercial X7R composition containing 1 wt% Y2O3. Using the solid-state method under high temperature, Y2O3 was added in varying amounts, and the powders were processed under controlled sintering conditions to evaluate its influence on phase formation. The resulting ceramics were characterized to determine formational alterations as well as the potential generation of secondary phases. Increasing Y2O3 content led to a transmutation from the tetragon structure to a merger between tetragon as well as cubic phases. The commercial X7R powder exhibited greater densificating process, surpassing pure BaTiO3 and formed a cuboid formation under greater Y2O3 concentrations. Notably, the sample doped with 20 wt% Y2O3 produced the Ba6Ti17O40 phase, augmenting scattering capacity and color uniformity. These findings clarify the role of Y2O3 in phase evolution and highlight its implications for optimizing BaTiO3-based MSCC materials.
Synthesis of NiO Nanoparticles as a Catalyst in Transesterification Reaction from Used Cooking Oil for Biodiesel Production Hasri; Putri, Suriati Eka; Negara, Satria Putra Jaya; Afni, Nur; Anwar, Fadil
Science and Technology Indonesia Vol. 11 No. 1 (2026): January
Publisher : Research Center of Inorganic Materials and Coordination Complexes, FMIPA Universitas Sriwijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26554/sti.2026.11.1.280-287

Abstract

This study aims to synthesize and characterize nickel oxide (NiO) nanoparticles as heterogeneous catalysts for biodiesel production from used cooking oil through transesterification. The synthesis was conducted using the sol-gel method with NiCl2·6H2O as a precursor and NaOH as an alkaline agent. Characterizations were then performed using Particle Size Analysis (PSA), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), and Specific Surface Area (SAA) analysis. The PSA results showed that the samples had an average particle size of 37.0 nm with a narrow distribution (PDI = 0.010). XRD confirmed a cubic crystal structure corresponding to JCPDS No. 47-1049, while SEM images showed revealed uniform spherical morphology. In addition, EDS analysis verified the composition of Ni and O as the main elements. The SAA of 489.26 m2/g showed high catalytic activity potential. Catalyst performance tests with methanol-to-oil molar ratios of 1:3, 1:6, and 1:9 showed the highest biodiesel yield of 97.79% at a 1:9 ratio. The produced biodiesel met the Indonesian National Standard (SNI 7182:2015) with a density of 0.86–0.89 g/mL, acid number of 0.40–0.50 mg KOH/g, iodine number of 67.73–93.13 g I2/100 g, and cetane number of 76.87–114.86. GC-MS analysis showed methyl ester chains between C15–C21, confirming compliance with APEC standards. Based on these results, NiO nanoparticles showed high efficiency as an eco-friendly heterogeneous catalyst for biodiesel production.
Optimization and Stability Assessment of Chitosan/PVA Smart Sensor Films Incorporated with Roselle Anthocyanins for Real-Time Visual Monitoring of Chicken and Shrimp Freshness under Different Storage Conditions Hidayaty, Alfianita Nuril; Fiddaroini, Saidun; Fahmi, Ahmad Luthfi; Fardiyah, Qonitah; Sabarudin, Akhmad
Science and Technology Indonesia Vol. 11 No. 1 (2026): January
Publisher : Research Center of Inorganic Materials and Coordination Complexes, FMIPA Universitas Sriwijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26554/sti.2026.11.1.217-234

Abstract

The development of intelligent packaging systems has become a promising approach to ensure food safety and quality by enabling real-time freshness monitoring. In this study, chitosan/polyvinyl alcohol (Cs/PVA)-based smart sensor films incorporated with roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) anthocyanins were fabricated and optimized for the visual detection of chicken and shrimp spoilage under variations storage. Anthocyanins were extracted from fresh roselle petals through different maceration periods (R1–R5) to investigate their influence on film properties. Physicochemical characterization revealed that extended maceration enhanced anthocyanin loading, leading to increased film thickness, higher color saturation, and improved optical responsiveness. FESEM micrographs demonstrated homogeneous polymer matrices at lower anthocyanin concentrations, while higher loadings induced micro-aggregates that enhanced volatile adsorption and sensing sensitivity. The fabricated films exhibited clear and progressive color transitions aligned with the spoilage process: red–purple at fresh conditions (pH 5–6), brown–green at intermediate spoilage (pH 7–9), and yellow–brown at advanced spoilage (pH ≥10), consistent with anthocyanin structural transformations. Storage trials with chicken and shrimp confirmed that the Cs/PVA–R5 film displayed the intense coloration and strong response to volatile amines such as ammonia, trimethylamine, and dimethylamine, enabling reliable freshness monitoring. Importantly, the films provided a visual indication when the pH exceeded the edibility threshold of 7.0–7.5, beyond which the samples were deemed unsuitable for consumption. Overall, this work demonstrates the potential of Cs/PVA–roselle anthocyanin films as eco-friendly, low-cost, and effective smart indicators for meat and seafood freshness, offering a practical platform for intelligent food packaging applications.

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