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Anti-inflammatory Activity of Salicylanilide Compounds from Gondopuro Oil as an In-Vitro Koes Sundoro, Aries; Adhityasmara, Dhimas; Indriyanti, Erwin
Al-Kimia Vol 11 No 2 (2023): DESEMBER
Publisher : Study Program of Chemistry - Alauddin State Islamic University of Makassar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24252/al-kimia.v11i2.42341

A component of gondopuro oil is methyl salicylate. Methyl salicylate has functional groups that allow it to be reformed. Changes in functional groups can occur through chemical reactions, one of which is through the aminolysis reaction to produce salicylamide or salicylanilide. The precursor for the synthesis of amide derivatives is a carboxylic acid, using natural methyl salicylate from gondopuro oil and amines sonochemically using sonichemical methods for 3, 4, and 5 hours with temperature control of ± 60ºC. Then liquid extraction was carried out using of hexane and distilled water 2 to 3 times until 2 phases were formed, then left for 1 night at a temperature of less than 100C and decanted. Then extracted with 10 mL of cold 5% NaOH 2 times until two phases were formed, namely the n-hexane fraction and the NaOH fraction. The NaOH fraction obtained is then heated using a water bath to evaporate the solvent so that it becomes a solid, which is then placed in an oven to form crystals. The crystals obtained were then dried using an oven at 40ºC until dry, and then the yield of the synthesized powder was calculated. From the research results, it can be concluded that Salicylanilide compounds can be synthesized using sonochemical methods and produce the largest % yield in the 3rd sample at 5 hours at 11.23%. Salicylanilide compounds have anti-inflammatory activity at a concentration of 100.0 ppm with a % inhibition of 46.07%.

The Antibacterial Activity Testing on Acetyleugenol Against Staphylococcus aereus Dinurrosifa, Rahmawati Salsa; Sulistyarini, Indah; Darumas P, Athika; Indriyanti, Erwin
Al-Kimia Vol 11 No 2 (2023): DESEMBER
Publisher : Study Program of Chemistry - Alauddin State Islamic University of Makassar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24252/al-kimia.v11i2.42347

The main contents of clove oil are phenolic compounds, namely eugenol, eugenol acetate and gallic acid, as well as flavonoids. One of the derivatives of the eugenol compound is acetyl eugenol which was developed by the esterification reaction between eugenol and acetic acid anhydride using the sonochemical method. Synthesis of acetyleugenol was sonicated for 30 minutes at a temperature of 70-80°C. The % yield of the synthesized compound is calculated and continued with testing which includes solubility, melting point, FTIR and GC-MS tests, which are then tested for antimicrobial activity. The research results show that eugenol and acetic acid anhydride compounds with a NaOH catalyst can be synthesized using ultrasonic waves and produce a % yield of 3.50%. The resulting synthesis can melt starting at a temperature of 30°C and can dissolve in ethanol, methanol, chloroform and ether but does not dissolve in distilled water. FTIR testing on the acetyl eugenol compound showed the presence of -OH phenolic groups, C=C alkenes, C=C aromatics, C-O esters, and C=O esters. Acetyleugenol at concentrations of 1.25%, 2.5%, 5%, and 10% was able to act antibacterial on Staphylococcus aureus cultures with a density of 1.0 X 108 CFU/mL.

Synthesis of Dibenzalacetone using Sonochemistry and Its Antibacterial Activity Against Escherichia coli Purwaningsih, Yuliana; Indriyanti, Erwin; Syukur, Mighfar; Wigati, Dyan
JKPK (Jurnal Kimia dan Pendidikan Kimia) Vol 8, No 3 (2023): JKPK (Jurnal Kimia dan Pendidikan Kimia)
Publisher : Program Studi Pendidikan Kimia FKIP Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/jkpk.v8i3.65172

The synthesis of dibenzalacetone, a ketone compound with potential antibacterial properties, especially against Escherichia coli, has typically involved time-consuming methods. This study adopts sonochemistry, an increasingly popular technique recognized for its efficiency and quick yield. The aim is to synthesize dibenzalacetone using the sonochemical method and evaluate its antibacterial efficacy against E. coli. The synthesis process includes a cross-aldol condensation reaction between acetone and benzaldehyde, catalyzed by NaOH, conducted in an ultrasonic bath at 35 °C for 1-5 minutes. The optimal synthesis condition, achieved in 4 minutes, resulted in a 76.56% yield of dibenzalacetone, characterized as a bright yellow solid with a melting point of 111-114°C. Techniques such as FT-IR, GC-MS, 1H-NMR, and 13C-NMR spectrometry were employed for structural characterization. The FTIR analysis revealed various functional groups, including C=O ketone, C=C aromatic, and C-H aromatic. GC-MS data confirmed the molecular weight of dibenzalacetone at m/z 234.1. Furthermore, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR analyses provided detailed insights into the compound's chemical shifts and structural groups, affirming the successful synthesis of dibenzalacetone. The antibacterial activity of dibenzalacetone against E. coli was tested at concentrations ranging from 5% to 20%. Notably, at a 15% concentration, dibenzalacetone exhibited antibacterial activity comparable to amoxicillin. These findings suggest that dibenzalacetone, efficiently synthesized via sonochemistry, not only achieves a high yield but also has potential as an antibacterial agent against E. coli. This research highlights the efficacy of sonochemistry for the rapid and effective synthesis of compounds with significant medical applications.

PENETAPAN KADAR FLAVONOID TOTAL EKSTRAK KULIT KAYU RAPET (Parameria laevigata (Juss.) Moldenke) SECARA SPEKTROFOTOMETRI SINAR TAMPAK indriyanti, erwin; Hanhadyanaputri, Eka Susanti; Sundoro, Aries Koes
Parapemikir : Jurnal Ilmiah Farmasi Vol 13, No 3 (2024): Parapemikir : Jurnal Ilmiah Farmasi
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengabdian Masyarakat Politeknik Harapan Bersama

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30591/pjif.v13i3.7959

Indonesia merupakan salah satu negara tropis yang terkenal akan keanekaragaman hayatinya, khususnya tanaman obat. Tanaman obat yang potensial diantaranya adalah kayu rapet (Parameria laevigata (Juss.) Moldenke. Tanaman ini banyak digunakan untuk mengobati luka, koreng, disentri dan keputihan pada organ kewanitaan yang disebabkan oleh adanya bakteri dan jamur. Bagian tanaman kayu rapet yang dimanfaatkan terutama bagian kulitnya, pada bagian kulitnya mengandung flavonoid, polifenol dan tanin. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kadar flavonoid total ekstrak etanol kulit kayu rapet secara spektrofotometri sinar tampak. Ekstrak kulit kayu rapet diperoleh secara remaserasi dengan menggunakan pelarut etanol 96%. Hasil skrining fitokimia menunjukkan ekstrak kulit kayu rapet mengandung senyawa fenolik, flavonoid, tanin, alkaloid, steroid dan saponin. Penetapan kadar flavonoid total dilakukan berdasarkan metode AlCl3 dengan flavonoid total dinyatakan dalam RE (Rutine Equivalen) pada panjang gelombang maksimum 416 nm. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rata-rata kandungan flavonoid total sebesar 5,2054 ± 0,3427 mgRE/g ekstrak.

AKTIVITAS ANTIINFLAMASI SECARA IN-VIVO PADA SENYAWA N-FENIL-P-METOKSINAMAMIDA Indriyanti, Erwin; Wulan, Ariani Hesti; Anggoro, Barry
Kieraha Medical Journal Vol 6, No 2 (2024): KIERAHA MEDICAL JOURNAL
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Khairun

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33387/kmj.v6i2.9154

Obat antiinflamasi steroid memiliki beberapa efek samping utama seperti iritasi dan ulserasi saluran cerna, sedangkan beberapa obat antiinflamasi nonsteroid dengan substitusi gugus amina dapat meningkatkan aktivitas antiinflamasi, gastroprotektif, dan analgesik, namun bukan berarti tidak memiliki efek samping. Turunan asam sinamat termodifikasi memiliki beberapa senyawa aktif yang lebih kuat dengan efek samping yang minimal. Senyawa N-fenil p-metoksi sinamamida (NFPMS) merupakan senyawa termodifikasi asamÂ Â Â Â Â p-metoksi sinamat (APMS) melalui reaksi amidase dengan fenilamina melalui katalis dietilamina menggunakan pereaksi antara Desikloheksilkarbodiimida (DCC). Metode sonokimia merupakan salah satu alternatif green chemistry dalam modifikasi sintesis senyawa ini, dengan beberapa keunggulan seperti lebih efisien, mudah dilakukan, rendemen tinggi, waktu singkat, dan ramah lingkungan. Kristal hasil sintesis NFPMS diuji titik leleh, KLT, FTIR, dan NMR. Hasil sintesis NFPMS menghasilkan % rendemen sebesar 89,82%, sedangkan NFPMS 193-195ËšC. Uji KLT mempunyai nilai Rf sebesar 0,9 (NFPMS). Hasil overlay FT-IR kedua senyawa menunjukkan perbedaan pola serapan khas gugus -OH karboksilat (hanya pada APMS) dan gugus amino (NFPMS). Senyawa NFPMS dapat memberikan efek antiinflamasi pada tikus jantan yang diinduksi karagenin dengan dosis efektif 400 mg/KgBB

ESTERIFICATION OF CINNAMIC ACID WITH OCTANOL USING ULTRASONIC WAVE ASSISTED BY COUPLING REAGENT AS ANTIERYTHEMA Jeconiah, Daninda; Mutiara, Erlita Verdia; Indriyanti, Erwin; Wildan, Achmad
Medical Sains : Jurnal Ilmiah Kefarmasian Vol 10 No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Ahmad Dahlan Cirebon

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37874/ms.v10i2.1715

The n-octyl cinnamate compound, a cinnamate ester, is believed to have antierythema activity. This compound is naturally present in certain plant species; however, its quantity is limited. Steglich esterification can be used to produce n-octyl cinnamate, which involves the reaction of cinnamic acid with n-octanol using n,n'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) as a coupling reagent. Ultrasonic wave-assisted synthesis was performed to reduce the synthesis time and increase the yield of n-octyl cinnamate with time variations of 3, 4, and 5 hours at ± 2°C. The synthesized compounds were characterized by organoleptic properties, solubility, melting point, TLC, FTIR, and GC-MS tests. The synthetic compound occurred as a white powder, yielding 10.1% after an optimal duration of 4 hours. The compound was insoluble in distilled water but soluble in methanol, ethanol, chloroform, ether, and n-hexane. The compound has a melting range of 135.1-145.4°C, and the TLC results obtained different Rf values than the initial compound. FTIR test analysis showed the presence of C=C aromatic, C-H aromatic, C=O ester, C-O ester, C=C aliphatic, and C-H aliphatic group absorption by the n-octyl cinnamate compound. GC-MS analysis revealed a synthetic retention time of 17.193 minutes and an abundance of 35.40%. The antierythema activity of the synthesized n-octyl cinnamate compound was optimal at 100 ppm with a %TE of 1.661, classifying it as an extra protection category. Keywords: anti-erythema, esterification, ultrasonic waves, n-octyl cinnamate, time.

Klanceng Honey Beehive (Trigona biroi) Sunscreen Activity Purwaningsih, Yuliana; Masduqi, Ahmad Fuad; Indriyanti, Erwin
Molekul Vol 20 No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Jenderal Soedirman

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20884/1.jm.2025.20.2.10158

ABSTRACT. UV radiation can cause various skin problems, including photoaging and skin cancer. Sunscreen can provide UV radiation protection. Klanceng honey bee nests may contain metabolites that could be employed as sunscreen agents. This research project investigates the sunscreen activity of the extract, n-hexane fraction, ethyl acetate fraction, and aqueous fraction of the Klanceng honey bee hive using SPF, % Te, and Tp values. Honey bee hives are extracted via maceration assisted by ultrasonic waves. As solvents for fractionation, n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and water are used. UV spectrophotometry at a wavelength of 290-375 nm was used to examine the sunscreen activity of the samples in vitro, and the SPF, % Te, and % Tp values were computed. The extract, n-hexane fraction, ethyl acetate fraction, and aqueous fraction had SPF values of 5.832, 4.464, 11.898, and 2.846, with medium, medium, maximum, and minimal protection categories, respectively. The % Te value indicates that the extract, n-hexane, and aqueous fraction do not protect anti-erythema transmission. However, the ethyl acetate fraction does. The % Tp statistic demonstrates that all samples offer sunblock category protection. Based on this, the availability of ethyl acetate fraction is the most effective defense against UV A and UV B rays, indicating that it has the most significant potential as a sunscreen agent. Keywords: Erythema, Pigmentation, Honey bee hive, SPF, Sunscreen

AKTIVITAS ANTIINFLAMASI SECARA IN-VIVO PADA SENYAWA N-FENIL-P-METOKSINAMAMIDA Indriyanti, Erwin; Wulan, Ariani Hesti; Anggoro, Barry
Kieraha Medical Journal Vol 6, No 2 (2024): KIERAHA MEDICAL JOURNAL
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Khairun

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33387/kmj.v6i2.9154

Obat antiinflamasi steroid memiliki beberapa efek samping utama seperti iritasi dan ulserasi saluran cerna, sedangkan beberapa obat antiinflamasi nonsteroid dengan substitusi gugus amina dapat meningkatkan aktivitas antiinflamasi, gastroprotektif, dan analgesik, namun bukan berarti tidak memiliki efek samping. Turunan asam sinamat termodifikasi memiliki beberapa senyawa aktif yang lebih kuat dengan efek samping yang minimal. Senyawa N-fenil p-metoksi sinamamida (NFPMS) merupakan senyawa termodifikasi asamÂ Â Â Â Â p-metoksi sinamat (APMS) melalui reaksi amidase dengan fenilamina melalui katalis dietilamina menggunakan pereaksi antara Desikloheksilkarbodiimida (DCC). Metode sonokimia merupakan salah satu alternatif green chemistry dalam modifikasi sintesis senyawa ini, dengan beberapa keunggulan seperti lebih efisien, mudah dilakukan, rendemen tinggi, waktu singkat, dan ramah lingkungan. Kristal hasil sintesis NFPMS diuji titik leleh, KLT, FTIR, dan NMR. Hasil sintesis NFPMS menghasilkan % rendemen sebesar 89,82%, sedangkan NFPMS 193-195ËšC. Uji KLT mempunyai nilai Rf sebesar 0,9 (NFPMS). Hasil overlay FT-IR kedua senyawa menunjukkan perbedaan pola serapan khas gugus -OH karboksilat (hanya pada APMS) dan gugus amino (NFPMS). Senyawa NFPMS dapat memberikan efek antiinflamasi pada tikus jantan yang diinduksi karagenin dengan dosis efektif 400 mg/KgBB

EDUKASI DAN PELATIHAN BISKUIT MPASI BERBASIS KACANG MERAH UNTUK MENDUKUNG PENCEGAHAN STUNTING DI DESA DLIMOYO, TEMANGGUNG, JAWA TENGAH Putri, Athika Darumas; Anggoro, Aloysius Barry; Indriyanti, Erwin; Syukur, Mighfar; Setyowatiningsih, Endang; Pancasona, Putri Yuliana; Nafasya, Meyra Wahyu
Jurnal Abdimas Ilmiah Citra Bakti Vol. 6 No. 3 (2025)
Publisher : STKIP Citra Bakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.38048/jailcb.v6i3.5470

Permasalahan utama di Desa Dlimoyo, Kecamatan Ngadirejo, Kabupaten Temanggung, adalah rendahnya pemanfaatan kacang merah sebagai bahan pangan bergizi serta kurangnya pengetahuan masyarakat mengenai pencegahan stunting melalui pemberian Makanan Pendamping ASI (MPASI) yang tepat. Kondisi ini berkontribusi terhadap tingginya prevalensi stunting di desa tersebut. Kegiatan pengabdian ini bertujuan meningkatkan pengetahuan gizi masyarakat sekaligus keterampilan praktis dalam mengolah kacang merah menjadi biskuit MPASI bergizi. Mitra kegiatan adalah kelompok ibu PKK dan kader posyandu Desa Dlimoyo sebanyak 40 peserta yang memiliki peran strategis dalam pemberian MPASI di tingkat rumah tangga. Metode pelaksanaan meliputi survei awal, ceramah edukatif mengenai stunting dan gizi kacang merah, demonstrasi pembuatan biskuit MPASI, diskusi interaktif, serta evaluasi melalui pre-test dan post-test untuk mengukur peningkatan pengetahuan dan keterampilan. Hasil kegiatan menunjukkan peningkatan pengetahuan peserta sebesar 80%, keterampilan dalam pembuatan biskuit MPASI sesuai standar keamanan pangan, dan munculnya inisiatif untuk mengembangkan produk sebagai usaha rumah tangga berbasis pangan lokal. Kesimpulan dari kegiatan ini adalah bahwa edukasi gizi berbasis potensi lokal yang dipadukan dengan praktik langsung efektif meningkatkan literasi gizi, keterampilan pengolahan pangan, serta mendukung pencegahan stunting secara berkelanjutan di masyarakat.

Sintesis Oktil Sinamat dengan Metode Sonokimia dan Potensinya sebagai Antikolesterol Verdia Mutiara, Erlita; Wildan, Achmad; Dian Advistasari, Yustisia; Indriyanti, Erwin
Jurnal Farmasi (Journal of Pharmacy) Vol. 11 No. 1 (2022): Jurnal Farmasi (Journal of Pharmacy), April 2022
Publisher : Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Kesehatan Nasional & Pengurus Cabang Ikatan Apoteker Indonesia (IAI) Sukoharjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.373013/5wasds29

Cinnamic acid derivatives play a very important role in the synthesis of other important compounds and as precursors for the synthesis of cinnamic esters. Cinnamate esters have diverse bioactivity. This group has antioxidant, hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, anxiolytic, insect repellent, antidiabetic and anticholesterol activities. Octyl cinnamate is a cinnamic acid derivative which is thought to be efficacious as a cholesterol lowering agent. Cholesterol has been known as the main cause of the process of atherosclerosis, namely the process of calcification and hardening of the arteries. As a result of this process the blood vessels, especially coronary arteries become narrow and block blood flow. Octylcinnamate has been successfully synthesized from the esterification reaction between cinnamic acid and n-octanol with a concentrated sulfuric acid catalyst. The sonochemical method is one of the methods developed in this synthesis process because it is very easy to do, efficient, with high yields, short time and environmentally friendly. From the results of the synthesis, identification of compounds was carried out through melting point and FTIR spectrophotometry. Based on the interpretation of data from FTIR that the synthesis product was n-octyl cinnamate. The synthesis was carried out at 600C with a sonication time of 7 hours. The anticholesterol activity of the optimally synthesized n-octyl cinnamate compound at a concentration of 5 ppm was 55.42%.

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