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Novianti, Desi
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The association between smoking behaviour and degenerative diseases Simarmata, Gracia Imanuela; Hartono, Hartono; Sihotang, Widya Yanti; Tobing, Andrico Napolin Lumban; Dharma, Surya; Mylano, Tri Adi; Setiawan, Deni; Willano, Almira; Novianti, Desi; Suwanto, Denny; Haryadi, Haryadi; Mukhtar, Zulfikri; Kunardi, Sidharta; Reza, Faisal
Buletin Kedokteran & Kesehatan Prima Vol. 4 No. 2 (2025): September
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran, Kedokteran Gigi, dan Ilmu Kesehatan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.34012/bkkp.v4i2.7756

Abstract

Degenerative diseases represent a leading global cause of death, imposing a substantial health burden, wherein behavioural factors such as smoking are posited to play a significant role. This study aimed to analyse the association between smoking behaviour and the incidence of various degenerative diseases through a systematic literature review. The methodology employed was a systematic literature review, with article searches conducted across Google Scholar, PubMed, and Scopus databases from May to June 2025. Inclusion criteria encompassed full-text articles in Indonesian or English, published between 2020 and 2025, focusing on the association between smoking and degenerative diseases (hypertension, diabetes, stroke, kidney failure, cancer). From 230 identified articles, 15 met the criteria and were analysed. The synthesis of results demonstrated a significant association between smoking behaviour and an increased risk of degenerative diseases. Active smokers exhibited a three-fold higher risk of hypertension (OR=3.445), a twelve-fold higher risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (OR=12.747), and a greater risk of developing cancer (lung, breast, laryngeal), stroke, and chronic kidney disease (CKD). Exposure to secondhand smoke among passive smokers also increased the risk of breast cancer nearly fourfold (OR=3.778). Underlying mechanisms include oxidative damage, chronic inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and metabolic dysregulation. It is concluded that smoking is a major modifiable risk factor for degenerative diseases. Strengthening tobacco control policies, intensive health education, and smoking cessation programmes are required as primary prevention strategies.
Co-Authors Abdullah, Armelia Adel Amaliah, Siska Andri Hidayat, Andri Angkasa, Celvin Arni, Neneng Kurnia Ayu Fitri, Ayu Bayuni, Tia Citra DENI SETIAWAN Dewi Anjani Dewi Anjani, Dewi Dina Aulia faisal Reza Hamna, Hamna Harmania, Harmania Hartono Hartono Haryadi - Irma Lusi Nugraheni Kaban, Lenni Apriani Kunardi, Sidharta Lizar, Budi Septhian Marpaung, Hans Hotma Haposan Maulida, Nani Sa'idatul Mufti, Abdul Muh. Khaerul Ummah BK Mukhtar, Zulfikri Muliyani Muliyani Mylano, Tri Adi Nani Suwarni Naufal Farid, Naufal Ningsih, Retna Novita, Ade Ongko, Nicholas Xavier Rayyan, Muhammad Faiz Retno Ali, Puti Rosar, Naufal Ruwaida, Gina Asri Sherliana, Ferra Sholihaningtias, Dian Nur Simarmata, Gracia Imanuela Siregar, Lisdawaty Sumaryati, Titin Surya Dharma Suwanto, Denny Tobing, Andrico Napolin Lumban Ummah BK, Muh. Khaerul Wahyu Nur Cholifah Wear, Ali Sadikin Widya Yanti Sihotang Willano, Almira Yogi Bachtiar