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All Journal Berkala Ilmiah Pendidikan Biologi (BioEdu) Nature: National Academic Journal of Architecture JSI (Jurnal sistem Informasi) Universitas Suryadarma PEDULI: Jurnal Imiah Pengabdian Pada Masyarakat Journal Intellectual Sufism Research Jurnal Manajemen Pendidikan Dasar, Menengah dan Tinggi [JMP-DMT] Tatsqifiy: Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Arab Jurnal Borneo Cendekia Polinomial : Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika Equivalent: Jurnal Ilmiah Sosial Teknik EDUCATUM: Scientific Journal of Education EMARA : Indonesian Journal of Architecture JIWA:Jurnal Psikologi Indonesia Synergy: Journal of Collaborative Sciences
A'yun, Qurrotul
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KINERJA PENCAHAYAAN ALAMI PADA RUANG KELAS DI BANGUNAN BERTINGKAT MENENGAH TERHADAP VARIASI WINDOW TO WALL RATIO DAN KONDISI PENGHALANG EKSTERNAL A'yun, Qurrotul; Shafa, Nadila Hanindia; Putri, Faizah Azalia
EMARA: Indonesian Journal of Architecture Vol. 10 No. 2 (2025): December 2025 ~ February 2026
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Ampel Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29080/eija.v10i2.2525

Abstract

Daylighting plays a critical role in classroom design due to its impact on visual comfort, occupants’ health, and building energy efficiency. In mid-rise buildings located in tropical climates, increasing window area is often implemented without adequate consideration of surrounding environmental conditions, which may result in excessive illuminance and visual discomfort. This study aims to analyze the daylighting performance of mid-rise classroom buildings in relation to window-to-wall ratio (WWR) variations and external obstruction conditions. The study employed daylight simulation using Velux Daylight Visualizer with three WWR configurations: 25%, 37%, and 50%. Simulations were conducted at 09:00, 12:00, and 15:00 in December to represent tropical daylight conditions. The analysis focused on average illuminance values measured on a working plane at a height of 0.75 m above the floor, under both unobstructed and externally obstructed conditions. The simulation results indicate that increasing WWR significantly raises indoor illuminance levels. Under unobstructed conditions, WWRs of 37% and 50% produced high average daily illuminance values of 2,079.9 lux and 2,582.6 lux, respectively, indicating a potential risk of overlighting. In contrast, under external obstruction conditions, average illuminance values across all WWR variations ranged from 752.8 to 842.9 lux and exhibited more stable daylight distribution. This study concludes that a WWR of 37% provides the most balanced daylighting performance by ensuring sufficient natural light while minimizing the risk of visual discomfort, particularly in mid-rise classroom buildings within dense tropical urban environments. The findings offer practical insights for designing classroom openings by integrating window proportion and external environmental context.
Co-Authors Agus R, Abu Hasan Aini, Tsamar Nur Alfauzan Amin ALIYAH, HIMATUL Anisa, Zahro Aristawati, Akta Ririn Attruk, Muhammad Fariq Heemal Aulia, Muhammad Rizky Billi, Joseph Dwiannur, Febriandi Ramadhan Fahmadiah, Putri Fakhruddin Fakhruddin Fatah, Zaehol Hartono, Djoko Hatimah, Naimi Amalia Herlan Pratikto Intan, Rifana Ishmah, Nihayatul Kartika, Khalisha Aura Mahmud Arif Makani, Mawaqit Mujahidah, Nisak UI Na'iesa, Sitti Nur Azizah Nurul Salis Alamin Purianto, Eko Putra, Dandy Permana Putri, Faizah Azalia Rahimamullah, M Arsyad Romaidha, Iqlila Sarinah . Septia Heryanti Shafa, Nadila Hanindia Sutriyani, Wulan Wisanti , Wisanti Yunardi, Riky Tri