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Dwelling with God: Eden and the Tabernacle in Jewish Theology Patanan, Ferry; Akimas , Handreas Sudarmiko; Tanasyah, Yusak
Indonesian Journal of Religious Vol. 7 No. 2 (2024): Indonesian Journal of Religious, Vol.7, No.2 (October 2024)
Publisher : LPPM - Sekolah Tinggi Teologi Indonesia Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.46362/ijr.v7i2.35

Abstract

The Garden of Eden is a garden that God placed in the Eden area. There is a view that says that the Garden of Eden is just a myth or symbol. But the writer of the book of Genesis has recorded emphatically that the Garden of Eden really did exist on Earth. The Garden of Eden was the place where the first humans were created by God, this place was an ideal and perfect place for the first humans, namely Adam and Eve, to continue their lives. This research is qualitative research, namely research in the nature of a literature review. The Garden of Eden is a unique phenomenon in various views of the Ancient Near Eastern era. In the view of the Jews, the Garden of Eden was the first Tabernacle on Earth, where God was present in the lives of Adam and Eve at that time. This study explores the theological and symbolic connections between the Garden of Eden and the Tabernacle (Mishkan) within Jewish thought, emphasizing how both spaces function as loci of divine presence and communion between God and humanity. Drawing upon biblical texts, rabbinic literature, and later Jewish commentaries, the paper argues that Eden serves as a primordial sanctuary—an archetype for sacred space that is later echoed in the construction and function of the Tabernacle. The parallels in language, structure, and ritual—such as the presence of cherubim, the centrality of divine glory (Shekhinah), and the role of priestly mediation—suggest a deliberate theological continuity. By framing the Tabernacle as a symbolic reentry into Eden, the paper highlights the enduring Jewish vision of holiness as a lived, spatial, and relational reality.
Perencanaan Pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Kristen Melalui Teori Behavioristik: Christian Religious Education Lesson Planning Through Behavioristic Theory Yohana Penina Zefanya Ribka; Tanasyah, Yusak; Tan, Juan
MODERATE: Journal of Religious, Education, and Social Vol. 1 No. 1 (2023): MODERATE: Journal of Religious, Education, and Humanities (November 2023)
Publisher : Perkumpulan Teolog Agama Kristen Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.46362/ptaki.v1i1.1

Abstract

In the teaching and learning process, students as learners and teachers as educators play essential roles. Every student requires a comfortable and conducive learning atmosphere. Each student possesses unique and diverse learning characteristics. The question arises whether a teacher should follow each student's individual learning pattern. In any case, learning necessitates methods and strategies that ensure the teaching and learning process runs smoothly and achieves its objectives. The implementation can be either systematic or less structured, which will be observable during classroom activities. Furthermore, various learning media are needed to convey difficult discussion points. This study specifically addresses the process of Christian Religious Education (CRE). To achieve learning objectives, the author employs behavioristic theory within the CRE learning process. The writing method used is a library study (literature review). This study contributes a practical framework for integrating behavioristic theory—specifically stimulus-response and reinforcement—into Christian Religious Education lesson planning to systematically foster observable behavioral change aligned with spiritual transformation.    Dalam proses belajar mengajar, tentu terdapat peran peserta didik sebagai pembelajar dan guru sebagai pendidik. Setiap peserta didik memerlukan suasana belajar yang nyaman dan kondusif. Setiap peserta didik memiliki karakteristik belajar yang unik dan berbeda. Apakah seorang guru sebagai pendidik harus mengikuti alur atau pola belajar setiap peserta didik? Dalam pembelajaran, diperlukan metode dan strategi agar proses belajar mengajar berlangsung dengan baik dan mencapai tujuan. Bentuk pelaksanaannya, baik teratur maupun tidak teratur, akan terlihat selama proses pembelajaran di kelas. Selain itu, diperlukan berbagai media pembelajaran untuk menyalurkan atau menyampaikan bagian diskusi yang sulit dipahami peserta didik. Secara khusus, penelitian ini membahas proses Pendidikan Agama Kristen (PAK). Untuk mencapai tujuan pembelajaran, penulis menggunakan teori behavioristik dalam proses pembelajaran PAK. Metode penulisan yang digunakan adalah studi pustaka. Studi ini memberikan kontribusi berupa kerangka praktis untuk mengintegrasikan teori behavioristik ke dalam perencanaan pembelajaran PAK. Kontribusi utamanya adalah menunjukkan bagaimana stimulus-respons dan penguatan dapat digunakan guru PAK untuk membentuk perubahan perilaku peserta didik yang teramati sekaligus mendukung transformasi iman.
Reflection of Deobandi Religious Education for Multicultural Education in Indonesia Tanasyah, Yusak; Betaubun, Jiefard Stanley
MODERATE: Journal of Religious, Education, and Social Vol. 1 No. 2 (2024): MODERATE: Journal of Religious, Education, and Social (May 2024)
Publisher : Perkumpulan Teolog Agama Kristen Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.46362/moderate.v1i2.6

Abstract

Since the last USA troop is withdrawal from Afghanistan July 2021, there is new era of people Afghanistan. People of Afghanistan now under Taliban army as their start to take over all over the city in Afghanistan. At the turn of the twenty-first century, grant and arrangement talk about on Islam and Muslim social orders has come to center basically on Islam’s capacity to form youthful Muslim’s float towards anti-modernity developments. Numerous quality Islamic militancy, as well as the common socio-economic and political stagnation experienced in a few Muslim social orders, to Islamic religious or legitimate directs. However Islamic insightful convention is exceedingly pluralistic, and today’s driving Islamic specialist structures are creating competing conceptual and methodological approaches which shift incredibly in their capacity to lock in with societal alter. Established as a grassroots movement for religious education in the wake of the 1857 Sepoy Rebellion in India, the Deoband ‘ulama continue to flourish and to carry the mantle of “custodians of change” with increasingly activist vigor. What are the repercussions of this growth, and how does this contribute to an understanding of the complex interrelation of Sufism, pluralism, and democracy? Could we reflecting the Deobandi religious education to perform new era of Taliban in Afghanistan who tolerate economic development, multicultural, freedom religion, and women right in the context of multicultural education in Indonesia? This research analyzes concerns related to religious extremism in Afghanistan and prospect of possible actions for countering the threat. Education performed a critical role in the nation’s building as it fills the gap between information and knowledge. It takes shortfall of information among the different divisions of a nation state.   Contrbution: The article "Reflection of Deobandi Religious Education for Multicultural Education in Indonesia" examines the Deobandi movement's impact on religious education and its relevance to Indonesia's multicultural society. It explores how Deobandi principles, emphasizing religious conservatism and anti-Western sentiment, can be reframed to contribute positively to Indonesia's multicultural education system. The research advocates for integrating Deobandi religious teachings into a broader educational framework that promotes understanding and respect for religious diversity, aligning with Indonesia's diverse cultural and religious landscape.
Between Ashes and Hope: Practical Responds of Job’s Suffering Today Francis, Lewi Frank; Akimas, Handreas Sudarmiko; Tanasyah, Yusak
MODERATE: Journal of Religious, Education, and Social Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): MODERATE: Journal of Religious, Education, and Social (May 2025)
Publisher : Perkumpulan Teolog Agama Kristen Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.46362/moderate.v2i2.21

Abstract

This study explores the timeless relevance of Job’s suffering as narrated in the biblical Book of Job, analyzing its practical theological implications for contemporary believers. Positioned “between ashes and hope,” Job's journey is not merely an ancient tale of personal tragedy but a profound reflection on faith, endurance, divine silence, and the mystery of suffering. In a modern world marked by existential anxiety, personal loss, injustice, and spiritual doubt, the figure of Job invites a deeper inquiry into how believers today can meaningfully engage with suffering without losing faith. This paper argues that Job’s suffering is not incidental but essential mandatory crucible through which authentic faith is refined. It challenges superficial understandings of prosperity theology, proposing instead a spiritual maturity rooted in the tension between lament and trust. By drawing on biblical exegesis, historical interpretations, and contemporary theological voices, this research examines: How Job’s responses model a sacred protest that honors both emotional honesty and reverence. The role of divine silence as a test of trust and a space for transformative waiting. The implications of non-retributive suffering, where pain is not punishment but participation in a deeper divine mystery. Ultimately, this paper seeks to equip modern believers with a resilient, hope-infused theology of suffering—one that does not deny pain but embraces it as a pathway to spiritual depth, solidarity with the suffering Christ, and ultimate restoration. In living “between ashes and hope,” the believer learns that God is most present not in explanations, but in enduring presence.   Contribution: This article contributes by offering practical and theological perspectives on how the suffering in the story of Job can be applied to contemporary life, especially for those facing difficulties and doubts. Additionally, it challenges narrow theological views, such as prosperity theology, by presenting a deeper understanding of suffering as a path to spiritual maturity, rather than as a punishment from God.  
The invisible made visible: Theological and philosophical conceptions of God’s image in Jewish and Greco-Roman contexts Tanasyah, Yusak
KAMASEAN: Jurnal Teologi Kristen Vol. 6 No. 1 (2025): June
Publisher : Institut Agama Kristen Negeri Toraja

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.34307/kamasean.v6i1.350

Abstract

This paper examines how the concept of the image of the invisible God was understood in Jewish and Greco-Roman traditions. It explores Jewish theological ideas rooted in Hebrew Scriptures and later Jewish writings, which emphasize a transcendent yet immanent God. In contrast, Greco-Roman thought, shaped by Platonic and Stoic philosophies, conceptualized the divine through reason, logos, and cosmic order, often expressed through anthropomorphic deities or philosophical ideals. The study highlights how these differing views intersected, particularly during the Second Temple period, influencing early Christian theology—especially the idea of Jesus as the visible expression of the invisible God. By analyzing religious texts and philosophical works, the paper sheds light on ancient understandings of divinity and their lasting impact on conceptions of the divine-human relationship. By analyzing these diverse perspectives, the paper aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of how the image of the invisible God was perceived and represented across different cultures and epochs. This exploration not only enriches our knowledge of ancient religious thought but also offers insights into the enduring questions about the nature of divinity and humanity’s relationship to the divine.
Interpreting Psalm 22: Collective Suffering and National Hope in the Indonesian Context Tanasyah, Yusak; Hutapea, Jusuf; Kurniawan, Mieke Cynthia
Indonesian Journal of Religious Vol. 8 No. 1 (2025): Indonesian Journal of Religious, Vol.8, No.1 (April 2025)
Publisher : LPPM - Sekolah Tinggi Teologi Indonesia Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.46362/ijr.v8i1.36

Abstract

This article explores the significance of Psalm 22, particularly the poignant cry, "My God, my God, why have you forsaken me?" and its theological implications, both within the context of the psalm itself and its fulfillment in the crucifixion of Jesus Christ. By employing a theological-exegetical method, the study analyzes the psalm's literary structure and theological themes, particularly the expression of divine abandonment. The article then connects these themes to the Passion narratives in the New Testament, highlighting how Jesus' cry from the cross directly references and fulfills the prophetic words of Psalm 22. Furthermore, the paper incorporates insights from key theologians such as Bonhoeffer and Moltmann to explore the doctrine of a suffering God, emphasizing divine empathy in human suffering. The study extends to interfaith dialogue in Indonesia, examining how religious communities navigate social differences and contribute to fostering peace and tolerance through dialogue. By combining theological reflection with sociological analysis, the article underscores the importance of interfaith dialogue as a tool for promoting social cohesion and addressing religious intolerance. This paper contributes to both theological scholarship and interfaith studies by offering a comprehensive analysis of the intersection between suffering, redemption, and social harmony in the context of Psalm 22.
Karakter Kepemimpinan Pemuda Kristen: Peran Pendidikan Agama Kristen Gereja Meningkatkan Kepemimpinan Spiritualitas Tarore, Renita Novia; Tanasyah, Yusak; Basuki, Eko; Setiawan, Ruthnawaty
Indonesian Journal of Religious Vol. 6 No. 2 (2023): Indonesian Journal of Religious, Vol.6, No.2 (October 2023)
Publisher : LPPM - Sekolah Tinggi Teologi Indonesia Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.46362/ijr.v6i2.58

Abstract

The role of the church is crucial in nurturing Christian education to enhance spiritual leadership among youth. This study examines the characteristics of Christian leadership in youth and the church's role in providing religious education to foster spiritual leadership. Using a qualitative approach, this research explores how the church can effectively support the development of spiritual leadership qualities such as integrity, humility, and empathy in youth. The findings reveal that the church plays a significant role in shaping the spiritual and moral guidance of young individuals, equipping them with the skills and values necessary for spiritual leadership. The study also emphasizes the importance of mentorship, community involvement, and experiential learning as key strategies for nurturing young Christian leaders. By investing in the spiritual development of youth, the church can contribute to the growth of future leaders with a strong faith foundation and a commitment to serve their communities.   Peran gereja sangat penting dalam membina pendidikan Kristen untuk meningkatkan kepemimpinan spiritual di kalangan Pemuda. Penelitian ini mengkaji tentang karakteristik kepemimpinan Kristen pada Pemuda dan peran gereja dalam memberikan pendidikan agama untuk menumbuhkan kepemimpinan spiritual. Melalui pendekatan kualitatif, penelitian ini mengeksplorasi bagaimana gereja dapat secara efektif mendukung pengembangan kualitas kepemimpinan spiritual seperti integritas, kerendahan hati, dan empati pada Pemuda. Temuan-temuan ini mengungkapkan bahwa gereja memainkan peran penting dalam membentuk pedoman spiritual dan moral individu muda, membekali mereka dengan keterampilan dan nilai-nilai yang diperlukan untuk kepemimpinan spiritual. Studi ini juga menekankan pentingnya pendampingan, keterlibatan komunitas, dan pembelajaran berdasarkan pengalaman sebagai strategi utama untuk membina pemimpin muda Kristen. Dengan berinvestasi dalam pengembangan rohani Pemuda, gereja dapat berkontribusi pada pertumbuhan pemimpin masa depan yang mempunyai dasar iman yang kuat dan berkomitmen untuk melayani komunitas mereka.
Sumbangsih Pendidikan Israel Kuno Dalam Pendidikan Agama Kristen Pada Anak Singal, Youke L.; Tanasyah, Yusak; Malau, Maya; Bulan, Susanti Embong
Harati: Jurnal Pendidikan Kristen Vol 3 No 1 (2023): HaratiJPK: April
Publisher : Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan Kristen IAKN Palangka Raya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.54170/harati.v3i1.126

Abstract

This study explores the contribution of education in ancient Israel and its application to Christian education for children today. The study begins by examining the education system in ancient Israel, including the role of parents, religious leaders, and formal institutions in imparting knowledge and moral teachings. Taking lessons from the ancient Israelites, the study then explores how these principles can be applied to Christian education today. It examines the role of parents, teachers, and the church community in fostering a nurturing and holistic educational environment. It also investigates the use of Scripture, prayer, worship, and ministry to engage children in their faith journey. The purpose of this study emphasizes the value of integrating educational wisdom and practices in ancient Israel into modern Christian education. By adopting a holistic approach that combines Scripture, experiential learning, community engagement, and character building, Christian educators can provide a solid foundation for children to develop lifelong faith, moral values, and a living relationship with God. This study used a literature review research method that investigated books and journals related to ancient Israeli education. Studi ini mengeksplorasi kontribusi pendidikan di Israel kuno dan penerapannya pada pendidikan Kristen untuk anak-anak saat ini. Studi dimulai dengan mengkaji sistem pendidikan di Israel kuno, termasuk peran orang tua, pemimpin agama, dan lembaga formal dalam menyampaikan pengetahuan dan ajaran moral. Mengambil pelajaran dari bangsa Israel kuno, penelitian ini kemudian mengeksplorasi bagaimana prinsip-prinsip ini dapat diterapkan pada pendidikan Kristen saat ini. Ini mengkaji peran orang tua, guru, dan komunitas gereja dalam membina lingkungan pendidikan yang mengasuh dan holistik. Itu juga menyelidiki penggunaan Kitab Suci, doa, ibadah, dan pelayanan sebagai sarana untuk melibatkan anak-anak dalam perjalanan iman mereka. Tujuan dari penelitian ini menekankan nilai integrasi kebijaksanaan dan praktik pendidikan di Israel kuno ke dalam pendidikan Kristen modern. Dengan mengadopsi pendekatan holistik yang menggabungkan Kitab Suci, pengalaman belajar, keterlibatan masyarakat, dan pembentukan karakter, pendidik Kristen dapat memberikan landasan yang kokoh bagi anak-anak untuk mengembangkan iman seumur hidup, nilai-nilai moral, dan hubungan yang hidup dengan Tuhan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kajian pustaka yang menyelidiki buku-buku dan jurnal yang berkaitan dengan pendidikan Israel kuno.
Peran Guru Pendidikan Agama Kristen dan Efektifitas Pembelajaran di Masa Pandemi dalam Mengembangkan Karakter Peserta Didik Tanasyah, Yusak; Singal, Youke; Mariana, Eta
Basileus Eirene: Jurnal Agama dan Pendidikan Vol 4 No 1 (2025)
Publisher : Basilius Eirene Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.63436/bejap.v4i1.89

Abstract

Pada tahun 2019 menyebarnya penyakit yang dinamai Covid-19 diseluruh dunia, dan masuk di Indonesai pada bulan maret 2020, menanggapi situasi yang sangat genting pemerintah Indonesai beserta Kementrian Pendidikan dan Kebudaayaan mengambil kebijakan dengan memberlakukan libur (work At Home) untuk mengantisipasi terjadinya penyebaran luas dari penyakit Covid-19. Pandemi adalah epidemi yang terjadi saat ini sangat memberikan dampak yang sangat merugikan bangsa Indonesia bahkan mancanegara. Diketahui pada akhir tahun 2019 telah terjadi adanya virus yang membahayakan bahkan dapat mematikan manusia. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui peran guru pendidikan agama kristen dan efektifitas pembelajaran di masa pandemi dalam mengembangkan karakter peserta didik. Metode yang digunakan adalah kualitatif. Hasil dari penelitian ini yaitu guru harus dapat meningkatkan kualitas dan kompetensinya di bidang pendidikan dan kerohanianya. Guru juga harus menganali peserta didiknya, serta mampu meningkatkan pengetahuan, karakter peserta didik secara holistik, sebagaimana yang sudah di tetapkan oleh peraturan menteri Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Republik Indonesia Pasal 1, ayat 1 tentang bagaimana tugas Guru dan Dosen itu sangat besar. Setiap Guru menjadi teladan bagi peserta didik karena guru adalah model bagi mereka yang mengidolakan guru tersebut.
Child Sacrifice in the Book of Leviticus: A Comparative Study with Ancient Near Eastern Practices Tanasyah, Yusak; George, Alexi E.
MODERATE: Journal of Religious, Education, and Social Vol. 3 No. 1 (2025): MODERATE: Journal of Religious, Education, and Social (November 2025)
Publisher : Perkumpulan Teolog Agama Kristen Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.46362/moderate.v3i1.20

Abstract

Child sacrifice, a deeply disturbing yet widespread ritual in the Ancient Near East, represents one of the most striking contrasts between Israelite and pagan religious thought. This study explores the prohibition of child sacrifice in Leviticus 18:21 and 20:2–5 as a theological and ethical response to the death-centered cults surrounding ancient Israel. Employing a comparative-historical and exegetical approach, this research examines how the Levitical text redefines holiness, sacrifice, and divine justice within the wider Ancient Near Eastern context. The findings demonstrate that Leviticus transforms the logic of sacrifice from appeasement by destruction to covenantal communion grounded in life and obedience. This shift reveals a moral revolution in biblical theology—where holiness is not separation for privilege but participation in God’s life-giving justice. The study further argues that Leviticus’ rejection of Molech worship constitutes an enduring theological protest against all systems, ancient or modern, that exploit or destroy human life for ideological gain. Ultimately, Leviticus articulates a theology of life that unites divine worship with the protection of humanity, offering a prophetic vision profoundly relevant to today’s moral and technological world. Contribution:  This study contributes to biblical theology by demonstrating that Leviticus redefines the ancient logic of sacrifice into a moral theology of life, where holiness is expressed through justice, compassion, and the preservation of human dignity. It further offers a contemporary ethical framework that challenges modern societies to resist every form of dehumanizing ideology—the “modern Molechs”—by reaffirming the inseparable bond between divine worship and the sanctity of life.   Pengorbanan anak, sebuah ritual yang sangat mengerikan namun tersebar luas di wilayah Timur Dekat Kuno, merupakan salah satu kontras paling mencolok antara pemikiran religius bangsa Israel dan bangsa-bangsa kafir. Penelitian ini menelaah larangan terhadap pengorbanan anak dalam Imamat 18:21 dan 20:2–5 sebagai respons teologis dan etis terhadap kultus-kultus yang berpusat pada kematian di sekitar Israel kuno. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan komparatif-historis dan eksegetis, penelitian ini mengkaji bagaimana teks Imamat mendefinisikan ulang makna kekudusan, korban, dan keadilan ilahi dalam konteks luas dunia Timur Dekat Kuno. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kitab Imamat mengubah logika pengorbanan dari penenangan melalui penghancuran menjadi persekutuan perjanjian yang berlandaskan pada kehidupan dan ketaatan. Perubahan ini mengungkapkan adanya revolusi moral dalam teologi biblika—di mana kekudusan tidak lagi berarti pemisahan demi keistimewaan, melainkan partisipasi dalam keadilan Allah yang memberi kehidupan. Penelitian ini juga berpendapat bahwa penolakan terhadap penyembahan Molekh dalam Imamat merupakan protes teologis yang abadi terhadap semua sistem—baik kuno maupun modern—yang mengeksploitasi atau menghancurkan kehidupan manusia demi keuntungan ideologis. Pada akhirnya, kitab Imamat menegaskan teologi kehidupan yang mempersatukan penyembahan kepada Allah dengan perlindungan terhadap kemanusiaan, menawarkan visi profetik yang sangat relevan bagi dunia moral dan teknologi masa kini. Kontribusi: Penelitian ini memperkaya teologi biblika dengan menafsirkan kitab Imamat sebagai transformasi dari logika korban kuno menjadi teologi moral kehidupan, di mana kekudusan terwujud dalam keadilan, belas kasih, dan penghormatan terhadap martabat manusia. Studi ini juga menawarkan kerangka etika modern yang menegaskan hubungan erat antara ibadah kepada Allah dan kesucian hidup sebagai perlawanan terhadap ideologi-ideologi yang mendehumanisasi.