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Journal : Biofaal Journal

The Effectiveness of Stem Cell Therapy Compared to Conventional Therapy on Improving Pancreatic Beta Cell Function in Type 2 Diabetes Patients: A Systematic Review Setiawan, Maulana; Saraswati, Made Ratan; Darwinata, Agus Eka
Biofaal Journal Vol 7 No 1 (2026): Biofaal Journal (On Process)
Publisher : Pattimura University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30598/biofaal.v7i1pp32-48

Abstract

More than 800 million people worldwide experience type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), characterized by progressive pancreatic β-cell deterioration inadequately addressed by conventional treatments. This review assesses stem cell-based interventions versus standard therapy for β-cell functional restoration. Systematic review aims to comprehensively evaluate and compare the effectiveness of stem cell therapy versus conventional therapy in improving pancreatic β-cell function in type 2 diabetes patients. Systematic searches of PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Scopus from January 2015 to October 2025 retrieved 125 records. After duplicate removal and screening, 17 studies met the general inclusion criteria, of which six randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving 339 participants were eligible for analysis. Primary outcomes were C-peptide concentrations, HOMA-β, HbA1c, insulin requirements, and safety parameters. The results showed that stem cell interventions consistently elevated fasting C-peptide levels to 1.9±1.0 ng/mL (versus 0.7±0.4 ng/mL in controls). Mean HbA1c reductions reached 0.67% (intervention 7.52±1.07% versus placebo 8.19±1.02%). Insulin dosage requirements decreased markedly, with reductions approaching 46.7%. Safety assessment remained limited due to incomplete adverse event documentation across included studies. Interpretation is further constrained by small trial sizes (23–91 participants) and protocol heterogeneity across cell sources, administration routes, and follow-up durations. Stem cell-based therapies demonstrate encouraging potential for enhancing pancreatic β-cell function in T2DM patients. Insufficient long-term follow-up data and inadequate safety surveillance preclude definitive clinical recommendations, supporting their application exclusively within structured clinical trial settings.
Co-Authors Adhy Candra, I Kadek Bayu Agung Wiwiek Indrayani Agus Indra Yudhistira Diva Putra Anak Agung Gde Putra Wiraguna Ananda Eka Raharja Cokorda Agung Wahyu Purnamasidhi Dharmika, Ida Ayu Gde Wahyudevi Dhyana Ratmaja, I Gusti Agung Ngurah Diksha, I Gusti Ngurah Ariestha Satya Dwija, Ida Bagus Nyoman Putra F. S. Wignall Hearty Indah Oktavian I Gde Haryo Ganesha I Gede Agus Darsana Palgunadi I Gede Bayu Adi Pratama I Gede Gita Sastrawan I Gede Krisna Arim Sadeva I Gede Raka Adhyatma I Gede Sathya Agastya I Gede Wikania Wira Wiguna I Gusti Agung Istri Gladys Elsyaningrat I Gusti Ayu Dewi Ratnayanti I Gusti Kamasan Nyoman Arijana I Gusti Ngurah Kade Mahardika I Gusti Nyoman Sri Wiryawan I Ketut Wiryajati I Putu Bintang Pradita Kirana I Wayan Juli Sumadi I Wayan Sugiritama I Wayan Suranadi I Wayan Weta I. B. P. Dwija Ida Ayu Ika Wahyuniari Ida Bagus Fery Citarsa Ida Bagus Gede Adiguna Wibawa Ida Sri Iswari J. A. Pangkahila Junior, Darren K. Subrata K. Wirasandhi Ketut Tuti Parwati Merati Komang Januartha Putra Pinatih Kusumajaya, I Gusti Bagus Ari Adi Ledwin Meikel Wibisono Made Agus Hendrayana Made Indira Dianti Sanjiwani Maharani, Ida Ayu Komang Ananta Milhanah Milhanah N. K. Susilarini Ni Luh Gede Yoni Komalasari, Ni Luh Gede Yoni Ni Made Adi Tarini Ni Made Linawati Ni Made Susilawathi Ni Nengah Dwi Fatmawati Ni Nyoman Sri Budayanti Nyoman Budhi Wirananda Setiawan Paramyta, I Gusti Ayu Cintya Putri, Ni Putu Windi Sukma Putu Agung Satvika Pradnyadevi Putu Nindya Krisnadewi Rahadi Raka-Sudewi A. A. Saktivi Harkitasari, Saktivi Saraswati, I Gusti Ayu Agung Putri Indria Saraswati, Made Ratan Setiawan, Maulana Surya Putra, I Gusti Agung Utama Suteja, Richard Christian Utama, I Made Susila Widhanti, Arin Arnaz Wimpie I Pangkahila Winnie Chandra Yoselyn Gunawan