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All Journal E-Journal Cano Ekonomos Journal of Education, Humaniora and Social Sciences (JEHSS) Sang Pencerah: Jurnal Ilmiah Universitas Muhammadiyah Buton Jurnal Review Pendidikan dan Pengajaran (JRPP) Dinasti International Journal of Education Management and Social Science TheJournalish: Social and Government Jurnal Inovasi Penelitian International Journal of Educational Research and Social Sciences (IJERSC) Jurnal Sosial dan Teknologi Jurnal Syntax Fusion : Jurnal Nasional Indonesia International Journal of Educational Review, Law And Social Sciences (IJERLAS) KOMUNIKATA57 Al-MIKRAJ: Jurnal studi Islam dan Humaniora Jurnal Teknik Industri STRATEGI PERANG SEMESTA Formosa Journal of Social Sciences (FJSS) Formosa Journal of Applied Sciences (FJAS) Journal of Innovation Research and Knowledge Jurnal Pengabdian Mandiri Jurnal Indonesia Sosial Sains Indonesian Journal of Applied and Industrial Sciences (ESA) Indonesian Journal of Advanced Research (IJAR) Jurnal Elektrosista Jurnal Sosial, Politik dan Budaya (SOSPOLBUD) The Eastasouth Journal of Social Science and Humanities Strategi Pertahanan Udara International Journal of Business and Quality Research International Journal of Technology and Education Research Greenation International Journal of Economics and Accounting Indonesian Journal of Innovation Multidisipliner Research Indonesian Journal of Social Issues
Afrizal Hendra
Defense University Of Republic Indonesia
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Analisis Kinerja Prajurit TNI AU Dalam Mendukung Tugas di Pangkalan Udara TNI AU Soewondo Medan Esra K. Sembiring; Afrizal Hendra
Strategi Pertahanan Udara Vol. 3 No. 2 (2017): Jurnal Strategi Pertahanan Udara
Publisher : Universitas Perrtahanan Indonesia (UNHAN)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33172/jspu.v3i2.180

Abstract

Abstrak - Era reformasi yang terjadi di tengah bangsa Indonesia, sejak bulan Mei 1998 yang lalu, telah menandai bergulirnya iklim demokrasi di tanah air termasuk tuntutan reformasi secara kelembagaan setiap penyelenggara negara termasuk profesionalisme Tentara Nasional Indonesia. Relatif masih belum optimalnya kinerja Prajurit TNI AU di Lanud Soewondo Medan dapat dilihat dari masih ditemukannya  pelaksanaan tugas yang tidak sesuai dengan perencanaan sebelumnya  baik diukur dari segi efesiensi, efektifitas maupun produktifitasnya. Selain itu, berdasarkan penjelasan Irjenau Marsda TNI Anang pada Rakornispers TNI AU tanggal 7 Nopember 2016 di Mabesau dijelaskan bahwa opini LHP LK BPK RI tentang kinerja TNI mengalami penurunan dari WTP ditahun 2013 kemudian WTP DPP ditahun 2014 dan menurun kembali menjadi WDP DPP pada tahun 2015 dan yang paling terakhir pada tahun 2016 opini LK BPK RI menjadi WDP.Ini mengindikasikan masih belum selesainya pekerjaan rumah bagi TNI secara keseluruhan.  Tujuan  penelitian ini untuk menganalisis  permasalahan kinerja prajurit TNI AU  Lanud Soewondo dan faktor-faktor apa saja yang mempengaruhi kinerjanya. Teori utama yang dipakai menggunakan Teori Kinerja yang dikemukakan oleh Irawan Pasetya (1994 : 1) yang menyatakan bahwa kinerja adalah “ merupakan hasil dari suatu proses manajemen secara menyeluruh yang melibatkan faktor-faktor efisiensi, efektivitas, dan produktivitas, dimana hasil kerja tersebut dapat ditunjukkan secara konkret dan dapat diukur “.Dari penelitian Tesis ini ditemukan permasalahan kinerja yang masih terjadi saat ini disebabkan oleh kompetensi prajurit yang belum maksimal, kepemimpinan, orientasi tujuan prajurit serta sarana prasarana tugas yang belum terpenuhi.Kata Kunci: Kinerja prajurit, Kompetensi, orientasi tujuan dan kepemimpinan Abstract - The era of reformation ollowed in the Indonesian nation, from May 1998 ago, that was marked by the passing of the climate of democracy in the country. It becomes the demands for reform at every institutional money into the state apparatus, including the professionalism of the Indonesian National Army. This situation is relatively non-optimal performance in the Air Force Soldier Soewondo Medan airbase can be seen from the discovery of the implementation of the tasks that still does not comply with a previous planning both measured in terms of efficiency, effectiveness and productivity. Furthermore, based on the explanation Irjenau Air Vice Marshal TNI Anang on Rakornispers Air Force Nopember 7th, 2016 at Mabesau explained that the opinions LHP LK BPK on TNI’s Performance decreased from WTP in  2013 then WTP DPP in the year 2014 and declined again to WDP DPP in 2015 and the most recent 2016 LK opinion BPK into WDP. This indicates still not completed homework for the military as a whole.  The purpose of this study to analyze the performance problem Lanud  Soewondo AU Soldiers and the factors that influence performance. The main theory is used to use the theory of performance put forward by Irawan Prasetya (1994:1) which states that the performance was “the result of a management process as a whole that involve factors of efficiency, effectiveness and productivity, where the results of such work can be shown concrete and can be measured.From the research of this thesis found performance problems that still exist is currently in Lanud Soewondo Medan such efficiency that has not been done, the effectiveness of that has not been achieved and productivity that still not optimal assessed with standard measures of performance used as a reference within the TNI (Perpang / 93 / XI / 2011 on Guidelines for Assesment and Administration in Environmental Workload Calculation TNI). This is according to the author due to the competency of soldiers that have not been up, leadership, goal orientation and infrastructure soldiers unfullfilled task.Keywords: soldier performance, competence, goal orientation and leadership
Peran TNI AU Pada Misi Pemeliharaan Perdamaian PBB MINUSMA di Mali Tahun 2015-2016 Pratomo Sariadi Darwan; Tirton Nefianto; Afrizal Hendra
Strategi Pertahanan Udara Vol. 4 No. 1 (2018): Jurnal Strategi Pertahanan Udara
Publisher : Universitas Perrtahanan Indonesia (UNHAN)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33172/jspu.v4i1.212

Abstract

Abstrak--Pasukan Perdamaian TNI saat ini terus memainkan peran yang vital dalam Misi Pemeliharaan PBB. Namun sejak pelibatan TNI yang pertama kali pada tahun 1957, TNI Angkatan Udara memiliki pengaruh dan peran yang relatif kecil dalam MPP PBB. Dalam sejarah, MPP PBB MINUSMA di Mali merupakan satu-satunya misi dimana TNI Angkatan Udara memiliki peran yang cukup signifikan. Peran tersebut merupakan salah satu instrumen politik luar negeri Indonesia yang bebas dan aktif sekaligus merupakan implementasi dari pelaksanaan tugas TNI AU. Peran tersebut juga merupakan penyelarasan atas substansi politik luar negeri dan kepentingan nasional Indonesia dalam hubungan internasional sehingga menjadi suatu topik yang layak untuk diteliti. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan observasi langsung, studi dokumentasi dan wawancara untuk mengeksplorasi aspek penting dari peran TNI Angkatan Udara, kendala yang dihadapi, peluang ke depan, manfaat yang diperoleh serta kondisi yang dibutuhkan untuk meningkatkan peran TNI Angkatan Udara dalam MPP PBB MINUSMA di Mali. Selain itu, penelitian ini juga menggunakan analisis SWOT untuk membangun strategi dan rekomendasi dalam meningkatkan peran TNI Angkatan Udara dalam MPP PBB MINUSMA. Penelitian ini juga dapat digunakan oleh pengambil kebijakan untuk memperdalam pemahaman tentang peran TNI Angkatan Udara dalam MPP PBB MINUSMA di Mali agar dapat membuat putusan kebijakan yang tepat dalam rangka meningkatkan peran TNI Angkatan Udara dalam MPP PBB MINUSMA di Mali maupun pada MPP PBB lainnya dimasa mendatang.Kata kunci: peacekeeping operations, politik luar negeri bebas dan aktif, kepentingan nasional, hubungan internasional, kebijakan Abstract--The Indonesian National Defence Forces Peacekeeping Forces continues to play a vital role in the United Nations Peacekeeping Operations. However, since the Indonesian National Defence Forces first foray into Peacekeeping in 1957, the Indonesian Air Force has less influence and role. In history, the UN Peacekeeping Operation MINUSMA in Mali is the only UN Mission in which the Indonesian Air Force has a significant role. The role is one of the Indonesian Government foreign policy instruments as well as the implementation of the tasks of the Indonesian Air Force. The role is also an alignment of the Indonesia’s foreign policy and Indonesia's national interests in international relations so it is substantiated as a worthy topic to be studied. This research used a qualitative approach using interviews to explore important aspects of the role of the Indonesian Air Force, the constraints faced, the future opportunities, the benefits gained as well as the conditions required to enhance the role of the Indonesian Air Force in the UN Peacekeeping Operation MINUSMA in Mali. In addition, this research also utilized SWOT analysis to develop strategies and recommendations in order to enhance the role of the Indonesian Air Force in the UN Peacekeeping Operation MINUSMA in Mali. This research can also be used by the policy makers to deepen their understanding regarding the role of the Indonesian Air Force in the United Nations Peacekeeping Operation MINUSMA in Mali in order to make the right policy decisions as well as to increase the role of the Indonesian Air Force in the UN Peacekeeping Operation MINUSMA in Mali and other UN Peacekeeping Operations in the future.Keywords: peacekeeping operations, free and active foreign policy, national interest, policy
PENGARUH KEPEMIMPINAN DAN KOMUNIKASI TERHADAP KINERJA ANGGOTA DI RSPAU Dr. S. HARDJOLUKITO Sapta Priyanta; Afrizal Hendra; Marsono
Strategi Pertahanan Udara Vol. 10 No. 1 (2024): Jurnal Strategi Pertahanan Udara
Publisher : Universitas Perrtahanan Indonesia (UNHAN)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33172/jspu.v10i1.14868

Abstract

RSPAU dr Suhardi Hardjolukito kinerjanya masih belum maksimal. Kondisi tersebut dipengaruhi beberapa variabel diantaranya kepemimpinan dan komunikasi. Permasalahan yang diteliti yaitu pengaruh kepemimpinan dan komunikasi terhadap kinerja anggota RSPAU dr. Suhardi Hardjolukito. Tujuan penelitian untuk menganalisis pengaruh kepemimpinan dan komunikasi terhadap kinerja anggota RSPAU dr. Suhardi Hardjolukito. Penelitian menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan teknik regresi berganda. Data dikumpulkan dari 120 orang personel RSPAU dr Suhardi Hardjolukito sebagai sampel. Sampel dipilih sesuai strata kepangkatan yaitu, perwira menengah, perwira pertama, bintara, tamtama, pegawai negeri sipil dan tenaga lepas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa : (1) kepemimpinan berpengaruh langsung positif terhadap kinerja anggota RSPAU dr. Suhardi Hardjolukito, dengan hasil koefisien regresi sebesar 0,877, koefisien korelasi sebesar 0,636, kontribusi sebesar 40,5 % dan t hitung sebesar 8,962 (2) komunikasi berpengaruh langsung positif terhadap kinerja anggota RSPAU dr. Suhardi Hardjolukito, dengan hasil koefisien regresi sebesar 0,906, koefisien korelasi sebesar 0,632, kontribusi sebesar 39,09 % dan t hitung sebesar 8,860. dan (3) kepemimpinan dan komunikasi secara bersama-sama berpengaruh langsung positif terhadap kinerja anggota RSPAU dr Suhardi Hardjolukito, dengan hasil koefisien regresi kepemimpinan dan komunikasi masing-masing sebesar 0,490 dan 0,457, t hitung sebesar 2,400 dan 2,152, nilai siknifikansi sebesar 0,018 dan 0,033, sedangkan uji signifikansi uji F sebesar 0,00 (<0,05) dan F hitung sebesar 43,711. Kepemimpinan dan komunikasi merupakan variabel-variabel penting dalam meningkatkan kinerja anggota RSPAU dr. Suhardi Hardjolukito, maka kedua variabel tersebut perlu ditingkatkan. Kesimpulan bahwa kepemimpinan dan komunikasi berpengaruh terhadap kinerja angota RSPAU dr. Suhardi Hardjolukito, secara parsial maupun simultan.
Urgensi Pelatihan Bela Negara bagi Warga Perbatasan Indonesia - Timor Leste guna Meningkatkan Jiwa Nasionalisme Yahya, Yudhi; Widjayanto, Joni; Hendra, Afrizal
AL-MIKRAJ Jurnal Studi Islam dan Humaniora (E-ISSN 2745-4584) Vol 5 No 01 (2024): Al-Mikraj, Jurnal Studi Islam dan Humaniora
Publisher : Pascasarjana Institut Agama Islam Sunan Giri Ponorogo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37680/almikraj.v5i01.6447

Abstract

The border region between Indonesia and Timor Leste possesses unique characteristics that render it susceptible to various threats. These threats are not limited to the military sphere but also encompass non-military aspects such as radicalism and foreign cultural influences. One approach to mitigating these threats is through national defense training. National defense is the foundation of a robust national defense system. The objective of this research is to analyze the urgency of national defense training for residents of the Indonesia-Timor Leste border region with the aim of enhancing their sense of nationalism. The researcher employed a qualitative research method. The results of this study indicate that national defense training in the Indonesia-Timor Leste border region has specific goals directed at strengthening the border residents' awareness of national sovereignty and simultaneously improving their capabilities in confronting various challenges. The recommendations proposed by the researcher to address the challenges of implementing national defense training in the Indonesia-Timor Leste border region include: improving infrastructure, adopting a holistic approach, enhancing inter-agency coordination, conducting intensive socialization, utilizing technology, and increasing the capacity of human resources..
TANTANGAN PERTAHANAN NASIONAL MENUJU INDONESIA EMAS 2045 Ahmad Fanani; I Wayan Midhio; Afrizal Hendra
TheJournalish: Social and Government Vol. 5 No. 4 (2024): Social and Government
Publisher : CV The Journal Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55314/tsg.v5i4.858

Abstract

Golden Indonesia 2045 is a long-term vision launched to mark 100 years of Indonesian independence. This vision covers various aspects of development, including economic, social and defense. National defense policy is one of the key elements in ensuring the achievement of this vision, considering the importance of national stability and security as the foundation for sustainable development. This research aims to see the challenges in the aspect of national defense towards a golden Indonesia 2045 and the role of national defense in realizing a golden Indonesia 2045. The research method used is a literature study involving analysis of documents, books, journal articles and information from official websites. Indonesian national defense. The findings obtained by researchers in this research are that there are several challenges faced by Indonesian national defense such as Economic and Resource Challenges: Defense Budget Limitations and the Need for Military Modernization, Institutional and Bureaucratic Challenges: The Need for Reform of Defense Institutions and Bureaucracy and Budget Limitations and Priorities National: Balancing Economic Development and Defense Investment. Meanwhile, the role of national defense in realizing a Golden Indonesia 2045 is implementing Defense Diplomacy in the context of international cooperation in maintaining regional security and building national resilience and responding to non-conventional threats. Non-conventional threats such as terrorism, separatism, cyber attacks and climate change.
High Deterrence Capacity and Maritime Oriented Defense Transformation Towards a Golden Indonesia 2045 Ahmad Fanani; I Wayan Midhio; Afrizal Hendra
Formosa Journal of Social Sciences (FJSS) Vol. 3 No. 4 (2024): December 2024
Publisher : PT FORMOSA CENDEKIA GLOBAL

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55927/fjss.v3i4.12973

Abstract

As the largest archipelagic country in the world, Indonesia consists of more than 17,000 islands with a coastline of 108,000 km, making it one of the countries with the largest maritime area. With a strategic position between two oceans (the Indian and the Pacific) and two continents (Asia and Australia). In realizing the big vision for Golden Indonesia 2045, one of them is having a strong defense needed to face increasingly complex global challenges. The research method used is a literature study involving analysis of documents, books, journal articles and information from official websites. Furthermore, the study results show Countries that have high technology in defense systems such as advanced radar systems, submarines and drones can increase the effectiveness and deterrence of maritime defense systems. Apart from that, joint military exercises and cross-field operations can increase naval readiness and operational capabilities, Defense Diplomacy and Regional Cooperation can also help build alliances and increase deterrence and lastly, Human Resource Capacity Development can help in achieving success. operating a sophisticated maritime defense system relies heavily on the capabilities of military personnel
Strategic Utilization of Demographic Dividend to Build Resilient Defense Capabilities in Emerging Economies Budiyanti, Fatwa; Hendra, Afrizal; Suryo, Almuchalif
Formosa Journal of Applied Sciences Vol. 4 No. 1 (2025): January 2025
Publisher : PT FORMOSA CENDEKIA GLOBAL

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55927/fjas.v4i1.12921

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to analyze the Strategic Utilization of Demographic Dividends to Build Resilient Defense Capabilities in Developing Countries. The method used is Systematic Literature Review (SLR). The results show that to take advantage of the demographic dividend for defense, developing countries should focus on several key strategies. First, investing in education, particularly in STEM fields, is critical to building a skilled workforce for both the economic and defense sectors (Bloom et al., 2003). Managing the youth bulge by integrating young people into productive roles, including defense-related sectors such as cybersecurity and military technology, can help drive national security. Encouraging technological innovation through public-private partnerships will further strengthen defense capabilities. In addition, addressing the aging population by modernizing military infrastructure and increasing automation is critical for long-term defence readiness.
Strategi Tni dalam Menanggulangi Gerakan Saparatis Papua Guna Mewujudkan Stabilitas Keamanan dan Kesejahteraan Papua Fransisco; Afrizal Hendra; CDB. Andries
Sang Pencerah: Jurnal Ilmiah Universitas Muhammadiyah Buton Vol. 11 No. 1 (2025): Sang Pencerah: Jurnal Ilmiah Universitas Muhammadiyah Buton
Publisher : Lembaga Jurnal dan Publikasi Universitas Muhammadiyah Buton

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35326/pencerah.v11i1.6400

Abstract

Gerakan Saparatis Papua telah menyebabkan ketidakstabilan keamanan dan kesejahteraan dengan aksi kekerasan bersenjata seperti penyerangan terhadap aparat keamanan dan warga sipil. TNI turut dilibatkan dalam konteks Bantuan Operasi yang digelar oleh Polri dalam menumpas KSP. Akan tetapi, pengerahan TNI dalam penyelesaian konflik di Papua selalu dikaitakan dengan HAM. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membahas pendekatan strategi penyelesaian konflik yang terjadi di Papua melalui konsep pendekatan Smart Power, yang melibatkan semua elemen bangsa untuk membantu mencari jalan penyelesaian yang terbaik terhadap konflik di Papua. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa TNI berperan penting dalam menjaga stabilitas keamanan serta mendukung pelaksanaan Otsus melalui berbagai pendekatan strategis. TNI juga menghadapi beberapa tantangan seperti penggunaan kekuatan berlebihan yang telah menimbulkan korban jiwa dan pelanggaran HAM. Strategi TNI menangani konflik di Papua memiliki dampak yang kompleks dan bervariasi. Meskipun telah memberikan beberapa kemajuan, masih ada tantangan yang perlu diatasi dalam rangka mencapai perdamaian yang berkelanjutan. Kesimpulan yaitu strategi Smart Power yang diterapkan oleh TNI dalam menanggulangi konflik di Papua merupakan pendekatan yang menggabungkan elemen "Hard Power" dan "Soft Power" untuk mencapai stabilitas dan kesejahteraan di wilayah tersebut. Strategi ini dirancang untuk menangani kompleksitas konflik dengan cara yang lebih holistik dan efektif.
Strategi Smart Power dalam Menghadapi Ancaman Gerakan Organisasi Papua Merdeka Guna Mendukung Keamanan Nasional Teguh Wiratama; Afrizal Hendra; Andries Andries
Journal of Education, Humaniora and Social Sciences (JEHSS) Vol 7, No 2 (2024): Journal of Education, Humaniora and Social Sciences (JEHSS), November
Publisher : Mahesa Research Center

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.34007/jehss.v7i2.2369

Abstract

The security situation in Papua continues to be a sensitive issue affecting national stability, with the main threat coming from the Free Papua Organization (OPM). OPM seeks the separation of Papua from Indonesia through armed action, international campaigns, and propaganda, with a significant increase in violent incidents from 2015 to a peak in 2023. Although the Special Autonomy policy has been implemented, the measure has not been able to fully address the existing tensions. This study aims to analyze the Smart Power strategy in dealing with OPM threats and supporting national security, using qualitative descriptive methods and AHP SWOT analysis. The findings suggest that the success of this strategy is highly dependent on the integration of diplomacy, military power, political support, and infrastructure development. Operational collaboration between the TNI, the National Police, and BIN in implementing socio-economic programs plays a key role, with diplomacy supporting stability and conflict management. Understanding local culture is also a critical factor, where the integration of cultural approaches with infrastructure development efforts is aimed at easing tensions and increasing public support for the government. AHP's SWOT analysis identified key strengths such as inter-agency synergies, while weaknesses lie in reliance on consistent political support. The opportunity lies in improving well-being through sustainable development, while a major threat remains emerging from the OPM's activities and its international support. In conclusion, an adaptive Smart Power approach, with cross-sectoral collaboration and cultural sensitivity, is key in maintaining long-term stability and maintaining Indonesia's sovereignty in Papua.
DINAMIKA KEBIJAKAN ENERGI MINYAK BUMI AMERIKA SERIKAT DI TIMUR TENGAH PADA MASA BUSH HINGGA OBAMA (2001-2016) Mei Rinta Sukma Firdaus; Hendra, Afrizal; Wirajuda, Muhammad Hadianto
JURNAL ELEKTROSISTA Vol. 11 No. 1 (2023): DESEMBER 2023
Publisher : PPM Sdirjianbang Akademi Militer

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.63824/jtep.v11i1.146

Abstract

Timur Tengah telah lama menjadi pusat dari pusaran konflik. Salah satunya adalah yang diakibatkan oleh perebutan sumber daya energi seperti minyak bumi. Di dalamnya, terdapat kepentingan negara-negara besar seperti Amerika Serikat, Tiongkok, dan Rusia yang masing-masing memiliki cadangan minyak dalam sumur-sumur minyak. Ada fenomena yang kemudian dikenal sebagai peak oil, yang mana ketika harga minyak melambung tinggi akibat kelangkaan, bagaimanapun alasannya negara-negara yang terkait akan berperang dan konflik akan segera timbul. Hal ini berlaku dalam Timur Tengah yang selalu bergejolak atas berbagai kepentingan negara luar dalam aspek keamanan energinya. Sebagaimana yang telah dikatakan oleh Franklin D. Roosevelt pada salah seorang duta besar Inggris: “Persian oil … is yours. We share the oil of Iraq and Kuwait. As for Saudi Arabian oil, it's ours”. Ini menandakan bahwa AS tidak akan lepas tangan dari Timur Tengah begitu saja, di teluk Persia disiagakanlah Armada ke-5 Angkatan Laut AS untuk mengamankan sumber-sumber minyak dan gas yang dikuasai AS sebagai pemenuhan kebutuhan energi fosil yang akan terus meningkat dari masa ke masa. Sampai saat ini geopolitik kawasan Timur Tengah tidak dapat jauh dari pengaruh minyak bumi terhadap konstelasi hubungan antarnegara Timur Tengah dengan superpower dunia. AS sebagai hegemoni yang telah lama menguasai kawasan memiliki beragam strategi untuk mempertahankan sumber-sumbernya agar tidak jatuh di tangan kekuatan lainnya. Yang terjadi saat ini adalah AS mempertahankan sumber-sumbernya dari tangan ISIS, yang dipandang sebagai ancaman besar atas yang dimiliki di Irak dan Suriah. Ancaman yang tampak nyata sehingga AS harus turun tangan untuk menumpas pemberontakan yang dilakukan aktor semistate.    
Co-Authors AA Sudharmawan, AA Abdul Ghofar Abdul Ghofar Achmad Abdul Lathif Agus Sudayra Al Munir, Sipon Albinus Prima Indradi Almuchalif Suryo Amzidil Amzidil Andries Andries Anggreini, Monika Antoni Ludfi Arifin Bastari Bastari BASUKI ARIANTO Budiyanti, Fatwa CDB. Andries DAW, Martinus Eko G. Samudro Enggal Leksono Esra K. Sembiring Fardiansah, Ridwan Fatwa Budiyanti Fransisco G Samudro, Eko Haposan Simatupang Haposan Simatupang Hotma Ivan Sirait I Wayan Midhio I Wayan Midhio Jeffry D Ritiau Joko Nugroho Joni Widjayanto Joni Widjayanto Kertawidana, IDK Legionosuko, Tri Letjen Purn Dr. Wayan Midhio Marsono Marsono Marsono Martinus Dwi Arjanto Widodo Martua Sitompul Mei Rinta Sukma Firdaus Muhammad Hadianto Muhammad Nakir Muhammad Noor Gibran Nunik Nurul Khotimah Pander Eripson Sianipar Pratomo Sariadi Darwan Priyanto Priyanto Priyanto Priyanto Priyanto Raffi Muhammad Rahmawan Rd. Tuty Sariwulan Risman, Helda Rudi Laksono Sapta Priyanta Sitompul, Martua Sonny Ariefianto Sotardodo Siahaan Suharto, Priyanto Sukma Wijaya Sulistyanto, Sulistyanto Surya Iman Wahyudi Surya Iman Wahyudi Sutrimo Sumarlan Syamsiar, Syamsiar Syamsul Hilal Syamsul Hilal Teguh Wiratama Tirton Nefianto Tri Legionosuko W.TEDJA BHIRAWA Widjayanto, Joni Wirajuda, Muhammad Hadianto Yahya, Yudhi Yudhi Yahya