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All Journal HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia Primary: Jurnal Pendidikan Guru Sekolah Dasar Jurnal Redoks Jurnal Psikiatri Surabaya (Surabaya Psychiatry Journal) Jurnal Agro Fabrica Journal of Fisheries & Marine
Giyanto
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Diversity of Morphology, Physiologi, Biochemistry and Virulence of Xanthomonas citri sub sp. citri Causes Cancer in Citrus Kristi, Agusti; Mutaqin, Kikin Hamzah; Giyanto
Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia Vol. 18 No. 1 (2022): Januari 2022
Publisher : The Indonesian Phytopathological Society (Perhimpunan Fitopatologi Indonesia)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14692/jfi.18.1.29-42

Abstract

Kanker jeruk adalah penyakit penting tanaman jeruk di dunia, termasuk Indonesia. Identifikasi patogen oleh petani masih berdasarkan gejala penyakit, padahal patogen memiliki keragaman virulensi, patotipe, genetika, dan tanaman inang. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui keragaman morfologi, fisiologi, biokimia, molekuler, dan virulensi dari bakteri kanker jeruk. Bakteri diisolasi dari sampel lemon (Citrus limon), nipis (C. aurantifolia), purut (C. hystrix), siam (C. sinensis), dan fortunella (Fortunella margarita) yang menunjukkan gejala khas penyakit kanker di Bogor dan Kabupaten Lima Puluh Kota, Sumatera Barat. Karakteristik bakteri dilakukan berdasarkan morfologi, fisiologi, biokimia, dan molekuler menggunakan PCR primer universal, serta patogenisitas pada kultivar jeruk, yaitu lemon, nipis, purut, siam, dan fortunella. Sebanyak 16 galur bakteri patogen dari sampel tanaman jeruk menunjukkan gejala khas penyakit kanker. Koloni bakteri patogen beragam berdasarkan ukuran, warna, dan tekstur koloni; secara fisiologi dan biokimia juga beragam berdasarkan kemampuan protease, oksidase, hidrolisis kasein, dan hidrolisis pati; demikian juga patogenisitasnya pada empat kultivar jeruk juga beragam. Diketahui ada empat galur yang virulen (LB04, NP02, PB05, dan SP05) pada jeruk lemon, nipis, purut, dan siam dengan masa inkubasi 23–27 hari, insidensi 22.25–90.15%, dan keparahan 15.80–78.85%. Galur LB04 paling virulen berdasarkan nilai insidensi, keparahan, dan AUDPC; kultivar jeruk nipis paling rentan. Berdasarkan hasil analisis nukleotida gen 16S rRNA maka galur PB01 terkonfirmasi sebagai Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (MK121207.1) dengan homologi 99.7% sehingga termasuk patotipe A (Asiatik).
Suppression of Blast Disease in Rice Plants using Endophytic Fungus Nigrospora sp. Widodo, Widodo; Purnomo, Dyah Hariyanti; Giyanto; Wiyono, Suryo
Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia Vol. 18 No. 5 (2022): September 2022
Publisher : The Indonesian Phytopathological Society (Perhimpunan Fitopatologi Indonesia)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14692/jfi.18.5.195-204

Abstract

Penyakit blas merupakan salah satu penyakit penting yang dapat menyebabkan kehilangan hasil pada tanaman padi. Pengendalian penyakit dengan menggunakan varietas tahan dan penggunaan fungisida masih belum efektif karena tingginya variasi genetik patogen blas, yaitu cendawan Pyricularia oryzae. Pengendalian hayati di antaranya menggunakan cendawan endofit diharapkan mampu menjadi alternatif untuk menekan P. oryzae. Penelitian ini bertujuan menguji aplikasi perendaman dan penyemprotan cendawan endofit Nigrospora sp. dalam menekan penyakit blas. Percobaan dilakukan di dalam pot yang diletakkan di lapangan terbuka di Bogor dari bulan Februari sampai Oktober 2021. Aplikasi cendawan endofit yang diujikan meliputi perendaman benih, penyemprotan tajuk dan kombinasi keduanya. Sebagai pembanding digunakan tanaman yang diberi perlakuan fungisida berbahan aktif trisiklazol dan tanaman kontrol yang tidak diberi perlakuan. Pengamatan meliputi insidensi penyakit, keparahan penyakit dan kolonisasi cendawan endofit pada potongan daun. Meskipun insidensi penyakit mencapai 100% untuk semua perlakuan pada pengamatan terakhir (7 minggu setelah inokulasi), namun tingkat keparahannya tertekan oleh perlakuan Nigrospora sp. Cendawan endofit Nigrospora sp. mampu menekan keparahan penyakit blas daun sebesar 3.0%–25.3% dan blas leher sebesar 49.5%–61.6% jika dibandingkan dengan kontrol. Penekanan penyakit blas paling stabil mulai dari awal pengamatan sampai akhir pengamatan ditunjukkan oleh perlakuan kombinasi perendaman benih dengan penyemprotan Nigrospora sp. Kemampuan cendawan endofit dalam mengolonisasi tanaman padi pada perlakuan Nigrospora sp. berkisar 40.0%–55.6%.
Population of Soil Nematodes in The Treatment of Brassicaceae Plant Waste Ibrahim, Ahmad Yusuf; Supramana; Giyanto
Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia Vol 19 No 1 (2023): Januari 2023
Publisher : The Indonesian Phytopathological Society (Perhimpunan Fitopatologi Indonesia)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14692/jfi.19.1.19-29

Abstract

Tanaman famili Brassicaceae diketahui mengandung glukosinolat yang dapat terhidrolisis menjadi senyawa yang bersifat biofumigan. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menguji pengaruh biofumigasi limbah tanaman Brassicaceae terhadap dinamika populasi nematoda tanah. Percobaan rumah kaca dilakukan pada empat jenis limbah tanaman Brassicaceae, yaitu limbah daun lobak (Raphanus sativus), brokoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica), kubis (Brassica oleracea var. capitata), dan seluruh bagian gulma kamanilan (Roripa indica) dalam pot berisi 5 L tanah terinfestasi nematoda. Limbah tanaman dicacah berukuran ±1 cm, sebanyak 117 g per pot dicampurkan dalam tanah terinfestasi nematoda, disiram air hingga basah, dan ditutup rapat untuk proses biofumigasi selama 14 hari. Pot dibiarkan terbuka selama 3-5 hari, ditanami bibit mentimun varietas Roberto 92 berumur 7 hari, dan dipelihara di rumah kaca hingga 8 minggu setelah tanam. Pengamatan jenis dan populasi nematoda tanah dilakukan tiga kali, yaitu sebelum perlakuan, setelah perlakuan, dan 8 minggu setelah tanam. Percobaan ini disusun dalam rancangan acak lengkap dengan 6 perlakuan dan 5 ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terjadi peningkatan nematoda free-living (nematoda bakteriovora dan nematoda fungivora) pada seluruh perlakuan limbah tanaman Brassicaceae. Sebaliknya, terjadi penurunan populasi fitonematoda secara nyata pada perlakuan limbah daun brokoli. Semua jenis limbah tanaman Brassicaceae dapat menekan populasi fitonematoda Helicotylenchus sp., Rotylenchulus sp., dan Xiphinema sp., secara nyata. Limbah daun brokoli menunjukkan nilai penghambatan tertinggi terhadap seluruh genus fitonematoda dengan penghambatan mencapai 100%.
Character Diversity of Black Rot Bacterial Strains (Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris) on Cabbage against Mixture of Active Ingredients Azoxystrobin and Diphenoconazole Af'idzatuttama; Nawangsih, Abdjad Asih; Giyanto
Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia Vol 19 No 2 (2023): Maret 2023
Publisher : The Indonesian Phytopathological Society (Perhimpunan Fitopatologi Indonesia)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14692/jfi.19.2.45-56

Abstract

Character Diversity of Black Rot Bacterial Strains (Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris) on Cabbage against Mixture of Active Ingredients Azoxystrobin and Diphenoconazole Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris is a bacterium that causes black rot on cabbage. Farmers still rely on the synthetic pesticides azoxystrobin and difenoconazole to control diseases in cabbage which are feared to have an impact on the diversity of X. campestris pv. campestris. The objective of the research was to obtain genetic and phenotypic diversity data on X. campestris pv. campestris, as well as obtaining data on the resistance response of these bacterial isolates to a mixture of the active ingredients azoxystrobin and difenoconazole. The study consisted of five stages (1) sampling on land with black rot symptoms; (2) isolation of bacteria using tissue implant technique; (3) selection of isolates by testing properties of Gram, hypersensitivity, starch hydrolysis, and pathogenicity; (4) identification using specific and universal 16S rRNA primers; and (5) analysis of genotypic diversity by in silico RFLP method and phenotypic diversity by measuring EPS weight. The results of molecular characterization and identification obtained five isolates of X. campestris pv. campestris (CLT01, CDA08, SDA02, SDA22, and SDA26). The results of the analysis of genotypic diversity showed that the five isolates had genetic diversity based on the cutting of the 16S rRNA gene DNA fragment, while phenotypically indicated different Inhibition concentration (IC) values. SDA22 isolate had the highest IC50 value and different genetic diversity compared to other X. campestris pv. campestris. The use of synthetic pesticides azoxystrobin and difenoconazole continuously for a long time is feared to have an impact on pathogenic microbes such as X. campestris pv. campestris. So that other control alternatives are needed so that there is no resistance to these pathogenic microbes.
Yield Loss Due to Tuber Rot and Identification of the Causal Agents in Sweet Potatoes in Cilimus District, Kuningan Regency, West Java Province Zahra, Atiqah Luthfi Anawati; Giyanto; Widodo
Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia Vol. 18 No. 6 (2022): November 2022
Publisher : The Indonesian Phytopathological Society (Perhimpunan Fitopatologi Indonesia)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14692/jfi.18.6.239-247

Abstract

Pada tahun 2019 terjadi peningkatan insidensi busuk umbi pada tanaman ubi jalar bersamaan dengan musim hujan berkepanjangan yang melanda sebagian besar Pulau Jawa sehingga menyebabkan kehilangan hasil. Salah satu daerah yang terdampak ialah Kecamatan Cilimus, Kabupaten Kuningan, Provinsi Jawa Barat. Penelitian dilakukan untuk menghitung kehilangan hasil ubi jalar yang diakibatkan oleh permasalahan busuk umbi dan mengidentifikasi penyebabnya di Kecamatan Cilimus. Kehilangan hasil akibat busuk umbi berkisar 4.3% dan 19.7% dengan rata-rata 9.4%. Jika disandingkan dengan data penurunan produksi ubi jalar di Kecamatan Cilimus dari tahun 2018 sampai tahun 2021 maka permasalahan busuk umbi tersebut menunjukkan peran yang penting terhadap penurunan produksi di daerah tersebut. Hasil identifikasi patogen mengonfirmasi Ralstonia solanacearum sebagai bakteri penyebab busuk umbi. Berdasarkan gejala morfologi diketahui bahwa R. solanacearum menjadi penyebab utama permasalahan busuk umbi (56.8%), diikuti oleh hama Cylas formicarius (29.1%), dan kombinasi keduanya (14.1%). Pola tanam dan teknik budi daya yang dilakukan oleh petani diduga memicu perkembangan permasalahan busuk umbi di area penelitian tersebut.
Composition of Functional Bacteria on Suppressive and Conducive Soil for Fusarium Wilt on Chilli Amara, Khansa; Giyanto; Widodo; Sudiana, I Made
Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia Vol 19 No 5 (2023): September 2023
Publisher : The Indonesian Phytopathological Society (Perhimpunan Fitopatologi Indonesia)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14692/jfi.19.5.215-229

Abstract

Composition of Functional Bacteria on Suppressive and Conducive Soil for Fusarium Wilt on Chilli The phenomenon of suppressive soil has been widely studied to control plant diseases in the field. Suppresive soil is characterized by its contain of functional microbes that can suppress pathogen populations. This study aims to determine and compare the composition of functional bacteria on suppressive and conducive soil of fusarium wilt. The research method consists of soil sampling in the field, isolation of functional bacteria from suppressive soil (SS) and conducive soil (CS) samples, calculation of bacterial population and type, biosafety screening, and characterization of functional bacteria in suppressing of Fusarium oxysporum. The results showed that the bacterial population in SS was higher than those in CS, especially for heat-tolerant bacteria and the fluorescent Pseudomonads. The high population of bacteria is supported by the high value of functional bacterial diversity in SS (H’ 3.70 > 3) compared to CS, which is classified as medium (1 < H’ 2.07 < 3), with the distribution of functional bacteria classified as almost evenly distributed and no dominance of certain types in SS and CS. The percentage of nonpathogenic bacteria in SS is higher than in CS, i.e. 51% and 23%, respectively. These bacteria have potential as plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB) by producing IAA or dissolving phosphate alone of 24% and 10%, respectively in suppressive soils; and of 14% and 29%, respectively in conducive soils. Only bacteria derived from suppressive soils were able to produce IAA while dissolving phosphate with a percentage of as much as 48%.
Effectiveness of the Bioactive Compound from Metagenomic Library Clones as Biocontrol of Meloidogyne incognita and Plant Growth Promoter: Effectiveness of the Bioactive Compound from Metagenomic Library Clones as Biocontrol of Meloidogyne incognita and Plant Growth Promoter Sembiring, Ade Indra Maulana; Giyanto; Supramana
Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia Vol. 20 No. 2 (2024): Maret 2024
Publisher : The Indonesian Phytopathological Society (Perhimpunan Fitopatologi Indonesia)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14692/jfi.20.2.66-76

Abstract

Metagenomik merupakan teknik untuk mengeksplorasi sumber daya kekayaan genetik mikrob pada suatu lingkungan, termasuk mikrob yang dapat berperan sebagai agens biokontrol. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui keefektifan senyawa bioaktif yang dihasilkan oleh isolat klon pustaka metagenomik asal kakao (PMP7, PMC8, PMS14, PMC3, PMC13, PMC14, dan PMS11) sebagai agens pengendalian nematoda puru akar Meloidogyne incognita dan pemacu pertumbuhan tanaman. Pengujian in vitro dilakukan menggunakan filtrat senyawa bioaktif dari tujuh klon pustaka metagenomik terhadap juvenil 2 nematoda pada cawan petri. Nematoda yang diberi perlakuan senyawa bioaktif diinkubasikan pada suhu 27 ℃ dan diamati mortalitasnya pada 24 jam setelah perlakuan. Karakterisasi fisiologi yang dilakukan terhadap isolat adalah pengujian produksi HCN, enzim kitinase, dan enzim protease. Pengujian secara in planta dilakukan pada pada tanaman mentimun var. Kitoh yang ditanam pada polibag. Nematoda juvenil 2 diinfestasikan pada masing-masing polibag dan perlakuan senyawa bioaktif diberikan dengan menyiramkan suspensi pada 14 dan 30 hari setelah tanam. Pengamatan dilakukan setiap minggu hingga puru terbentuk pada perakaran tanaman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tujuh isolat klon pustaka metagenomik memiliki kemampuan nematisidal dengan tingkat mortalitas in vitro mencapai 96%–100% dan mampu memproduksi enzim protease dengan indeks proteolitik mencapai 0.13-0.6. Pada uji in planta isolat PMS11 mampu menekan keparahan puru akar dengan keefektifan penekanan mencapai 54.63%. Dua isolat, yaitu PMC8 dan PMS14 memiliki kemampuan memacu pertumbuhan tanaman yang terbaik.
Studi Kualitas Kimia Air Pada Kawasan Mangrove Hutan Lindung Air Telang Kabupaten Banyuasin Jumingin; dewi, Dewi Rosanti; Giyanto; Kamisah; Rahmawati
Jurnal Redoks Vol. 10 No. 1 (2025): REDOKS JANUARI - JUNI
Publisher : Universitass PGRI Palembang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31851/redoks.v10i1.17811

Abstract

Penelitian tentang studi kualitas kimia air pada kawasan mangrove Hutan Lindung Air Telang Kabupaten Banyuasin telah  dilakukan dari bulan Juli hingga November 2024, untuk membandingkan kualitas air sungai Musi melalui sifat kimia, pada 5 stasiun berdasarkan tipe vegetasi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode survei dengan menentukan pengambilan sampel bahan uji dan mengukur kualitas air yang dilakukan dengan purposive sampling, disesuaikan dengan zonasi mangrove. Stasiun pertama di kawasan pasir timbul, stasiun kedua di  zona Avicennia, stasiun ketiga di zona Sonneratia, stasiun keempat di zona Nypa dan stasiun kelima dizona Rhizophora.Analisis data dilakukan di laboratorium Dinas Lingkungan Hidup dan Pertanahan Provinsi Sumatera Selatan meliputi sifat kimia (DO, COD dan BOD). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kualitas air secara kimia di kawasan mangrove Hutan Lindung Air Telang memenuhi baku mutu air kelas II, sehingga sangat baik untuk kehidupan biota akuatik yang dalam pengembangannya dapat dijadikan sebagai kawasan pertambakan. Kata Kunci:  Mangrove, BOD, COD, DO
Endophytic Actinomycetes of Liliaceae Plants as Biocontrol Agents of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cepae Causes of Basal Plate Rot Disease on Shallots Marianah, Lisa; Munif, Abdul; Giyanto; Tondok, Efi Toding; Nawangsih, Abdjad Asih
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 32 No. 1 (2025): January 2025
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.4308/hjb.32.1.241-253

Abstract

Basal plate rot disease is one of the critical diseases in shallot plants. Control using synthetic chemical fungicides is still unable to overcome this problem, and it hurts the environment and reduces the population of essential microbes in plants. Endophytic actinomycetes have potential as biocontrol agents. They are reported to be able to inhibit the growth of pathogens, induce plant resistance, produce cell wall degrading enzymes, and promote growth. This research aims to obtain endophytic actinomycete isolates that have the potential to inhibit the growth of the fungus Fusarium. oxysporum f.sp. cepae causes of basal plate rot disease in shallot, and evaluate its inhibitory mechanism. Endophytic actinomycetes were isolated from tubers and roots of Liliaceae plants collected from shallots-production center area. The isolate obtained was tested for biosafety and continued with its inhibitory effectiveness against the fungus F. oxysporum f.sp. cepae in vitro, ability to induce resistance, and plant growth promotion test. The six best isolates were selected based on weighting using AHP and identified molecularly. The endophytic actinomycetes of Liliaceae plants can inhibit the growth of F. oxysporum f.sp. cepae up to 63.49% with an antibiosis mechanism, producing chitinase enzymes that cause lysis, induce resistance, and produce growth hormones such as IAA. Streptomyces sp. can inhibit the fungus F. oxysporum f.sp. cepae causes basal plate rot disease on shallot by producing antifungal compounds and chitinase enzymes, inducing resistance, and producing growth hormone.
Effect of LAI Antipsychotics on Relapse Frequency and Adverse Drug Events of Schizophrenia Patients Sabar Parluhutan Siregar; Giyanto; Surya Sevriana, Ery; Pangestuti, Rayi Citra Ayu; Dewi, Wahyu Ratna
Jurnal Psikiatri Surabaya Vol. 14 No. 1 (2025): May
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/jps.v14i1.62938

Abstract

Introduction: Non-adherence to oral antipsychotic medication is common in schizophrenia patients, and it is very likely to lead to recurrence. Whereas the frequency of recurrence in schizophrenia is associated with poorer long-term outcomes and disease progression. The use of long-acting injectable (LAI) antipsychotics has become a favorable approach in the management of schizophrenia, especially to reduce relapse rates and minimize treatment-related side effects. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of using LAI antipsychotics, specifically fluphenazine decanoate, on the relapse rate of schizophrenia patients as well as to assess the potential associated side effects. Methods: This study was a quantitative analytical study design with a retrospective cohort approach involving 1102 schizophrenia patients in RSJ Prof. Dr. Soerojo Magelang who received LAI therapy (fluphenazine decanoate) in various administration frequencies and time intervals. Data on relapse frequency and adverse drug events were obtained from medical records and adverse drug events yellow forms. The bivariate test used was a Wilcoxon signed rank test. Results: The results showed that 77.86% of respondents received LAI with an administration interval ≥ 180 days, and 92% received LAI with low administration frequency (1–5 times). There was a significant decrease between the frequency of relapse in schizophrenia patients and the incidence of drug side effects before and after the administration of antipsychotic LAI. Conclusions: In this study, it was found that the use of antipsychotic LAI (fluphenazine decanoate) can significantly reduce the frequency of relapse and the incidence of adverse drug events in schizophrenia patients.
Co-Authors Abdjad Asih Nawangsih Abdul Ghoni ABDUL MUNIF Abidin, Anugrawati Abrar , Muhammad Af'idzatuttama Amara, Khansa dewi, Dewi Rosanti Dewi, Wahyu Ratna Edi Hamdi Efi Toding Tondok I Made Sudiana Ibrahim, Ahmad Yusuf Indradewa, Rhian Jumingin Kamisah Khusna, Faridatul Kikin H Mutaqin Kristi, Agusti Marianah, Lisa Pada Mulia Raja Pangestuti, Rayi Citra Ayu Purnomo, Dyah Hariyanti Rahmawati Rikoh Manogar Siringoringo Riyanti RR. Ella Evrita Hestiandari Sabar Parluhutan Siregar Sari Nurulita Sari, Ni Wayan Purnama Sembiring, Ade Indra Maulana SRI HENDRASTUTI HIDAYAT Supramana Surya Sevriana, Ery Suryo Wiyono Widodo Widodo Widodo Zahra, Atiqah Luthfi Anawati