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All Journal IAES International Journal of Artificial Intelligence (IJ-AI) Jurnal Spektran Jurnal Transportasi Eksplorium : Buletin Pusat Pengembangan Bahan Galian Nuklir Reka Buana : Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Sipil dan Teknik Kimia CSID Journal of Infrastructure Development (CSID-JID) Smart City Makara Journal of Technology Eksplorium : Buletin Pusat Pengembangan Bahan Galian Nuklir CSID Journal of Infrastructure Development
Mohammed Ali Berawi
Universitas Indonesia
Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Computer Science & IT Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Earth & Planetary Sciences Economics, Econometrics & Finance Electrical & Electronics Engineering Energy Engineering Environmental Science Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Materials Science & Nanotechnology Mechanical Engineering Social Sciences Transportation

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Advancing Construction Practices: Innovations, Efficiency, and Safety in The Digital Era Berawi, Mohammed Ali; Miraj, Perdana; Sari, Mustika
CSID Journal of Infrastructure Development Vol. 7, No. 2
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

In the ever-changing landscape of the construction industry, digital tools and procedures are a cornerstone of architectural and engineering practices. Building Information Modeling (BIM) and other computational design methodologies transform how projects are imagined, planned, and executed. These tools improve design precision while allowing real-time collaboration across different teams. As a result, adopting digital approaches is no longer an option but rather a requirement for remaining competitive in the construction industry. These innovative approaches provide an in-depth understanding of project complexities, drive design optimization, and contribute to resource management efficiency. Construction efficiency has also improved due to lean manufacturing processes and process optimization techniques. These approaches emphasize waste reduction, improved workflows, and increased productivity, which are critical to meeting project timelines and budgets. In this age of technology, combining lean methods with advanced software tools empowers project teams by allowing them to accomplish more with less effort and cultivating a culture of continuous improvement. By combining traditional lean strategies with current digital tools, the construction industry is setting new benchmarks for operational efficiency. Safety and stakeholder involvement are other important factors that benefit greatly from technology improvements in the construction industry. Enhanced safety measures, backed by digital technology, ensure that safety practices are strictly followed and monitored. Furthermore, digital platforms boost stakeholder engagement by giving all parties—from project managers and workers to investors and clients—access to real-time data and analytics. This transparency not only builds confidence but also guarantees that everyone engaged is aware of safety requirements and the progress of the project. This collaborative environment is critical for detecting potential risks early on and encouraging a proactive attitude to workplace safety. In addition to technological and methodological developments, the construction industry is becoming more focused on resilience and sustainability. Climate change and environmental sustainability require construction approaches that not only reduce environmental effects but also assure infrastructure resilience when unforeseen events occur. Sustainable practices are being integrated into project lifecycles to reduce carbon footprints, increase energy efficiency, and use environmentally friendly materials. Digital tools are critical in this effort, from optimizing resource consumption to allowing for the simulation of environmental implications during the design stage.
Citizen and Technology: The Core in Developing Human-Centric Smart Cities Berawi, Mohammed Ali; Sari, Mustika; Miraj, Perdana
CSID Journal of Infrastructure Development Vol. 7, No. 3
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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As urbanization continues to grow, the development of smart cities has become a pivotal strategy for addressing the complex challenges of modern urban living. These cities harness advanced technologies like the artificial intelligence (AI), Internet of Things (IoT), and Digital Twin to optimize city operations, improve sustainability, and enhance the quality of life for their residents. However, the success of smart cities should not be measured by the sheer quantity of hardware and software implemented but rather by the quality of life they create for the people who live and work within them. In other words, smart cities must prioritize human well-being as a core goal alongside technological advancement. In a smart city, hardware encompasses the physical infrastructure and devices, such as sensors, data centers, communication networks, energy grids, and other tangible components that gather data, facilitate communication, and support the city's operations. The software includes the digital systems, algorithms, and applications that process and analyze data, which facilitate decision-making, predictive analysis, and automation. However, neither hardware nor software can operate well without brainware, the human operators who oversee, maintain, and interact with these systems, as well as the citizens who utilize the smart city services offered. For a smart city to be successful, its brainware must possess the requisite knowledge, skills, and mindset to manage the technologies and adapt to their dynamic nature. It involves ensuring that city planners, public officers, and citizens are not merely passive consumers of technology but active participants who understand how to utilize the available resources to enhance their lives and communities. Smart citizens can interact with surrounding technology, which enable informed decision-making and enhancing the sustainability and governance of the city. Likewise, smart operators overseeing smart systems must have the skills to analyze data, resolve problems, and make decisions that improve the efficiency and safety of urban operations. Brainware is vital for maintaining the smart city ecosystem, since human decision-making and oversight are important for the successful integration of technology. Therefore, city operators must possess the ability to comprehend and adapt to emerging technologies and complex systems so that the seamless functioning of all smart city systems can be guaranteed. To acquire brainware, a holistic strategy in education and training is needed, which includes building technological literacy and developing critical thinking, problem-solving, and collaborative skills. Moreover, it is also essential to ensure that all citizens, irrespective of their age, background, or digital literacy, are included in the smart city ecosystem by providing equitable access to technology and information. Therefore, community participation can be encouraged and citizens’ digital literacy of citizens can be improved, which can further enable collective decision-making and responsible resources use. Consequently, the development of smart cities should not solely be limited only on the hardware and software but should also prioritize the development of brainware. We can establish cities that are not only technologically advanced but also socially inclusive by guaranteeing that the city operators are trained and that citizens are empowered to interact with the smart city technologies. A comprehensive approach that integrates hardware, software, and brainware will ensure the development of smart cities that are inclusive, resilient, and capable of safeguarding a sustainable future for urban living.
Circular Thinking In A Technological Age: Designing For A Regenerative Future Berawi, Mohammed Ali; Miraj, Perdana; Sari, Mustika
CSID Journal of Infrastructure Development Vol. 8, No. 1
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

Architecture, engineering, and construction sector is experiencing challenges related to environment and economic aspects. It consumes vast amounts of resources and energy and contributes heavily to global carbon emissions. Academics and industry leaders are trying to explore various strategies to combat climate change by shifting toward circularity. It is a systems-based approach that prioritizes regenerative design, responsible consumption, and closed-loop resource use. At the heart of this shift lies the interplay between circularity, technology, and the environment that can reshape how we live, produce, and consume. But this transformation is not simply about adopting greener practices; it’s about rethinking the role of innovation in creating systems that can sustain our lives. Circular economy (CE) is not just a sustainability trend; it is an emerging as a smart business model that balances environmental responsibility with sufficient profitability. It challenges businesses and cities alike to ask: how can we design products that are repairable, cities that are resource-aware, and systems that regenerate rather than deplete? Just as "brainware" is central to the success of smart cities, CE demands informed decision-makers, consumers, and designers who can navigate complexity and rethink waste as opportunity. By rethinking material flows and closing resource loops, CE offers a practical alternative to the outdated "take, make, dispose" mindset. Robust policy and legal frameworks for implementing the economic system by providing incentives and mitigating barriers are required to be issued by government, as well as business industries need to produce added value via eco-friendly products and services, and positive behaviors. Technology that is combined with circular principles has the potential to accelerate our transition toward more sustainable living. Advanced technologies in the past years have make it easier for people to achieve towards circular transformation. For instance, Internet of Things allow us to give digital life to physical objects, tracking them from creation to disassembly. Artificial Intelligence can then analyze this information to find the best ways to repair, remanufacture, or recycle them. These tools are incredibly powerful, but they are just tools. They have no purpose or direction without human guidance. Their ultimate success depends entirely on how people choose to use them. Technology solutions can be used to integrate CE principles from the design to the operation stages. The technological revolution has made it possible to transform entire systems of production, management, and governance into more effective and efficient systems. CE is not built by technology but a combination of different roles from the people. It is driven by human who think about a product’s second and third life before it is even made. It is shaped by business leaders who have the courage to shift from selling disposable units to providing durable services. It is guided by policymakers who create rules that make it easier and more profitable to reuse materials than to discard them. And it is powered by a skilled workforce that can operate the advanced systems required for remanufacturing and recycling. CE and technology cannot function without the active participation of its citizens. By placing humanity at the core of this vision, we ensure that we are not just building a more efficient system, but a more resilient, equitable, and prosperous world. CE is not built by technology but a combination of different roles from the people. It is driven by human who think about a product’s second and third life before it is even made. It is shaped by business leaders who have the courage to shift from selling disposable units to providing durable services. It is guided by policymakers who create rules that make it easier and more profitable to reuse materials than to discard them. And it is powered by a skilled workforce that can operate the advanced systems required for remanufacturing and recycling. CE and technology cannot function without the active participation of its citizens. By placing humanity at the core of this vision, we ensure that we are not just building a more efficient system, but also a more resilient, equitable, and prosperous world.
Moving From Feasible Solutions to Sustainable Systems in The Built Environment Berawi, Mohammed Ali; Sari, Mustika; Miraj, Perdana
CSID Journal of Infrastructure Development Vol. 8, No. 2
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

The built environment plays a crucial role in global sustainability efforts. Buildings, infrastructure, and cities consume large amounts of energy and materials that shape social behavior, and lock in environmental impacts. Over the past two decades, research has produced a wide range of technical solutions to reduce these impacts. Renewable energy systems, energy-efficient buildings, alternative construction materials, and new construction methods are no longer experimental concepts. Many have proven technical and economic potential. Yet, real-world transformation remains slow and uneven. This gap suggests that sustainability challenges in the built environment are no longer driven by a lack of technology. Instead, they are shaped by how technologies are adopted, governed, financed, and embedded within existing systems. The papers in this issue tried to understand this challenge from different scales and contexts. Together, they show that sustainability is best understood as a socio-technical transition, where technical solutions must align with institutions, markets, spatial structures, and human practices.
Smart Building Rating System: A Comparative Analysis of National and International Rating Systems Hamidah, Amanah; Berawi, Mohammed Ali; Sari, Mustika; Saroji, Gunawan
CSID Journal of Infrastructure Development Vol. 8, No. 2
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Smart buildings have become a key part of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, driven by the need for efficient, sustainable, and adaptive built environments. Their importance is growing alongside Indonesia’s effort to develop smart cities. This study compares Indonesia’s national smart building certification system, established under Ministerial Regulation No. 10 of 2023, with two international systems: the European Union’s Smart Readiness Indicator (SRI) and the SmartScore certification. The analysis uses a literature review and comparative method to examine each system’s assessment criteria, scoring method, and certification tier. The findings show that Indonesia’s regulation includes six parameters, such as cybersecurity and operational management. SRI covers nine technical domains with emphasis on energy efficiency and occupant comfort. SmartScore focuses on user functionality and technological foundation. The comparison shows both overlap and variation in technical coverage, sustainability goals, and adaptability to climate and user needs. Although Indonesia’s system is comprehensive, it would benefit from closer alignment with international standards and stronger regulatory support to improve adoption and building performance. This study recommends more government incentives, better infrastructure, and stronger stakeholder education to support smart building development in Indonesia.
DECARBONIZING ELECTRICAL SUBSTATIONS: AN INTEGRATIVE REVIEW OF GREEN TECHNOLOGIES AND SUSTAINABLE PRACTICES ACROSS THE INFRASTRUCTURE LIFE CYCLE Ali, Sulthan Syah; Berawi, Mohammed Ali; Sari, Mustika
Smart City
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Decarbonization of electrical infrastructure s becoming increasingly important in efforts to meet climate change mitigation targets, particularly in reducing emissions from substations. However, conventional substations continue to release significant quantities of GHG emissions throughout their life cycle As an example, a typical 500 kV substation emits around 150,000 tCO2e from construction to decommissioning. In addition, the development of green substation concepts remains limited, particularly in Indonesia where standardized approaches are not yet established. In response to the need for more sustainable power infrastructure, this study aims to identify, classify, and review all types of green technologies, practices, and innovations that can enhance conventional substation design, with the aim of reducing life cycle greenhouse gas emissions. An integrative literature review was conducted by synthesizing recent peer-reviewed studies related to green technologies and sustainable infrastructure. The identified technologies are categorized into seven groups, including Green materials, Efficient Construction Methods, Water Management, Thermal Management, Renewable Energy, Smart Monitoring System, and Low-Emission Equipment. The findings indicate that several technologies, such as Geopolymer Concrete as a replacement of Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) Concrete, prefabricated construction to replace concrete columns and beams, implementation of passive design strategies for the substation building, and photovoltaic (PV) integration on substation roof to partially replace the grid electricity consumption have significant potential to reduce the GHG emissions across the substation life cycle. Overall, this study provides a comprehensive overview of green technologies, practices, and innovations that can be proposed as practical recommendations for the implementation in substation, contributing to the development of sustainable power infrastructure.
A Smart Contract Framework for Project Financing in Gold Mining Operations: Implications for Improved Financial Forecasting Priskilla, Silvia Lydia; Berawi, Mohammed Ali; Sari, Mustika, Dr.
Smart City
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

Gold mining projects are characterized by high capital intensity and significant operational variability, making financial forecasting particularly sensitive to the quality and timing of cash-flow data. In practice, conventional financing systems rely on multi-stage administrative processes that create delays between work completion and payment realization, reducing the reliability of financial records used for investment evaluation. This study aims to develop a smart contract-based financing framework to improve the accuracy of profitability projections in gold mining projects. A case study approach is employed using operational and financial data from a mining project in Sumatra over the period 2023–2026. The analysis combines archival data evaluation, expert survey, and financial simulation using Net Present Value (NPV) as the primary performance indicator. The results show that the existing system generates payment delays of approximately 28–30 days, contributing to unstable cash-flow patterns. By implementing a smart contract mechanism, verification time can be reduced by 30–60%, resulting in approximately 25% improvement in cash-inflow timing. Although total revenue remains unchanged, the earlier realization of cash flows leads to an increase in NPV from USD 114.07 million under the conventional system to between USD 115.01 million and USD 118.41 million, representing an improvement of up to 3.81%. These findings demonstrate that improvements in financial performance are not solely dependent on increasing production or revenue but can also be achieved by optimizing the timing and reliability of financial transactions. The proposed framework highlights the potential of smart contract-based systems to enhance both operational efficiency and financial accuracy in complex project environments.
Building Resilient and Sustainable Built Environments Through Climate Adaptation, Digital Innovation, and Infrastructure Governance Berawi, Mohammed Ali; Sari, Mustika; Miraj, Perdana
CSID Journal of Infrastructure Development
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

The built environment has become one of the most important arenas for responding to climate change, resource pressure, and rapid urban transformation. Cities, infrastructure networks, buildings, and construction projects are no longer expected only to provide physical services. They are also expected to reduce environmental impact, protect communities from disruption, support economic activity, and remain useful under uncertain future conditions. This expectation places resilience and sustainability at the center of infrastructure development. Resilience refers to the capacity of built systems to anticipate shocks, absorb pressure, recover from damage, and continue functioning. Sustainability asks whether those systems can do so while using resources responsibly, reducing emissions, and supporting social wellbeing over the long term. Both concepts are strongly connected, but they are not interchangeable. A drainage system may reduce flood exposure but still fail as a sustainable solution if it ignores land use change, ecological function, or maintenance capacity. A new material may reduce cement consumption but cannot be adopted widely unless its strength, durability, safety, and economic value are demonstrated. In this sense, resilient and sustainable development is not only a matter of better design. It is a matter of how knowledge, institutions, technology, finance, and human capacity are brought together. Digital innovation has expanded what can be measured and managed in the built environment. Weather radar, drone photogrammetry, geospatial platforms, smart city applications, sensor networks, hydraulic modelling, Building Information Modelling, and enterprise resource planning systems allow engineers, planners, governments, and contractors to see risks and project conditions with greater detail. These tools can improve decision making, support coordination, and make infrastructure performance more transparent. However, technology does not remove the need for judgement. Rainfall radar still needs calibration. Flood dashboards still need reliable sensors and inclusive access. Enterprise systems still need capable users. Smart city platforms still need institutions that can respond to the information they receive. This is why infrastructure governance has become inseparable from climate adaptation. Better data will not reduce risk if planning systems cannot act on it. Digital platforms will not create resilience if they remain disconnected from land use control, investment priorities, public participation, and maintenance systems. Safety plans will not protect workers if they are not supported by budget allocation, supervision, and organizational discipline. Sustainable construction will not advance if new materials remain outside standards, procurement systems, and professional practice. Climate adaptation therefore depends not only on technical solutions, but also on the ability of institutions and project actors to translate evidence into action. The current challenge for the built environment is not a lack of innovation. Many promising tools and methods already exist. The larger challenge is whether these innovations can be made reliable, inclusive, affordable, and useful in real contexts. Resilient and sustainable built environments will emerge when digital tools strengthen governance, when sustainability claims are supported by technical evidence, when project management includes long term risk, and when communities are considered not only as beneficiaries but also as users of infrastructure systems.
Co-Authors Abd Karim, Saipol Bari Bin Abdur Rohim Boy Berawi Abdur Rohim Boy Berawi Akhmad Dofir Albert Eddy Husin Ali, Sulthan Syah Anak Agung Istri Sri Wiadnyani Andreas, Azaria Antonius Ivan, Antonius Bambang Susantono Bambang Susantono Bari, Saipol Bintoro, Ristu Bramono, Novi Triadi Iman Eko Adhi Setiawan Erwin Tobing, Erwin Hamidah, Amanah Hamzah Abdul-Rahman, Hamzah Herawati Zetha Rahman Hibrah Hibrah Ineswari Syifa Hayuningtiyas, Ineswari Syifa Isti Surjandari Isti Surjandari Prajitno, Isti Surjandari Jachrizal Sumabrata Jade Sjafrecia Petroceany Karim, Saipol Bari Bin Abd Kim, Amy Leni Sagita Supriadi, Leni Muhammad Alkausar Mustika Sari Mustika Sari, Mustika Nahry Nahry Nunik Madyaningarum Nunik Madyaningarum, Nunik Nyoman Suwartha Nyoman Suwartha Perdana Miraj Petroceany, Jade S. Priskilla, Silvia Lydia Raden Sumabrata, Raden Rahman, Herawati Z. Rarasati, Ayomi Dita Rizka Wulan Triadji Sari, Mustika, Dr. Saroji, Gunawan Sesmiwati Sigit Hadiwardoyo, Sigit Sigit P. Hadiwardoyo Susilowati, Suci I. Susilowati, Suci Indah Sutrasno Kartohardjono Suyono Dikun T. Yuri Zagloel, T. Yuri Teuku Yuri M. Zagloel Titaheluw, Wellsi Tommy Ilyas Yusuf Abdurachman Yusuf Latief