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Paulina N. Gunawan
Universitas Sam Ratulangi
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemistry Dentistry Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Materials Science & Nanotechnology Medicine & Pharmacology Physics Public Health

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PENGARUH PENYULUHAN CARA MENYIKAT GIGI TERHADAP INDEKS PLAK GIGI PADA SISWA SD INPRES LAPANGAN Pantow, Claudiette Brigita; Warouw, Sarah M.; Gunawan, Paulina N.
e-GiGi Vol 2, No 2 (2014): e-GiGi
Publisher : Universitas Sam Ratulangi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35790/eg.2.2.2014.6341

Abstract

Abstract: Dental health education conducted to the elementary school students is one of promotive effort to increase oral and dental health. The aim of this study was to know the influence of dental health education about tooth-brushing method toward dental plaque index in the elementary school students of Inpres Lapangan. Research was done in Inpres Lapangan elementary school using quasy experimental method. Samples were taken using total sampling method in a total of 50 respondents. This research used Wilcoxon statistical analysis test. The result showed that before dental health education conducted to the students dental plaque index was moderate category after dental health education conducted, dental plaque index increased to good category. Wilcoxon analysis test showed value of significance p<0,001. This statistical analysis concluded that there was influence of dental health education about tooth brushing method toward dental plaque index of the elementary students in Inpres LapanganKeywords: dental health education,tooth brushing method,plaque indexAbstrak: Penyuluhan cara menyikat gigi pada siswa sekolah dasar merupakan salah satu upaya promotif dalam meningkatkan kesehatan gigi dan mulut anak. Tujuan penelitian ini ialah untuk mengetahui pengaruh penyuluhan cara menyikat gigi terhadap indeks plak gigi pada siswa SD Inpres Lapangan. Penelitian dilakukan di SD Inpres Lapangan, dengan menggunakan metode penelitian quasy eksperimental. Jumlah sampel yang diambil sebanyak 50 siswa dengan teknik pengambilan sampel yaitu total sampling. Penelitian ini menggunakan uji analisis statistik Wilcoxon. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebelum dilakukan penyuluhan cara menyikat gigi indeks plak awal ialah kategori sedang dan setelah dilakukan penyuluhan cara menyikat gigi indeks plak akhir ialah kategori baik. Hasil uji analisis statistik Wilcoxon ini menunjukkan p<0,001. Hasil analisis ini menunjukan ada pengaruh yang bermakna dari penyuluhan cara menyikat gigi terhadap indeks plak gigi pada siswa SD Inpres Lapangan.Kata kunci: penyuluhan kesehatan gigi, cara menyikat gigi, indeks plak
Hubungan antara Gigi Berjejal dan Status Gizi pada Remaja Andries, Agnes M.; Anindita, Pritartha S.; Gunawan, Paulina N.
e-GiGi Vol 9, No 1 (2021): E-GiGi
Publisher : Universitas Sam Ratulangi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35790/eg.9.1.2021.32308

Abstract

Abstract: Malocclusion is one of the most common dental and oral health problems after caries and periodontal disease. Most of the malocclusions occur in adolescence and manifest as crowding teeth. Malnutrition can inhibit the growth and development of the skull and jaw bones, therefore, the permanent teeth have lack space to erupt resulting in crowding teeth. This study was aimed to determine the relationship between crowding teeth and nutritional status among adolescents in Indonesia. This was a literature review study using three databases, Google Scholar, GARUDA, and Pubmed. Keywords used were crowding, malocclusion, malnutrition, adolescent, Height for Index, BMI, nutritional status, adolescents. After being selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, a critical appraisal was carried out and obtained 8 cross-sectional study literatures. The review showed that there were more literatures stating that there was no relationship between crowding teeth and nutritional status among adolescents. Apart from nutritional status, there were several other factors that could affect crowding teeth in adolescents such as bad habits, history of crowding deciduous teeth, heredity, and socioeconomic status. In conclusion, crowding teeth in adolescents is influenced by nutritional status as well as other factorsKeywords: crowding, nutritional status, adolescents. Abstrak: Maloklusi telah menjadi salah satu permasalahan kesehatan gigi dan mulut yang sering dijumpai setelah karies dan penyakit periodontal. Sebagian besar maloklusi terjadi pada usia remaja dalam bentuk gigi berjejal. Status gizi yang kurang dapat menghambat pertumbuhan dan perkembangan tulang tengkorak maupun rahang yang menyebabkan gigi permanen kekurangan ruang untuk erupsi dan terjadi gigi berjejal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan gigi berjejal dan status gizi pada remaja di Indonesia. Jenis penelitian ialah literature review dengan pencarian data menggunakan tiga database yaitu Google Scholar, GARUDA, dan Pubmed. Kata kunci yang digunakan yaitu crowding, malocclusion, malnutrition, BMI, adolescent, maloklusi, TB/U, IMT, Status Gizi, Remaja. Setelah diseleksi berdasarkan kriteria inklusi dan ekslusi, dilakukan critical appraisal dan didapatkan 8 literatur cross-sectional study. Hasil kajian menunjukkan terdapat lebih banyak literatur yang menyatakan tidak terdapat hubungan antara gigi berjejal dan status gizi pada remaja. Selain status gizi, faktor lainnya yang dapat memengaruhi terjadinya gigi berjejal pada remaja ialah kebiasaan buruk, riwayat gigi desidui berjejal, keturunan, dan status sosial ekonomi orang tua.. Simpulan penelitian ini ialah gigi berjejal pada remaja tidak hanya dipengaruhi oleh status gizi saja namun dapat disebabkan oleh faktor lain juga.Kata kunci: gigi berjejal, status gizi, remaja
Gambaran Tingkat Kecemasan Anak Saat Perawatan Ekstraksi Gigi Sekeon, Saskia E.; Gunawan, Paulina N.; Pangemanan, Damajanty H. C.
e-GiGi Vol 9, No 2 (2021): e-GiGi
Publisher : Universitas Sam Ratulangi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35790/eg.v9i2.36347

Abstract

Abstract: Going to a dentist can cause anxiety in children. One of dental treatments that causes anxiety is tooth extraction. This study was aimed to determine children’s anxiety level during tooth extraction. This was a literature review study. Data were collected from the database of Google Scholar by using predefined keywords children’s anxiety level and tooth extraction. Literatures were screened by title, and the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The critical appraisal was performed by using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical appraisal and eight literatures weres obtained. The results showed that children’s anxiety level during tooth extraction were anxiety and mild anxiety. Based on age, younger children were more anxious than older children. Based on gender, females were more anxious than males. In conclusion, during tooth extraction, the anxiety levels of most of the children were anxiety and mild anxiety.Keywords: child anxiety level; tooth extraction Abstrak: Pemeriksaan kesehatan gigi dan mulut saat mengunjungi dokter gigi dapat menim-bulkan kecemasan pada anak. Salah satu perawatan yang dapat menimbulkan kecemasan ialah ekstraksi gigi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran tingkat kecemasan anak saat perawatan ekstraksi gigi. Jenis penelitian ialah literature review, Pencarian data pada database Google Scholar dengan menggunakan kata kunci tingkat kecemasan anak dan pencabutan gigi. Hasil pencarian dilakukan skrining berdasarkan judul, kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi, kemudian dilakukan uji kelayakan menggunakan the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical appraisal dan diperoleh delapan literatur. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan tingkat kecemasan anak saat perawatan ekstraksi gigi ialah cemas dan cemas ringan. Dilihat dari usia, anak lebih muda lebih cemas dibandingkan anak lebih tua. Dilihat dari jenis kelamin, anak perempuan lebih cemas daripada anak laki-laki. Simpulan penelitian ini ialah tingkat kecemasan sebagian besar anak pada saat perawatan ekstraksi gigi ialah cemas dan cemas ringan.Kata kunci: tingkat kecemasan anak; ekstraksi gigi
Faktor Penyebab Trauma Maksilofasial pada Masa Sebelum dan Saat Pandemi COVID-19 Tetelepta, Glady A.; Leman, Michael A.; Gunawan, Paulina N.
e-GiGi Vol 9, No 2 (2021): e-GiGi
Publisher : Universitas Sam Ratulangi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35790/eg.v9i2.36422

Abstract

Abstract: Maxillofacial trauma can be caused by various external and internal factors. The intervention to prevent the COVID-19 pandemic has caused changes in community social activities that contributes to the factors causing maxillofacial trauma during the pandemic. This study was aimed to obtain the factors that caused maxillofacial trauma before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. This was a literature review study using three databases, namely Google Scholar, Pubmed, and ClinicalKey, and the keywords "maxillofacial trauma", "etiology factors", and "COVID-19". The literatures were selected by using inclusion and exclusion criteria. A critical assessment was carried out and 11 literatures were obtained consisting of retrospective and cross-sectional studies. The results showed that the factors causing maxillofacial trauma in the period of before and during the pandemic belonged of three categories, as follows: falls, accidents, and violence. They consisted in detail of fall, traffic accident, sports injurie, industrial accident, suicide attempt, interpersonal violence, domestic violence. and animal-bite wound. In conclusion, fall is the most dominant etiology factor before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Moreover, there is a difference in the factors causing maxillofacial trauma before and during the COVID-19 pandemic which is attempted suicide.Keywords: maxillofacial trauma; etiology; COVID-19 pandemic Abstrak: Trauma maksilofasial dapat disebabkan oleh berbagai faktor eksternal maupun internal. Adanya intervensi pencegahan pandemi COVID-19 menyebabkan perubahan aktifitas sosial masyarakat yang berkontribusi dalam berubahnya faktor penyebab trauma maksilofasial pada saat pandemi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat faktor penyebab trauma maksilofasial pada masa sebelum dan saat pandemi COVID-19. Jenis penelitian ialah suatu literature review. Pencarian data melalui tiga database yaitu Google Scholar, Pubmed dan ClinicalKey menggunakan kata kunci trauma maksilofasial, faktor penyebab, dan COVID-19. Literatur diseleksi menggunakan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi, dilakukan penilaian kelayakan dan diperoleh 11 literatur dengan desain studi retrospektif dan potong lintang. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan factor-faktor penyebab trauma maksilofasial pada masa sebelum dan saat pandemi tergolong atas tiga kategori yaitu: jatuh, kecelakaan, dan kekerasan, yang secara detil terdiri atas jatuh, kecelakaan lalu lintas, cedera olahraga, kecelakaan industri, percobaan bunuh diri, kekerasan interpersonal, kekerasan dalam rumah tangga, dan luka gigitan hewan. Simpulan penelitian ini ialah jatuh merupakan faktor penyebab trauma maksilofasial paling dominan pada masa sebelum dan saat pandemi COVID-19. Perbedaan faktor penyebab trauma maksilofasial pada masa sebelum dan saat pandemi COVID-19 yaitu percobaan bunuh diri.Kata kunci: trauma maksilofasial; etiologi; pandemi COVID-19
Effects of Carbonated Soft Drink on Saliva pH in the Occurrence of Dental Caries Santoso, Theofany L. A.; Wicaksono, Dinar A.; Gunawan, Paulina N.
e-GiGi Vol 10, No 1 (2022): e-GiGi
Publisher : Universitas Sam Ratulangi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35790/eg.v10i1.37606

Abstract

Abstract: One of the instantaneous lifestyle can be seen inter alia from the high level of soft drink consumption. Consumption of carbonated soft drinks produces a pH ranging from 2.4 to 4.07 which is classified as low. CO2 dissolved in carbonated soft drinks is thought to increase acidity, therefore, decrease the pH of saliva. The continuous decrease in salivary pH can lead to demineralization of tooth structure which triggers the occurrence of dental caries. This study aimed to determine the effect of soft drink consumption on salivary pH related to the incidence of dental caries. This was a literature review studi using four databases as follows: Google Scholar, PubMed, ScienceDirect, and ClinicalKey. The keywords were "minuman bersoda" OR "minuman berkarbonasi" AND "pH saliva"; dan “soft drink” OR "carbonated drink" AND "salivary pH". The literatures were selected through inclusion and exclusion criteria and then a critical appraisal was carried out. The results showed that 29 abstracts met the criteria. Full-text articles that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria and be used in this study were 18 articles in total. It was found that there was a change in the degree of acidity after consuming carbonated drinks. In conclusion, carbonated soft drinks can affect the pH of saliva which triggers the occurrence of dental caries.Keywords: carbonated soft drinks; salivary pH  Abstrak: Salah satu gaya hidup masyarakat Indonesia yang serba instan dapat terlihat dari tingginya tingkat konsumsi minuman ringan bersoda. Minuman ringan ini tersedia secara komersil dan bila dikonsumsi menghasilkan pH berkisar antara 2,4 hingga 4,07 yang tergolong rendah. CO2 yang terlarut dalam minuman bersoda dianggap dapat meningkatkan keasaman dan menurunkan pH saliva. Penurunan pH saliva yang terjadi secara terus-menerus dapat menyebabkan demineralisasi struktur gigi yang merupakan awal dari terjadinya karies gigi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh konsumsi minuman bersoda terhadap pH saliva pada kejadian karies gigi. Jenis penelitian ialah suatu literature review, yang menggunakan database Google Scholar, PubMed, ScienceDirect, dan ClinicalKey serta kata kunci "minuman bersoda" OR "minuman berkarbonasi" AND "pH saliva"; dan “soft drink” OR "carbonated drink" AND "salivary pH".  Literatur diseleksi melalui kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi serta dilakukan critical appraisal. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan jumlah literatur sebanyak 29 abstrak yang memenuhi kriteria sedangkan artikel fulltext yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi sebanyak 18 artikel. Hasil kajian mendapatkan terjadi perubahan derajat keasaman setelah mengonsumsi minuman ringan bersoda. Simpulan penelitian ini ialah minuman bersoda dapat memengaruhi pH saliva yang selanjutnya memicu terjadinya karies gigi.Kata kunci: minuman bersoda; pH saliva
Oral microbiome: A paradigm shift in dental diagnosis Megantoro, Aryo; Alphianti, Likky T.; Gunawan, Paulina N.; Bachtiar, Endang W.; Bachtiar, Boy M.
Narra X Vol. 3 No. 1 (2025): April 2025
Publisher : Narra Sains Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52225/narrax.v3i1.197

Abstract

For decades, the diagnosis of oral diseases primarily relied on clinical symptoms presented by patients. This traditional approach, which included visual inspection, palpation, and assessment of discomfort, provided limited insights into the underlying microbiological factors contributing to oral diseases. Recent studies have identified specific microorganisms believed to play pivotal roles in oral disease development, particularly in conditions such as dental caries, periodontal disease, and pulpitis. The challenge lies in the dynamic nature of the oral microenvironment, where the microbial community can shift rapidly due to changes in diet, hygiene practices, and overall health, complicating attempts to establish direct causative links between specific pathogens and oral diseases. The aim of this study was to explore the role of the oral microbiome in advancing dental diagnostics and to assess how integrating microbial analysis can improve early detection and personalized treatment of oral diseases. Research into the oral microbiome has brought about a paradigm shift in understanding dental diagnostics. Advances in molecular biology techniques, such as next-generation sequencing (NGS) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR), have enabled more detailed examination of microbial communities within the oral cavity. This shift from a purely symptom-based diagnostic approach to one that incorporates microbial analysis represents a significant advancement in dental care. For instance, identifying specific bacterial profiles associated with caries could facilitate the implementation of personalized preventive measures, such as tailored oral hygiene regimens or dietary recommendations. Moreover, integrating microbiological data into clinical practices could lead to improved diagnostics for conditions that are traditionally difficult to assess. By adopting a more comprehensive view that includes microbial assessments, clinicians can better understand the interplay between oral microbiota and systemic health, as oral diseases are often linked to broader health issues. Another challenge is that this approach requires interdisciplinary collaboration among dental practitioners, microbiologists, and public health experts. This collaboration is essential to translate abstract microbiological findings into practical diagnostic indicators that can be utilized in clinical settings. Furthermore, with the advent of new technologies, maintaining accurate interpretations of microbiome data presents another layer of complexity, as variations in sample collection, processing, and analysis can lead to differing results. In summary, the elevated role of the oral microbiome in dental diagnostics marks a significant transition from traditional, symptom-focused approaches to more holistic methodologies that consider the underlying microbial communities. By leveraging advanced technologies, dental practitioners can enhance their diagnostic capabilities, leading to improved outcomes for patients suffering from various oral diseases.
Co-Authors . Jatuadomi, . Adrian Umboh Ahmad Djunaid Alphianti, Likky T. Andries, Agnes M. Aprilia Lombo Aulia, Avita Aurelia Supit ’Allo, Chinda B. Bunga Boy M. Bachtiar Christy N. Mintjelungan Claudiette Brigita Pantow D. H. C. Pangemanan Dewi A. Hamadi Dinar A. Wicaksono Dominikus W. Cambu, Dominikus W. Donny A. A. Sambuaga, Donny A. A. Endang W. Bachtiar Iwan P. Wawointana, Iwan P. Jane Wuisan Jimmy Allorerung, Jimmy Johanna A. Khoman Jotlely, Fernando B. Joyce Kandou Juliatri . Juvensius R. Andries Kartika Ibrahim, Kartika Kewas, Cliviane Krista V. Siagian Lampus, Benecditus S. Lydia E. N. Tendean, Lydia E. N. Marsela Liwe, Marsela Max F. J. Mantik Megantoro, Aryo Michael A. Leman Nelly Mayulu Ni Wayan Mariati Nubatonis, Nikhe D. Oktaviana I. Seajima, Oktaviana I. P. S. Anindita Paputungan, Fazriah F. Pritartha S. Anindita Rafi Lusnarnera, Rafi Rante, Bayu K. Rebecca A. Ngantung, Rebecca A. Reyna Agnes Nastassia Lumentut Santoso, Theofany L. A. Sarah M. Warouw Sekeon, Saskia E. Shirley E. S. Kawengian Sipayung, Tanindy M. Sitinjak, Agnes C. H. Siwi, Filliany A. P. Tetelepta, Glady A. Trisye Sampakang Vigni Astria Laguhi Vivian C. Rehatta Vivie Indahwati, Vivie Vonny N. S. Wowor Vonny N.S. Wowor, Vonny N.S. Zakarias R. Kantohe, Zakarias R.