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Utilizing Water Hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) from Srandakan Bantul, Indonesia for ‘Bright Fever Patch’ as an Alternative Children’s Fever Therapy Niswara, Anggita Kamalia; Kusrinanti, Nabillah Ainun; Firdaus, Rizqi Amalia; Ikhsanudin, Azis
Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research Vol. 11, No. 3
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

In 2022, Indonesia experienced a public health crisis involving acute kidney failure in children, traced to paracetamol syrup contaminated with ethylene glycol and diethylene glycol. This underscores the urgent need for safer antipyretic alternatives. This study investigates the antipyretic potential of transdermal patches formulated with ethanol extract of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) leaves sourced from Srandakan, Bantul, Yogyakarta. Extract concentrations of 0.8%, 1.0%, and 1.2% were tested, alongside a negative control (no extract) and a positive control (paracetamol). The patches underwent evaluations for organoleptic properties, weight uniformity (0.41±0.02 to 0.52±0.02 g), thickness (0.36±0.03 to 0.41±0.03 mm), water absorption (5.95%±0.04 to 17.45%±0.04), folding endurance (all >300 times), and pH (4.05±0.03 to 4.20±0.04). Antipyretic activity was assessed in vivo using Wistar rats. The 1.2% extract patch (F3) showed a temperature reduction of 57.45±14.31% at 180 minutes, while paracetamol achieved 74.07±11.38%. Although paracetamol showed greater efficacy, the extract patch acted faster. Both paracetamol and extract patch were statistically significant compared to placebo (p<0.001). Although paracetamol exhibited a stronger antipyretic effect than the extract patch, this difference was not statistically significant (p=0.847). These findings support the further development of the water hyacinth extract patch as a promising antipyretic alternative, with potential improvements through the enhancement of the formulation and the development of a slow-release system.

Risk Perception and Efficacy Beliefs Regarding COVID-19 among Indonesian Pharmacy Students Lolita, Lolita; Luthfiah Saraswati, Hasna; Muhlis, Muhammad; Ikhsanudin, Azis; Kurniawati, Lindha; Syarifah, Nur Bidayah; Rungprai, Daraporn
Clinical and Pharmaceutical Sciences Journal Vol. 1 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.12928/clips.v1i1.306

The SARS-CoV-2 virus first appeared in Wuhan, China, at the end of December 2019. Preventive behavior is necessary to reduce the transmission of this virus, and low risk perception can reduce the implementation of preventive behavior. This study aimed to determine risk perception and efficacy beliefs regarding COVID-19 of pharmacy students at Ahmad Dahlan University, Yogyakarta. A cross-sectional analytic observational approach was utilized; data were collected by distributing online questionnaires. The respondents comprised 406 undergraduate and pharmacist students. The data were analyzed with SPSS version 25.0 to compare the average scores of each independent variable. The mean scores for perceived vulnerability and perceived threat variables were 3.670 and 3.020, respectively, and the mean score for perceived severity was 2.475. The mean scores of response efficacy and self-efficacy were 4.426 and 4.084, respectively. A history of supplement consumption (p = 0.01), having received the first dose of the COVID-19 vaccine (p = 0.02), and parental income (p = 0.045) affected perceived vulnerability. Perceived severity was influenced by gender (p = 0.001), a history of chronic disease (p = 0.041), having received the first dose of the COVID-19 vaccine (p = 0.005), and area of residence (p = 0.043). Perceived threat was influenced by gender (p = 0.005) and having received the first dose of the COVID-19 vaccine (p = 0.029). Efficacy beliefs were influenced by a history of supplement consumption (p < 0.0001 and p = 0.034), having received the first dose of the COVID-19 vaccine (p = 0.037), and implementation of health protocols (p < 0.0001). In conclusion, the respondents’ risk perception was high, whereas their perceived severity was low. The participants also had high efficacy beliefs. Therefore, it is important to focus on pharmacy students risk perception, since they are the main population for social infectious disease prevention and control.

Lotion Preparations of Nutmeg Essential oil (Myristica fragrans Houtt) and Repellent Activity Test against Aedes aegypti Mosquitoes Ikhsanudin, Azis; Raharjo, Satriyo Dwi; Lolita, Lolita
Clinical and Pharmaceutical Sciences Journal Vol. 1 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.12928/clips.v1i1.307

Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is a disease caused by the bite of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes infected with the Dengue virus. One natural ingredient that can be used as a repellent to prevent mosquito bites is essential oil. Therefore, this research aims to obtain the right formulation of nutmeg essential oil lotion, determine the influence of adding nutmeg essential oil to the physical properties of the lotion, assess the irritant effect of nutmeg essential oil lotion on the skin, and determine the repellent activity of nutmeg essential oil lotion against female Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. Nutmeg fruit seed essential oil (Myristica fragrans Houtt) was obtained by distillation. The obtained sample was qualitatively tested first using GC-MS to determine its components. Lotion formulation was prepared with varying 1%, 3%, and 6% concentrations. The prepared lotions were tested for their physical properties and repellent activity using female Aedes aegypti mosquitoes as test animals and irritation test. The test result data were statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA with a confidence level of 95%. The research results obtained standardization of clear nutmeg seed essential oil, yellow in color, with a distinctive nutmeg scent with a refractive index value of (1.475 + 0.001) and a relative compound content of alpha-pinene of 19.40%. Increasing the concentration resulted in decreased adhesive force with a value of (p <0.05), increased spreadability (p <0.05), and increased repellent power (p <0.05). All lotions have a pH of 7, are stable for 6 cycles of storage, and have an irritation index in the very mild to mild irritation category. The conclusion of this research is that nutmeg seed essential oil lotion formulations with various concentration variations, namely formula 1 (1%), formula 2 (3%), and formula 3 (6%), have good physical properties, cause very mild to mild skin irritation, and have the highest repellent activity, which is in formula 3 (6%) at 1098 seconds

Larvicidal Activity of Red Betel (Piper Crocatum, L) Leaf Chloroform Extract Granule against Aedes Aegypti Larvae Ikhsanudin, Azis; Tri Hastuti, Haadiyatul; Lolita, Lolita; Tajjudin, Saiful Nizam
Clinical and Pharmaceutical Sciences Journal Vol. 1 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.12928/clips.v1i2.377

Dengue fever is a disease caused by the bite of the Aedes aegypti mosquito. The development of natural larvicides needs to be done to reduce the risk of resistance and ensure environmental safety due to the use of chemical larvicides. Plants that have the potential as larvicides include red betel leaf, which contains alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, and saponins. This study aims to determine the larvicidal activity of red betel leaf chloroform extract granules with LC50 and LC90 parameters against Aedes aegypti larvae. This study used a post-test control group design, where the chloroform maceration method was used in its extraction. The extract obtained was subjected to qualitative phytochemical identification and formulated into granules and tested for physical properties, namely: water content, flowability, and dispersion time and larvicidal activity test using a post-test control group design where the test group was divided into six groups, namely positive control (Abate®), negative control (placebo), treatment with extract concentrations of 0.18%; 0.24% and 0.48%. The results of the phytochemical test showed that the extract contained alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, and saponins, while the granule test showed a water content of 3.02%, a flow rate of 2.07 g/second, and a dispersion time of 2.31 minutes. The granule concentration of 0.48% had a larvicidal activity of 98.67%, significantly different from placebo (p<0.05) and not significantly different from Abate (p>0.05). In conclusion, the chloroform extract granules of red betel leaves have larvicidal activity with an LC50 of 0.276% and an LC90 of 0.381% against Aedes aegypti larvae. Keywords: Aedes agypti, extract, granule, larvacidered betel

PENGARUH PENGETAHUAN DAN SIKAP ORANG TUA TERHADAP SWAMEDIKASI OBAT DEMAM PADA ANAK-ANAK Yulianto, Danang; Ikhsanudin, Azis
Media Farmasi: Jurnal Ilmu Farmasi Vol. 11 No. 2: September 2014
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.12928/mf.v11i2.1881

Swamedikasi biasanya dilakukan untuk penanggulangan secara cepat dan efektif keluhan yang tidak memerlukan konsultasi medis, mengurangi beban pelayanan kesehatan pada keterbatasan sumber daya dan tenaga, serta meningkatkan keterjangkauan pelayanan kesehatan untuk masyarakat yang jauh dari puskesmas. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh antara pengetahuan dan sikap orang tua terhadap swamedikasi obat demam pada anak-anak.Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian analisis observasional, dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Populasinya adalah warga Dusun Cepor, Sendangtirto, Berbah, Sleman yang memiliki anak usia 1sampai 12 tahun yang berjumlah 172 KK, dan diperoleh sampel sebanyak 62 sampel. Pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner dan analisis data menggunakan uji bivariat dan regresi logistik berganda.Berdasarkan analisis data diperoleh hasil regresi logistik terdapat pengaruh positif dan secara statistik signifikan antara pengetahuan orang tua dengan swamedikasi obat demam pada anak-anak, dimana orang tua dengan tingkat pengetahuan tentang obat yang baik memiliki tingkat swamedikasi yang baik dan tinggi (( 28,464 x lebih besar daripada yang pengetahuan sedang atau kurang ( OR= 28,464 ; CI 95% 3,087 sampai dengan 262,467; p = 0,003)) dan tidak terdapat pengaruh positif dan secara statistik signifikan antara sikap orang tua dengan swamedikasi obat demam pada anak-anak, dimana sikap orang tua mempunyai kemungkinan lebih tinggi 3,049 x lebih besar dari pada yang tidak mempunyai sikap (OR= 3,049; CI 95% 0,320 sampai dengan 29,012; p = 0,332). Nilai Nagelkerke R Square sebesar 0,596 memiliki pengertian bahwa 59,6 persen swamedikasi obat demam pada anak-anak tidak dipengaruhi secara bersama-sama oleh variabel pengetahuan orang tua dan sikap orang tua, dan sisanya dipengaruhi oleh faktor yang lainnya.

FORMULASI DAN KARAKTERISASI SEDIAAN HIDROGEL MINYAK CENGKEH (Syzygium aromaticum) BERBASIS KITOSAN Pertiwi, Deasy Vanda; Ikhsanudin, Azis; Sugihartini, Nining
Media Farmasi: Jurnal Ilmu Farmasi Vol. 14 No. 1: Maret 2017
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.12928/mf.v14i1.9831

Eugenol merupakan kandungan utama minyak cengkeh yang memiliki potensi sebagai anti inflamasi. Bentuk sediaan yang berupa cairan berminyak menimbulkan ketidaknyamanan dan tidak bertahan lama untuk kontak dengan kulit sehingga efikasi yang diharapkan tidak tercapai jika digunakan langsung pada permukaan kulit. Oleh karena itu, dibutuhkan sistem sediaan yang dapat menghantarkan obat menembus kulit dengan lebih baik. Hidrogel adalah sediaan semipadat yang diharapkan dapatÂ diaplikasikan sebagai pembawa minyak cengkeh, sehingga akan meningkatkan kenyamanan dan efikasinya. Pembuatan hidrogel minyak cengkeh dilakukan dengan memformulasikan minyak cengkeh, surfaktan tween 80 dan propilen glikol (PG) menjadi emulsi. Desain formula dibuat menggunakan Design Expert 10 trial. Formula emulsi yang optimum selanjutnya diformulasikan dengan basis gel kitosan konsentrasi 4% dan 5%. Hidrogel minyak cengkeh diformulasikan menjadi emulsi yang selanjutnya ditambahkan ke dalam basis gel berupa kitosan. Dari hasil uji karakterisasi gel diperoleh bentuk emulgel berwarna putih kekuningan dengan pH 6. Uji daya sebar menunjukkan formula 1 dengan basis kitosan 5% memiliki daya sebar yang paling baik, yaitu 5,1 cm. Hasil uji daya lekat menunjukkan bahwa keempat formula memenuhi syarat uji daya lekat, yaitu tidak kurang dari 4 detik. Dari uji karakteristik, formula F1 5% merupakan formula yang optimal karena memenuhi semua persyaratan sifat fisik. Hal tersebut menunjukkan bahwa minyak cengkeh dapat menghasilkan sediaan gel yang baik dengan basis kitosan.

Aktivitas Repelan Minyak Atsiri Biji Pala (Myristica Fragrans Houtt.) Pada Nyamuk Aedes Aegypti Widiyastuti, Lina; Ikhsanudin, Azis; Noorlina, Noorlina
Media Farmasi: Jurnal Ilmu Farmasi Vol. 15 No. 1: Maret 2018
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.12928/mf.v15i1.12355

Telah dilakukan penelitian untuk menguji aktivitas repelan minyak atsiri biji pala terhadap nyamuk Aedes aegipty betina. Repelan yang banyak beredar di pasaran yaitu repelan sintetik yang dapat memberikan dampak negatif untuk kesehatan karena umumnya mengandung Diethyltoluamide atau DEET. Minyak atsiri biji pala mengandung eugenol, metil eugenol, elemisin miristisin, Î±-pinena, dan Î²-pinena yang dapat digunakan sebagai repelan. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh konsentrasi minyak atsiri biji pala terhadap iritasi dan aktivitas repelan. Uji dilakukan pada 6 konsentrasi minyak biji pala yaitu 4, 6, 8,10, 12% (v/b) dan kelompok kontrol. Pengujian meliputi uji pH, iritasi, dan aktivitas repelan. Aktivitas repelan dianalisis menggunakan SPSS dengan ANOVA dan dilanjutkan dengan LSD pada taraf signifikansi 95%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pH masing-masing konsentrasi adalah 6. Iritan bersifat sangat ringan. Aktivitas repelan dari 6 seri konsentrasi tersebut berturut-turut adalah 43,95; 373,56; 758,03; 1167,41; 1950,98 dan 4,29 detik. Berdasarkan hasil yang diperoleh disimpulkan bahwa minyak atsiri biji pala mempunyai aktivitas repelan terbesar terhadap nyamuk Aedes aegypti betina pada konsentrasi 12%(v/b) selama 1950,978 detik dan iritan yang sangat ringan.

Formulation Optimization of a Thermosensitive Curcumin Hydrogel for Localized Drug Delivery Using Response Surface Methodology Ikhsanudin, Azis; Sulaiman, Teuku Nanda Saifullah; Zai, Khadijah; Ujiantari, Navista Sri Octa
Sciences of Pharmacy Volume 5 Issue 2
Publisher : ETFLIN

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58920/sciphar0501554

Curcumin has been widely reported to exhibit anticancer potential; however, its clinical application is limited by poor aqueous solubility and low permeability. This study aimed to develop a thermoresponsive hydrogel system based on poloxamer 407 and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) for localized curcumin delivery through sol–gel transition at physiological temperature. Curcumin nanoparticles were prepared via ionic gelation and incorporated into hydrogel matrices containing varying ratios of poloxamer 407 and HPMC. Optimization was performed using response surface methodology. pH, gelation time, and viscosity were selected as critical quality attributes reflecting the clinical applicability of in situ hydrogels. The evaluated responses included pH (5–7), gelation time (9–11 min), and viscosity (2000–5000 mPa•s), with model validation based on lack-of-fit > 0.05, high R², a difference between adjusted and predicted R² < 0.2, and adequate precision > 4. Nano-curcumin exhibited a particle size of 423.03 ± 27.80 nm, a PDI of 0.59 ± 0.08, and a zeta potential of −12.47 ± 0.74 mV. The optimized formulation (17.067% poloxamer 407 and 4% HPMC) achieved a desirability value of 0.86, with a pH of 5.85, a gelation time of 9 minutes, and a viscosity of 4389.76 mPa•s. In vitro release followed the Korsmeyer–Peppas model, indicating diffusion-controlled release and confirming the suitability of the optimized thermosensitive hydrogel as a localized curcumin delivery platform.

Pendampingan Pembuatan Lilin Aromaterapi sebagai Upaya Meningkatkan Kesehatan Mental pada Diaspora Indonesia di Tiongkok Azis Ikhsanudin; Sucipto Sucipto; Wajiran Wajiran; Lolita Lolita; Leoni Nanda Wulandari
Jurnal Surya Masyarakat Vol 8, No 1 (2025): November 2025
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26714/jsm.8.1.2025.20-31

Mental health is a crucial determinant of overall well-being. In Indonesia, the prevalence of emotional mental disorders among individuals over 15 years old has reached 9.8% of the population. Indonesian diaspora students in China face unique challenges that may increase the risk of mental health decline. This study aimed to describe the mental health status of Indonesian diaspora students in China and to evaluate aromatherapy candle-making activities as a preventive approach to mental health decline. A descriptive qualitative design was employed using a modified and validated version of the World Health Organization-Five Well-Being Index (WHO-5) questionnaire, validated with 10 respondents. Data were collected from Indonesian students through self-administered questionnaires. Additionally, a workshop on aromatherapy candle-making was conducted to explore its potential benefits for mental health improvement. The findings indicated that students experienced negative emotions with a mean score of 3.41 ± 0.95, self-satisfaction with 3.41 ± 0.73, concentration with 3.45 ± 0.80, and body image perception with 3.68 ± 0.95. Most participants expressed interest in aromatherapy candles, perceiving them as beneficial for mental relaxation and emotional well-being. Indonesian diaspora students in China demonstrated tendencies toward feelings of loneliness, hopelessness, anxiety, and depression. Aromatherapy candle-making activities provided a promising alternative approach to mental relaxation, although further research is needed to determine their effectiveness in improving overall mood and mental health.

Pendampingan Pembuatan Lilin Aromaterapi sebagai Upaya Meningkatkan Kesehatan Mental pada Diaspora Indonesia di Tiongkok Azis Ikhsanudin; Sucipto Sucipto; Wajiran Wajiran; Lolita Lolita; Leoni Nanda Wulandari
Jurnal Surya Masyarakat Vol 8, No 1 (2025): November 2025
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26714/jsm.8.1.2025.20-31

Mental health is a crucial determinant of overall well-being. In Indonesia, the prevalence of emotional mental disorders among individuals over 15 years old has reached 9.8% of the population. Indonesian diaspora students in China face unique challenges that may increase the risk of mental health decline. This study aimed to describe the mental health status of Indonesian diaspora students in China and to evaluate aromatherapy candle-making activities as a preventive approach to mental health decline. A descriptive qualitative design was employed using a modified and validated version of the World Health Organization-Five Well-Being Index (WHO-5) questionnaire, validated with 10 respondents. Data were collected from Indonesian students through self-administered questionnaires. Additionally, a workshop on aromatherapy candle-making was conducted to explore its potential benefits for mental health improvement. The findings indicated that students experienced negative emotions with a mean score of 3.41 ± 0.95, self-satisfaction with 3.41 ± 0.73, concentration with 3.45 ± 0.80, and body image perception with 3.68 ± 0.95. Most participants expressed interest in aromatherapy candles, perceiving them as beneficial for mental relaxation and emotional well-being. Indonesian diaspora students in China demonstrated tendencies toward feelings of loneliness, hopelessness, anxiety, and depression. Aromatherapy candle-making activities provided a promising alternative approach to mental relaxation, although further research is needed to determine their effectiveness in improving overall mood and mental health.

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