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ANALISIS PENGARUH VARIASI STARTER EM4 TERHADAP PRODUKSI BIOGAS DARI KOTORAN TERNAK DAN LIMBAH BUAH SEMANGKA Gilang, Aditya; Kosjoko, Kosjoko; Mufarida, Nely Ana
CENDEKIA: Jurnal Ilmu Pengetahuan Vol. 5 No. 3 (2025)
Publisher : Pusat Pengembangan Pendidikan dan Penelitian Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51878/cendekia.v5i3.6434

Abstract

Indonesia is an archipelagic country rich in natural resources and has abundant potential for fossil energy sources that can be used as gas production materials. The community's dependence on gas fuel (LPG) with increasing population growth can result in an energy crisis for the community, so they are looking for a solution by using biomass as a gas production material. The biomass used in this study is agricultural waste, one of which is watermelon and livestock manure, namely cows and goats. In making biogas, a fairly long fermentation is needed, usually the most common for 36 days to produce optimal methane gas, but there are materials to accelerate the fermentation process, namely EM4. The formulation of the problem in this study is how the effect of EM4 concentration of 10%, 15% and 20% on biogas production and fermentation time efficiency of a mixture of cow, goat and fruit waste manure. The purpose of this study is to analyze how the effect of EM4 concentration of 10%, 15% and 20% on biogas production and fermentation time efficiency of a mixture of cow, goat and fruit waste manure. The research method is an experiment by collecting data that has been tested or analyzed. The results of this study are that watermelon waste, cow dung, goat dung and 10% EM4 are superior to the mixture of 15% and 20% EM4 because they contain the ideal pH value of 6.8, mesophilic temperature of 34°C, O2 gas composition of 20.9%, the smallest H2S of 2 ppm, the smallest CO2 of 2 ppm, the highest CH4 of 766 ppm and the highest volume of 7,536 cm3. ABSTRAKIndonesia merupakan negara kepulauan yang kaya sumber daya alam dan memiliki potensi sumber energi fosil melimpah yang dapat di buat bahan pembuatan gas. Ketergantungan masyarakat terhadap bahan bakar gas (LPG) dengan pertumbuhan penduduk yang semakin meningkat dapat mengakibatkan krisis energi bagi masyarakat sehingga mencari solusi dengan menggunakan biomassa sebagai bahan pembuatan gas. Biomassa yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu limbah pertanian salah satunya semangka dan kotoran hewna ternak yaitu sapi serta kambing. Pada pembuatan biogas diperlukan fermantasi yang cukup lama biasanya paling umum selama 36 hari untuk menghasilkan gas metana yang optimal, namun terdapat bahan untuk mempercepat proses fermentasi yaitu EM4. Rumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini yaitu bagaimana pengaruh konsentrasi EM4 10%, 15% dan 20% terhadap produksi biogas dan efisiensi waktu fermentasi dari campuran kotoran ternak sapi, kambing dan limbah buah. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu menganalisi bagaimana pengaruh konsentrasi EM4 10%, 15% dan 20% terhadap produksi biogas dan efisiensi waktu fermentasi dari campuran kotoran ternak sapi, kambing dan limbah buah. Metode penelitian ini yaitu eksperimen dengan mengumpulkan data-data yang sudah di lakukakan pengujian atau analisis. Hasil dari penelitian ini yaitu limbah semangka, kotoran sapi, kambing dan EM4 10% lebih unggul dari pada campuran EM4 15% serta 20% karena mengandung nilai pH ideal yaitu 6,8, suhu mesofilik 34°C, komposisi gas O2  20,9%, H2S terkecil 2 ppm, CO2 terkecil 2 ppm, CH4 tertinggi yaitu 766 ppm dan volume tertinggi 7.536 cm3.
PERBANDINGAN PENGEREMAN PENGUJIAN REM STATIS DAN PENGUJIAN REM JALAN PADA KENDARAAN PICK UP L300 Nurlina, Ika Tyas; Kosjoko, Kosjoko; Mufarida, Nely Ana
AutoMech : Jurnal Teknik Mesin Vol. 1 No. 01 (2021): Nopember
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Ponorogo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24269/jtm.v1i01.4088

Abstract

Keselamatan adalah unsur utama dalam pelayanan jasa transportasi. Pemerintah berkewajiban memastikan bahwa kendaraan bermotor yang beroperasi di jalan memenuhi syarat teknis dan laik jalan. Terpenuhinya ambang batas minimal efisiensi pengereman, merupakan salah satu persyaratan teknis yang harus dipenuhi agar kendaraan dapat beroperasi di jalan. Pengujian efisiensi pengereman dapat  dilakukan  dengan  dua  cara  yaitu  Static  Brake  Test  dan  Road  Test.  Hasil  pelaksanaan kedua  pengujian tersebut menunjukkan adanya  perbedaan  hasil yang  diperoleh  yaitu untuk Pengujian Rem Statis menghasilkan efisiensi pengereman sebesar 64,8% sedangkan untuk Pengujian Rem Jalan menghasilkan efisiensi pengereman sebesar 53% dan  hal  ini  dapat menimbulkan  hasil  yang  berbeda  terhadap  pemenuhan  syarat  teknis dan laik jalan kendaraan.
Pengaruh Sudut Pitch Pada Blade Terhadap Kinerja Turbin Angin Darrieus-H Ulumudin, M Ikhya; Kosjoko, Kosjoko; Mufarida, Nely Ana
AutoMech : Jurnal Teknik Mesin Vol. 1 No. 01 (2021): Nopember
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Ponorogo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24269/jtm.v1i01.4089

Abstract

Pemakaian energi fosil untuk menghasilkan listrik memiliki dampak negatif terhadap lingkungan. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan energi alternatif yang bersih serta tidak mencemari lingkungan yaitu energi angin. Angin dapat dimanfaatkan menjadi energi listrik dengan turbin angin. Turbin angin vertikal darrieus disebut juga dengan turbin lift, cara kerjanya yang memanfaatkan gaya angkat pada sudu turbin mengakibatkan rotor berputar dan menggerakkan generator sehingga menghasilkan listrik. Penelitian ini melakukan pengujian pada turbin angin darrieus tipe-H 4 sudu dengan variasi sudut pitch 5°, 10°, 15°, 20° dan 25°. Diuji pada 3 variasi angin yaitu 4, 5 dan 6 m/s. diperoleh hasil terbaik yaitu pada kecepatan angin 6 m/s dan daya generator sebesar 1,82 Watt dan putaran poros sebesar 115 Rpm pada sudut pitch 5°. Putaran dan daya generator menurun seiring bertambah besarnya sudut pitch.
PENGARUH VARIASI REGULATOR RECTIFIER (GIPROK) DAN AUTOMATIC VOLTAGE REGULATOR (AVR) TERHDAP VOLT DAN FREKUENSI PADA GENERATOR TENEGA DIESEL 16 HP Hawaij, Dedi Maulana; Kosjoko, Kosjoko; Mufarida, Nely Ana
AutoMech : Jurnal Teknik Mesin Vol. 2 No. 01 (2022): Mei
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Ponorogo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24269/jtm.v2i01.4866

Abstract

Listrik yang setabil dan sesuai batas aman yang mana saat ini masih terjadi naik turunnya tegangan listrik di daerah daerah tertentu maka dibutuhkan alat alat penunjang seperti AVR singkatan dari Automatic Voltage Regulator, dimana komponen ini berfungsi untuk terus menjaga keseimbangan atau stabilitas voltase dan hz listrik dari sebuah generator atau genset ketika berhadapan dengan beban listrik yang kerap berubah-ubah. Untuk masyarakat pada umumnya, biasanya mengetahui bahwa tegangan listrik yang tidak stabil akan berdampak buruk pada berbagai perangkat elektronik atau listrik yang ada termasuk untuk perangkat genset sendri, sehingga diperlukan adanya komponen AVR ini. Alat yang berfungsi untuk mengatur tegangan listrik keluaran generator tersebut kita kenal dengan nama AVR. Arus AC adalah singkatan dari Alternating Current, yaitu Listrik arus bolak-balik. Dinamakan demikian karena listrik ini mempunyai bentuk gelombang sinusoidal. Artinya ialah listrik ini mempunyai polaritas yang berubah-ubah
Analisis Perbandingan Single Piston Dan Double Piston Terhadap Jarak Dan Waktu Pengereman Menggunakan Variasi Discbrake Pada Motor 125 Cc Octa, Hakim; Mufarida, Nely Ana; Kosjoko, Kosjoko
AutoMech : Jurnal Teknik Mesin Vol. 4 No. 02 (2024): Nopember
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Ponorogo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24269/jtm.v4i02.9460

Abstract

Safety is a major factor in planning and designing road facilities. Various studies related to accident risk analysis have been carried out, but there are still not many practical applications, especially for accident risk analysis at priority intersections. The method used in this research is a data collection method using a braking test process using single piston and double piston with standard disc brake variations. and after market. This research is intended to compare the braking distance and time using a variation discbrake. The results of comparative testing of single piston and double piston using a standard discbrake and a variation discbrake show that the maximum discbrake performance is the variation discbrake because it has a lower average braking time and distance than the standard disc brake. On a single piston with a pressure of 2kg, the average travel distance was 0.27 m (11.53 m - 11.26 m) with a time of 0.39 s (2.75 s - 2.36 s). Meanwhile, with a double piston with a pressure of 2kg, the average distance traveled was 0.06 m (8.50 m - 8.44 m) with a time of 0.15 s (1.88 s - 1.73 s). Variations in single piston braking greatly influence the braking distance and time, an average of 0.27 m with a time of 0.39 s from the standard discbrake, and variations of the double piston discbrake have a distance and time of 0.06 m with a time of 0.15 s from the standard discbrake.
PERBANDINGAN EFEKTIVITAS STARTER EM4 DALAM PROSES PEMBUATAN BIOGAS DARI BATANG POHON PISANG DAN KOTORAN HEWAN TERNAK Gunawan, Arik; Abidin, Asroful; Kosjoko, Kosjoko
KNOWLEDGE: Jurnal Inovasi Hasil Penelitian dan Pengembangan Vol. 5 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Pusat Pengembangan Pendidikan dan Penelitian Indonesia (P4I)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51878/knowledge.v5i2.5779

Abstract

Indonesia's energy needs continue to increase every year while natural energy products are running low, for example energy products from fossils, such as coal, natural gas and oil. Transportation, business and electricity generation are the sectors that use the most energy so it can cause a scarcity of energy sources, one of which is natural gas which is used as cooking fuel, namely LPG for the community, for this reason a solution is being sought by using renewable energy sources, namely biogas. Biogas is a gas produced by microorganisms that decompose organic matter under rare anaerobic conditions or through the fermentation process of organic waste using a biodigester. In this research, the materials used were banana tree trunks, cow, goat dung and EM4 which were varied by 0%, 10%, 15% and 20% by testing the role of EM4 on biogas production which included pH, gas volume, gas composition and flame quality. The results of this research are that the pH variation of EM4 15% is considered ideal, namely 6.5 – 7.0, for the highest gas volume, namely 6801.60 cm3, has a gas composition of Oxygen (O2) 6.0%, Hydrogen Sulfide (H_2 S) 379 ppm, Carbon Dioxide (CO_2) 1 ppm, Methane (CH_4) 665 ppm and the flame quality is blue. ABSTRAKKebutuhan energi Indonesia terus meningkat setiap tahunnya sementara hasil energi alam semakin menipis, contoh hasil energi dari fosil, seperti batu bara, gas bumi, dan minyak. Transportasi, bisnis, dan pembangkit listrik adalah sektor yang paling banyak menggunakan energi sehingga dapat menyebabkan kelangkaan seumber energi salah satunya gas bumi yang digunakan sebagai bahan bakar memasak yaitu LPG bagi masayarakat, untuk itu dicarikan solusi dengan menggunakan sumber energi yang dapat diperbaruhi yaitu biogas. Biogas adalah gas yang dihasilkan oleh mikroorganisme yang mengurai bahan organik pada kondisi anaerob yang langka atau melalui proses fermentasi limbah organik menggunakan biodigester. Pada penelitian ini bahan yang digunakan yaitu batang pohon pisang, kotoran sapi, kambing dan EM4 yang divariasikan 0%,10%,15% dan 20% dengan menguji peran EM4 terhadap produksi biogas yang meliputi pH, volume gas, komposisi gas dan kualitas nyala api. Hasil penelitian ini yaitu pada pH variasi EM4 15% tergolong ideal yaitu 6.5 – 7.0, untuk volume gas tertinggi yaitu 6801.60 cm3, memiliki komposisi gas Oksigen ( O2 ) 6,0%, Hydrogen Sulfida ( ) 379 ppm, Karbon Dioksida ( ) 1 ppm, Methana ( ) 665 ppm dan kualitas nyala api bewarna biru.
Pengaruh Fraksi Volume Terhadap Sifat Mekanik Kampas Rem Berbahan Serbuk Kayu Jati Sholehuddin, Ilham; Mufarida, Nely Ana; Kosjoko
Jurnal Teknik Mesin Cakram Vol. 7 No. 2 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Pamulang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32493/jtc.v7i2.47907

Abstract

Industri otomotif saat ini sedang mengembangkan material baru, dan jumlah kendaraan bermotor di Indonesia semakin meningkat seiring dengan potensi akses terhadap material dengan kualitas unggul yang tumbuh dengan pesat. Material komposit umumnya dapat diaplikasikan pada industri otomotif, khususnya pada penggunaan kampas rem. Dengan mencampurkan elemen-elemen dengan kualitas luar biasa, material komposit dapat menciptakan material baru dengan sifat yang lebih baik lagi. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan penelitian untuk menentukan proses tercanggih dalam memproduksi kampas rem murah dari bahan yang ramah lingkungan. pada suhu pirolisis 450°C berdasarkan data yang diperoleh dari hasil pengujian, variasi fraksi volume serbuk kayu jati (60 % + 40 % resin poliuretan) menghasilkan nilai keausan tertinggi, dengan rata-rata nilai keausan sebesar 0,0031685815 mm³/kg.m. Variasi fraksi volume serbuk kayu menghasilkan nilai keausan paling rendah. Jati 40% + 60% resin poliuretan, dengan nilai keausan 0,00030104 mm³/kg.m.
Pengaruh Variasi Bentuk Kampuh Las TIG (Tungsten Inert Gas) Terhadap Uji Tarik dan Struktur Mikro Pada Material Plat Stainless Steel 201 Pratama, Mokhammad Yoga; Mufarida, Nely Ana; Kosjoko, Kosjoko
Journal of Engineering Science and Technology Vol. 1 No. 3 (2023): September
Publisher : Indonesian Journal Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47134/jesty.v1i3.19

Abstract

Welding technology has an integral role in the manufacturing technology domain. To create high-quality structures requires technology that allows joining metals. It is in this phase that welding technology comes into play. TIG (Tungsten Inert Gas) welding is a form of tungsten gas arc welding, where the electrode acts as an arc supplier that does not melt during the welding process. The Gas Tungsten Acr Welding technique is generally used more on light metals such as magnesium, aluminum, and stainless steel, and other types of metal. This type 201 carbon steel has several mechanical characteristics, including a tensile strength of 580 Mpa, an elastic limit (yield strength) of 198 Mpa, an elongation rate of 50%, and a hardness of 87 HRBI. The aim of this research is to determine the tensile strength and microstructure of TIG (Tungsten Inert Gas) welding results with 45 degrees of V, U and J seams. This research was carried out with several flat 2D test models of 45 degrees of V, U and J seams with current. 110 - 120. This research was conducted at the Banyuwangi Job Training Center, in the Materials Laboratory for Mechanical Engineering at Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta and at the Mechanical Engineering Laboratory at Jember State University. In this research, the results of changes in tensile strength were quite significant. The lowest tensile strength value is found in the J weld seam with an average value of 394.4 MPA. Meanwhile, the highest tensile strength value is found in the V weld seam with an average value of 531.1 MPA. The results of the microstructure for J seam have the largest phase grains and V seam forms the smallest phase grains compared to the others. Kampuh V has quite a large number of grains because they are relatively small and dense.
Pengaruh Variasi Arus Las SMAW Terhadap Uji Tarik dan Uji Kekerasan Serta Struktur Mikro Pada Bahan ST 37 Surahman, Andika; Mufarida, Nely Ana; Kosjoko, Kosjoko
Journal of Engineering Science and Technology Vol. 1 No. 3 (2023): September
Publisher : Indonesian Journal Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47134/jesty.v1i3.21

Abstract

This research aims to determine the effect of variations in welding currents of 90A, 100A, and 110A on SMAW bases on the material in the tensile, hardness, and microstructure tests. This research uses ST37 low carbon steel and uses E6013 electrodes with a diameter of 3.2 mm, followed by making specimens for testing. After that, the welding process is carried out and then testing continues. In the test, the following results were obtained: The strength value of the welded material with tensile testing was obtained with the highest results at a current variation of 110A with Yp 27.33 Mpa, Max 36.47 Mpa, Break 31.08 Mpa. Because the highest pearlite microstructure value is obtained in the 110A variation. And the lowest value occurred in the welded material of variation 90A with Yp 25.48 Mpa, Max 26.86 Mpa, Break 12.33 Mpa. Because the lowest pearlite microstructure value is obtained in the 90A variation. while the comparison of the level of hardness in ST 37 carbon steel with varying welding currents ranging from 90A, 100A, and 110A has an average hardness value of 168 VHN for welding with a current of 90A for welding with a current of 100A the average hardness value is 177 VHN and finally in welding current 110A the average hardness value is 191 VHN. The hardness level of the ST 37 carbon steel specimen was the highest at a welding current of 110A, with a tensile strength test result of 36.47 MPa. And from the results of observing photos of the microstructure using the point count method, the highest percentage of pearlite was in the welding material variation 110A so the tensile strength value was higher.
Pengaruh Variasi Arus Pada Pengelasan SMAW Terhadap Uji Kekuatan Bending dan Struktur Micro Baja ST 42 Mabrullah, Riki Alan; Kosjoko, Kosjoko; Shofiyah, Rohimatush
Journal of Engineering Science and Technology Vol. 2 No. 2 (2024): May
Publisher : Indonesian Journal Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47134/jesty.v2i2.24

Abstract

This research aims to analyze the effect of variations in welding current on the mechanical strength of ST 42 steel using the SMAW welding method and E6013 electrodes with a diameter of 3.2 mm. The variations in welding current used are 90A, 100A and 110A. The tensile test results show that a welding current of 110A produces the highest tensile test value with a yield point (YP) of 8,368 MPa, maximum stress (MAX) of 9,890 MPa, and break point (BREAK) of 5,283 MPa. Bending tests indicate that a welding current of 110A produces the highest bending strength of 10.118 MPa. Microstructural observations revealed that the highest percentage of pearlite was present in welding with a current of 110A, which contributed to an increase in the tensile strength of the material. From the results of this research, it can be concluded that the increase in welding current is directly proportional to the increase in the mechanical strength of ST 42 steel
Co-Authors Abadi Sanosra Abadi, Taufan Abdul Rohman Aditya Dimas Pratama Aditya Dimas Pratama Aditya Wardana, Aditya Agus Surya S, M Ahmad Abi Sodik Aji Sangjoko Amelia novinda sari Amri Gunasti Ana Mufarida, Nely Andre, Irham Andrean Ardhi Fathoni Syam Putra Nusantara Ariyanto Ariyanto Ariyanto, Ariyanto Arta Abtian Fidhausi Alviyndin Asroful Abidin Atok Ainur Ridho Bagus Dwi Kurniawan, Bagus Dwi Bagus Novan Arianto Bintang Yudhistira Adi Wibowo David Maulana Dekiyanto Dwi Haryono Dendroimas Nandang Kaputra Dewi Amalia Din’go Ega Prayitno, Rachmad Djoko Sutikno Eko Budi Satoto Eko Budi Satoto Fajar Santosa, Muhammad Febri Ari Sandi Felani, Fran Nur Fendi Hermawan Feti Fatimah Fidhausi Alviyndin , Arta Abtian Finali, Asmar Firnanda Faiq Iswanto Fitriana Dina Rizkina Fran Nur Felani Galang Goldy Putra A.S.B Gery Retanubun Gilang, Aditya Gunawan, Arik Hairul Bahri, Mokh. Harum Tri Wahyudi Hawaij, Dedi Maulana Henik Prayuginingsih Hifni, Mada Naufal Ilham Maulana Indra Eka Prasetya Irawan, Moh Irfan Sholeh Wahyudi Iskandar Umarie Iskandar Umarie Khoiri, Yasirul Kiki Kurniawan M. Wildanul Kahfi Mabrullah, Riki Alan Mega Lazuardi Umar Mega Wahyu Ramadhanita Mihrozi, Moch Iqbal Moch Iqbal Mihrozi Moch. Arif Wibowo Moch. Thoriqur Rahman Syah Mochammad Hairul Bahri Moh Fadil Moh. Ainul Yaqin Mohammad Sofianto Mufarida Nely Ana Mufarida, Nely Ana Muh Andrea Wahyu Muhammad Hazmi Muhammad Nabiil Hadiyyatullah Muhammad Zaenuri Muhammad Zainur Ridlo Muliyaddi, Muliyaddi Nanang Saiful Rizal Nely Ana , Mufarida Nely Ana Mufarida Nely Ana Mufarida Nurhalim Nurhalim Nurhalim Nurhalim Nurhalim Nurhalim, Nurhalim Nurlina, Ika Tyas Octa, Hakim Pranoto, Rachmad Adi Pratama, Mokhammad Yoga Priagung Sujud Prasetyo Pujo Priyono Pujo Priyono Purnawan, Gilang Putra, Dhian Wahana Rachmad Adi Pranoto Rafly Aulia Rachman Retanubun, Gery REZA FAHLEVI Rofi Amzamsyah Romadhon, Muhammad Firly Sandi, Febri Ari Saptya Prawitasari Seno Sumowo Shofiyah, Rohimatush Sholehuddin, Ilham Sodik, Ahmad Abi Sonief, Achmad As'ad Sultan Maulana Abdul Wahid Surahman, Andika Toha, Kamil Totok Dwi Kuryanto Ukasyah Shibghaturrahman Ulumudin, M Ikhya Wahyu, Muh Andrea Wahyudi, Harum Tri Widya Ratrifolia Wisnu Iqbal Yuniar Yaqin, Moh. Ainul Yasirul Khoiri Yayah Ikhda Nevia Zuhairi, Rafi