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All Journal Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Jurnal Hubungan Internasional Madaniya Unri Conference Series: Community Engagement Bidik : Jurnal Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat Journal of Innovation Research and Knowledge Alfuad: Jurnal Sosial Keagamaan Alfuad: Jurnal Sosial Keagamaan Globe: Publikasi Ilmu Teknik, Teknologi Kebumian, Ilmu Perkapalan Prosiding Seminar Nasional Unimus
Irwan Iskandar
Universitas Riau
Religion Arts Humanities Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Earth & Planetary Sciences Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Engineering Health Professions Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Library & Information Science Mechanical Engineering Nursing Public Health Social Sciences

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KEPENTINGAN TIONGKOK DALAM PROYEK BELT AND ROAD INITIATIVE (BRI) DI REPUBLIK DEMOKRATIK KONGO (RD KONGO) TAHUN 2021-2024 Calfin Justinus Sidabariba; Irwan Iskandar
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Vol. 13: Edisi I Januari - Juni 2026
Publisher : Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Universitas Riau

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Abstract

This research analyzes China's strategic interests in implementing the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) project in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) during the 2021-2024 period. The study is motivated by the anomaly in China's foreign policy, which continues to inject massive investments into DR Congo's mining and infrastructure sectors despite the country's high political vulnerability and armed conflict risks. Utilizing a qualitative approach and document study method, this research investigates the strategic calculations behind this anomaly through the frameworks of classical realism, rational actor theory, and the concept of national interest. The findings reveal that the implementation of the BRI in DR Congo is not merely a form of development cooperation, but an asymmetric geostrategic instrument driven by two primary Chinese national interests. First, economic well-being interests manifested in efforts to monopolize the upstream and downstream supply chains of critical minerals to sustain its domestic green technology industry, while simultaneously eliminating geoeconomic competition from the Western Bloc, such as the Lobito Corridor initiative. Second, security interests realized through the private securitization of mining assets by co-opting local military security forces (FARDC), expanding military diplomacy, and protecting global logistics routes. In conclusion, the integration of geoeconomic expansion and asset securitization through the BRI project solidifies DR Congo as a vital subordinate satellite state to ensure the sustainability of China's raw material supply and geopolitical supremacy. Keywords: Belt and Road Initiative, China, Democratic Republic of the Congo, National Interest, Critical Minerals.
PERAN WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION (WTO) DALAM MENYELESAIKAN SENGKETA PERDAGANGAN TIONGKOK DAN AUSTRALIA TENTANG PENERAPAN BEA ANTI-DUMPING PADA ANGGUR MERAH (WINE) DS602 Melda Okta Shella; Irwan Iskandar
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Vol. 13: Edisi I Januari - Juni 2026
Publisher : Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Universitas Riau

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Abstract

The WTO's role in resolving the trade dispute between China and Australia regarding the imposition of anti-dumping duties on Australian red wine products (DS602). The dispute arose from China's policy of imposing anti-dumping duties on Australian wine imports, citing dumping and subsidy practices that were detrimental to China's domestic industry. Australia then challenged the policy at the WTO, arguing that it violated the provisions of the Anti-Dumping Agreement and the Dispute Settlement Agreement (DSU). The outcome of this dispute resolution is in accordance with Article 3.6 of the DSU, namely through a mutually agreed solution, which provides an opportunity for both countries to resolve the dispute amicably outside the WTO panel's decision while maintaining the applicable regulatory provisions.The results of this dispute resolution are in accordance with Article 3.6 of the DSB, namely through a mutually agreed solution, which provides both countries with the opportunity to resolve the dispute peacefully outside the WTO panel's decision while maintaining the applicable regulatory provisions. Keywords: WTO, Wine, Anti-dumping,Tiongkok,Australia
KERJASAMA PEMERINTAH KABUPATEN LANGKAT DAN PROJECT WINGS DALAM PROGRAM RECYCLING VILLAGE DI BUKIT LAWANG SUMATERA UTARA M. Habib Alfaridzi Khairuddin; Irwan Iskandar
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Vol. 13: Edisi II Juli - Desember 2026
Publisher : Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Universitas Riau

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Abstract

Bukit Lawang, the main gateway to Gunung Leuser National Park and a UNESCO World Heritage in Danger site since 2011, faces a structural waste crisis caused by the limited capacity of the Langkat Regency Government to manage tourism waste independently and sustainably. This qualitative case study analyzes the root environmental problems, the form of cooperation, and the implementation of the Recycling Village program between the Langkat Regency Government and Project Wings, using in-depth interviews with six key informants, participatory observation, and document analysis across the 2020-2025 period, analyzed through Keohane and Nye's Complex Interdependence framework. Findings show the crisis stems from a triple institutional misfit (spatial, temporal, and functional), that cooperation was informal for five years (2020-2025) and highly asymmetrical in financing yet persists due to distributed asymmetrical interdependence, and that the program converted more than 35 tons of plastic waste into over 70,000 ecobricks used to build eight functional structures. The study concludes that a complementary, interest-based transnational partnership effectively fills local government's capacity gap in managing environmental issues bound to an international accountability regime. Keywords: transnational cooperation, complex interdependence, waste management, World Heritage Site, Recycling Village, Bukit Lawang.
STRATEGI UNI EROPA DALAM MENINGKATKAN KEAMANAN MARITIM DI TELUK GUINEA MELALUI COORDINATED MARITIME PRESENCES (CMP) Intan Tiara Nabila; Irwan Iskandar
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Vol. 13: Edisi I Januari - Juni 2026
Publisher : Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Universitas Riau

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Abstract

The Gulf of Guinea is a strategic maritime region in West Africa rich in oil and gas resources. In 2019–2020, attacks and kidnappings surged by 40%, making this region responsible for 95% of maritime kidnapping cases worldwide. In response, the European Union launched the Coordinated Maritime Presences (CMP) concept to enhance maritime security in the area. This study aims to analyze the implementation of CMP using maritime security theory and the group-of-states level of analysis, employing a qualitative approach through literature review. The findings reveal that the European Union implemented CMP in the Gulf of Guinea to strengthen regional maritime security, safeguard energy supplies, and secure shipping lanes for member states' vessels engaged in economic activities in these waters. Through CMP, the European Union has contributed to reducing piracy and kidnapping incidents in the Gulf of Guinea by up to 50%. Keywords: Maritime Security, European Union, CMP
Co-Authors Adina Ramadhani Adinda Chandra Fadhilla Agus Riadi Ahmad Hadi Ahmad Jamaan Aldian Febris Adhiwidjaya Alfita Wulandari Algola Trisakti Annisa Andriani Annisa Prima Bernaz Arwiyanto Jody Amalino Athoriq Budiansyah Sallam Ayu Lestari Yulia Fitri Azyzi Syahren Revina Bella Chairati Fatimah Putri Putri Bobby Soemantri Calfin Justinus Sidabariba Dara Yuliyanti Ningsih Dedi Parna Delin Belani Ginting Den Yealta Dewi Rizqianti Dika Aditya Putra Elsa Mulyani Ester Mahdalena Nainggolan Fadilla Awalia Fatimah Zahara Fiona Fiona Fitri Juliani Frinsiska Manurung Gina Putri Candra Hanifa Octaviani Haniva Sekar Deanty Hendrini Renola Herliana Rahmi MD Ibrahim " Ikhma Zurani Indri Utari Intan Tiara Nabila Jhon Mayer H. Siahaan Jihan Nabila Fahmi Jihan Nadira Eminita G. Juliani Tanjung Karlos Dominggo Hutagalung Khoiriyah " Lidya Desriyanti Lisda Rud Auri Manurung Lugi Dola Algina Lulu Gusvica Irhandi M Bisri Mustofa M. Habib Alfaridzi Khairuddin Mario Rizki Maya Bonita Melda Okta Shella Mohammad Saeri Muhammad Ade Naufal Muhammad Firdaus Muhammad Iqbal Musthofa Muhammad Zikril Aziz Muslina " Nabila Arista Wedhea Naufal Fadhila Nofyora Rahayu Nur Afrillia Nur Maida Nurhayati Nurhayati Nurhayati Nurul Laili Sari Oktri Permata Lani Pazli, Pazli Putri Lestari Putri Rahma Dewi Radha Novia Sandi Rahayu Pertiwi Rahmat Pranata Putra Rahmi Trirosa Ranny Penita Putri Razululul Azmi Regina Elisha Hutabarat Renolafitri, Hendrini Rianti " Rima Sartika Ulfa Ririn Suhasni Rahayu Rizka Rizka, Rizka Rohayu " Rosa Mika Susan Rumyeni, Rumyeni Rury Febriana Salsabila Salsabila Sesdia Angela Sinta Asmara Tantri Puspita Yazid Teguh Pratama Akmal Tia Rachmi Tiara Nur Bayti Tio Afrianda Trisiska Apriani Siburian Vemby " Widi Agra Agatha Widri Khairani Williadi Pratama Wiwid Try Lestari Wulan Sari Purnama Yaumun Nurul Chotimah Yesicha, Chelsy Yessi Olivia Yossy Dwi Apriyanti Yulman Suhendra Yundhera Danazahra Yusnarida Eka Nizmi Yuszuraini " Zia Aurani