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Karakteristik Pembakaran Difusi Campuran Bahan Bakar Minyak Kelapa Murni Dengan Bioaditif Minyak Cengkeh Fairuddin, Fairuddin; Riupassa, Helen; Nanlohy, Hendry Y.
Rekayasa Material, Manufaktur dan Energi Vol 7, No 1: Januari 2024
Publisher : Fakultas Teknik UMSU

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30596/rmme.v7i1.17499

Abstract

Biofuel derived from raw vegetable oil is considered a crucial alternative energy source to address the escalating fuel energy crisis due to the growth of industrial activities and the human population. The compounds present in raw coconut oil, including saturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and glycerol, constitute the focus of this research. The combustion of raw coconut oil involves a complex reaction due to the presence of saturated chain bonds, necessitating additional substances to weaken the carbon chains and enhance the combustion rate. This study employs the suspended droplet combustion method to increase the contact between air and fuel, thereby improving the reactivity of fuel molecules. To boost the combustion rate of coconut oil droplets, a bio-additive in the form of clove oil is experimentally added. Research findings reveal that the compound eugenol in clove oil possesses aromatic properties and a non-symmetrical carbon chain geometry. This factor can potentially expedite effective collisions among fuel molecules, consequently improving the ease of fuel combustion. In conclusion, this research provides insights into the potential use of coconut oil as a biofuel, highlighting the role of bio-additives such as clove oil in enhancing combustion rate efficiency. The study contributes to our understanding of strategies that can be applied to optimize the utilization of biofuel derived from raw vegetable oil.
Study Eksperimental Karakteristik Penyalaan Minyak Kelapa Sebagai Bahan Bakar Alternatif Dengan Penambahan Bioaditif Minyak Kayu Putih Timang, Rison Sando; Riupassa, Helen; Nanlohy, Hendry Y.
Rekayasa Material, Manufaktur dan Energi Vol 7, No 2: Juli 2024
Publisher : Fakultas Teknik UMSU

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30596/rmme.v7i2.18251

Abstract

The limited availability of diesel oil encourages efforts to find new energy sources as alternative diesel fuels. Biodiesel can be extracted from various agricultural products, for example, coconut oil. As a tropical country, Indonesia is a very effective and potential country as a coconut producer. Vegetable oil has a higher viscosity than diesel oil. Compose bio-oils with various fuels additive is the way to reduce viscosity values, among others, by combining nanocarbon and metal catalysts. This study goals to know the characteristics of burning coconut oil as an alternative fuel with the addition of eucalyptus oil; and how long the combustion process takes from the starting point to the end. The results showed that adding eucalyptus oil to coconut oil can reduce the weakening of the carbon chain and increase the combustion temperature. The combustion efficiency of this coconut oil mixture varies depending on the amount of eucalyptus oil added, resulting in faster fuel combustion and a more powerful explosion. The color of the fire is an essential factor in ensuring that this mixture can be used safely and efficiently.
Comparative Studies on Combustion Characteristics of Blended Crude Jatropha Oil with Magnetic Liquid Catalyst and DEX under Normal Gravity Condition Nanlohy, Hendry Y.
Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science and Technology (JMEST) Vol 5, No 2 (2021)
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17977/um016v5i22021p079

Abstract

A comparative study on the combustion characteristics of a single droplet fueled by DEX, crude jatropha oil (CJO), and a mixture of CJO with a magnetic liquid catalyst of rhodium trisulfate has been carried out under normal gravity conditions. The high viscosity of crude jatropha oil makes it difficult to burn under normal conditions (room temperature and atmospheric pressure), therefore the addition of a magnetic liquid catalyst rhodium trisulfate is needed to improve the properties of crude jatropha oil. As a catalyst, rhodium trisulfate has the potential to improve combustion performance while improving the physical properties of crude jatropha oil as an alternative fuel for the better. Furthermore, performance tests were also carried out with DEX fuel with a cetane number (CNs) 53. The results showed that compared to DEX, it was seen that the liquid metal catalyst rhodium trisulfate succeeded in making crude jatropha oil more charged so that the combustion process was better. This is evidenced by a significant change in the dimensions of the flame and an increase in the combustion temperature. Moreover, it is also seen that the burning rate increases and the ignition delay become faster.
Artificial Neural Network-Based Modeling of Performance Spark Ignition Engine Fuelled with Bioethanol and Gasoline Marianingsih, Susi; Mar’i, Farhanna; Nanlohy, Hendry Y.
Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science and Technology (JMEST) Vol 7, No 2 (2023)
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17977/um016v7i22023p190

Abstract

Machine learning technology can distinguish the relationship between engine characteristics and performances. Therefore, the goal of the present work is to predict the performance parameters of a single-cylinder 4-stroke gasoline engine at different ignition timings using a blended mixture of gasoline and bioethanol by an artificial neural network (ANN). Experimental data for training and testing in the proposed ANN was obtained at a dynamic speed and full load condition. An ANN model was developed based on standard Back-Propagation algorithm for the spark ignition engine. Multi-layer perception network (MLP) was used for non-linear mapping between the input and output parameters. An optimizer in the family of quasi-Newton methods (lbfgs) and the rectified linear unit function were used to assess the percentage error between the desired and the predicted values. The network input parameters are engine speed, fuel, and ignition timing. Furthermore, torque, power, specific fuel consumption (SFC), thermal efficiency (ηth), and energy consumption (EC) are taken as output parameters. The results show that ANN is the proper method for predicting SIE performance because it has accurate prediction results that are very similar to experimental results. Moreover, from the observation results, the ANN model can predict the engine performance quite well with correlation coefficient (R)=0.962139 and MSE=0.003967 for data testing.
Computational Fluid Dynamics Analysis of Temperature Distribution in Solar Distillation Panel with Various Flat Plate Materials Trismawati, Trismawati; Nanlohy, Hendry Y.; Riupassa, Helen; Marianingsih, Susi
Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science and Technology (JMEST) Vol 8, No 1 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17977/um0168i12024p108

Abstract

As the world population continues to grow, the demand for clean water is increasing daily, making it a crucial resource to access. However, there are ways to harness abundant resources like solar energy and seawater to produce clean water. The present studies have conducted experimental investigations to convert seawater into freshwater using solar stills, where solar energy is utilized as the primary heat source for evaporation. The temperature distribution inside the solar stills was analyzed using a flat plate made of three different materials: copper, stainless steel, and aluminum. To examine the temperature distribution and performance of the solar stills, researchers employed computational fluid dynamics simulations (Ansys R15.0). The results showed variations in temperature distribution among the three plate materials. Copper flat plates achieved the highest temperature, approximately 44.5 Celsius, followed by aluminum at 43.91 Celsius, while stainless steel exhibited the lowest temperature at around 42.01 Celsius. The average heat flux across the three materials was approximately 581 W/m2. Additionally, observations indicated that the amount of convection occurring in copper flat plates was 121.108 Watts; in aluminum, it was 118.517 Watts; and in stainless steel, it was 105.05 Watts. The radiation energy for stainless steel flat plates was 29.93 W; for copper, 16.14 W; and for aluminum, 13.49 W.
Karakterisasi Arang Karbon Hasil Pirolisis Limbah Kulit Pinang Dengan Dan Tanpa Ethanol Sebagai Aktivator Peday, Harold Thijs Nadyo; Sialana, Jufri; Mini, Marthina; Nanlohy, Hendry Y
Rekayasa Material, Manufaktur dan Energi Vol 8, No 1: Januari 2025
Publisher : Fakultas Teknik UMSU

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30596/rmme.v8i1.21862

Abstract

Activated carbon is a crucial material widely used in various applications, including water purification and waste treatment. Areca nut husk, often regarded as waste, shows great potential as an alternative raw material for activated carbon. This study aims to characterize the structure and chemical properties of activated carbon derived from areca husk waste through an ethanol activation process. The activation process was conducted to enhance the porosity and surface area of the activated carbon, thereby increasing its adsorption capacity. Microstructure observations, XRD, TGA, and FTIR analyses were conducted to evaluate the quality of the activated carbon. The results showed that activated carbon with activation has a more complex pore structure, higher crystallinity, and additional functional group such as hydroxyl, which improve adsorption capacity and thermal stability. This study demonstrates that ethanol-activated areca husk has significant potential for various environmental and industrial applications.
Karakteristik Penyalaan Droplet Minyak Kelapa Dengan Campuran Biokatalis Karbon Aktif Kulit Pinang Walintukan, Akbar Vicky V; Riupassa, Helen; Nanlohy, Hendry Yoshua
Rekayasa Material, Manufaktur dan Energi Vol 8, No 1: Januari 2025
Publisher : Fakultas Teknik UMSU

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30596/rmme.v8i1.21756

Abstract

This study aims to reveal the combustion characteristics of coconut oil as an alternative fuel by adding active bio-carbon catalysts from areca nut skin. 1-3 ppm catalysts reduce viscosity, so the fuel quickly absorbs heat and ignites. This study uses the www droplet ignition method to increase the contact area between air and fuel so that the reactivity of fuel molecules increases. The results showed that adding areca nut skin-activated carbon catalysts improved fuel performance, whereas coconut oil fuel can absorb heat and release energy quickly. This was clarified from the results of the TGA test, where when compared with a mixture of 1 to 3 ppm, it was seen that the mix of coconut oil with a two ppm catalyst was the most effective because it had a high temperature with a stable heat flow. These results indicate that activated carbon from areca nut skin has excellent potential to be used as a biocatalyst for environmentally friendly and economical vegetable oil.
Captivating Combustion Traits of Bio-Oil Droplets Enriched with Bio-Additives from the Areca Shell Waste Raehan, Muhammad Alif; Riupassa, Helen; Nanlohy, Hendry Yoshua
Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science and Technology (JMEST) Vol 8, No 2 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17977/um016v8i22024p384

Abstract

Fuel derived from crude vegetable oil, such as coconut oil, holds promise as an alternative energy source to mitigate the increasing reliance on fossil fuels driven by population growth and industrial activities. The experiment involved suspending a single droplet of crude coconut oil mixed with activated carbon from areca shell waste and placed at the junction on R-type thermocouple (Pt/Pt-Rh13%). The droplets were ignited using a hot wire and subjected to atmospheric pressure and room temperature. Coconut oil comprises a saturated triglyceride carbon chain compound of approximately 91%, and areca shell waste possesses a porous structure that fosters favorable interactions between fuel molecules. The droplet combustion method was selected to streamline the process and enhance the contact area between air and fuel, thereby boosting the reactivity of fuel molecules. The research found that adding activated carbon shortens the carbon chain, making it more reactive and easier for the fuel to ignite. Specifically, activated carbon significantly enhances fuel performance at a concentration of two parts per million (ppm). At this level, the fuel absorbs heat more effectively and ignites faster compared to one ppm and three ppm levels. Moreover, the results show that heat absorption occurs slowly at one ppm, while at three ppm, the increased molecular mass of the fuel can strengthen carbon-bonding forces. These factors contribute to a longer ignition time for the fuel. The findings suggest that the activated carbon from areca shell waste can play a good role as a combustion catalyst, where overall, fuel performance increases.
Characteristics of syngas combustion resulting from coffee husk biomass waste gasification process: Overview of automotive fuel alternatives Sanata, Andi; Sholahuddin, Imam; Nashrullah, Muhammad Dimyati; Nanlohy, Hendry Y.; Panithasan, Mebin Samuel
Mechanical Engineering for Society and Industry Vol 4 No 2 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Magelang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31603/mesi.12590

Abstract

The production of syngas from coffee husk biomass waste as a raw material offers significant potential as an alternative automotive fuel source through the gasification process, considering the abundant resources available. Therefore, this study aimed to characterize the physical properties of the fuel initially, in order to observe the differences in these properties after the fuel underwent Ultra Fine Bubble treatment. The objective was to analyze the combustion characteristics of syngas derived from coffee husk biomass waste, to develop a sustainable alternative to fossil fuels for automotive applications. The results showed that with increasing air discharge, the concentration of CO and H₂ gases in gasified syngas increased while the concentration of CH4 decreased. Additionally, higher air discharge resulted in lower tar content, higher flame temperature, higher flame height visualization, and higher generator power output as a review of the feasibility of alternative automotive fuels.
Comprehensive analysis of tar reduction method in biomass gasification for clean energy production: A Review Prasetiyo, Dani Hari Tunggal; Sanata, Andi; Sholahuddin, Imam; Nashrullah, Muhammad Dimyati; Nanlohy, Hendry Y.; Panithasan, Mebin Samuel
Mechanical Engineering for Society and Industry Vol 4 No 3 (2024): Special Issue on Technology Update 2024
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Magelang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31603/mesi.12712

Abstract

Biomass gasification is a promising renewable energy technology for the production of synthetic gas (syngas), consisting of hydrogen (H₂), carbon monoxide (CO), and methane (CH₄). This technology's primary challenge is tar formation – a heavy hydrocarbon compound that can block equipment, poison catalysts, and deteriorate syngas quality. Therefore, this study aimed to examine different tar reduction methods to support clean energy production through biomass gasification. To achieve this aim, two main approaches were adopted and the first was in-situ, focusing on modifying gasifier design and adjusting operational parameters. The second was ex-situ, which included catalytic reforming, thermal cracking, and plasma technology. The analysis also assessed different catalysts, such as biochar, and dolomite, as well as nickel- and iron-based materials, comparing their efficiency, sustainability, and economic viability. Several key factors influenced tar formation and reduction, namely feedstock type, operating temperature, air ratio, and reactor configuration. The result showed that combining in-situ and ex-situ technologies had substantial potential to significantly reduce tar, improve syngas quality, and optimize system performance. However, some challenges observed were reduced catalyst efficiency, high energy costs, and the need for more sustainable technologies. To improve the performance of gasification systems, this study provided information on catalyst development, operational parameter optimization, and plasma technology integration. Finally, the analysis provided a scientific basis and strategic recommendations to overcome tar problems and encourage the commercial use of biomass gasification towards a clean energy transition.