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Pengaruh Substitusi Hijauan dan Konsentrat dengan Silase Daun dan Hay Ubi Kayu terhadap Produksi dan Kualitas Susu Sapi Perah Friesian Holstein Azhar Amir; Bagus Priyo Purwanto; Nahrowi Nahrowi; Afton Atabany; Salundik Salundik; Ahmad Yani
Jurnal Agripet Vol 22, No 1 (2022): Volume 22, No. 1, April 2022
Publisher : Agricultural Faculty

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17969/agripet.v22i1.20512

Abstract

ABSTRACT. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh substitusi hijauan dengan silase daun ubi kayu (SDUK) dan konsentrat dengan hay ubi kayu difermentasi ragi (Habira) terhadap produksi susu, kualitas susu, dan efisiensi ekonomi sapi perah. Materi yang digunakan adalah lima (5) ekor sapi Friesian Holstein (FH) periode laktasi kedua (6611 hari) dengan bobot badan 387,66,8 kg diberi perlakuan pakan dalam Rancangan Bujur Sangkar Latin 5 x 5. Perlakuannya adalah T0 (hijauan 60% + 20% konsentrat + 20% ampas tahu), T1 (hijauan 40% + 20% SDUK + 20% konsentrat + 20% ampas tahu), T2 (hijauan 40% + 20% SDUK + 15%. konsentrat + 20% ampas tahu + 5% Habira), T3 (40% hijauan + 20% SDUK + 15% konsentrat + 20% ampas tahu + 10% Habira) dan T4 (60% hijauan + 10% konsentrat + 20% limbah tahu + 10% Habira). Variabel yang diukur adalah indeks suhu kelembapan (THI), konsumsi pakan, produksi susu, kualitas susu, hubungan konsumsi protein dan total nutrien tercerna/total digestible nutrient (TDN) dengan produksi susu serta efisiensi pakan dan ekonomi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai THI yang diperoleh mengindikasikan sapi perah mengalami cekaman panas. Perlakuan T1, T2, T3 dan T4 berbeda nyata (P0,05) dengan T0 dalam konsumsi nutrisi dan produksi susu, sedangkan komposisi susu tidak berbeda nyata antar perlakuan. Konsumsi protein dan TDN pakan memiliki hubungan linier dengan produksi susu (P0,05). Tidak ada perbedaan signifikan (P0,05) dalam efisiensi pakan dan ekonomis. Dapat disimpulkan SDUK dan Habira merupakan pengganti hijauan dan konsentrat yang baik untuk sapi perah laktasi.(Effect of forage and concentrate substitution with cassava leaves silage and cassava hay on milk production and milk composition of Friesian Holstein dairy cows)ABSTRAK. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of forage replacement by cassava leaves silage (CLS) and commercial concentrate by yeast fermented cassava hay (Yefecah) on the production and quality of milk and economic evaluation. Five, early on the second lactation cycle (6611 day in milk) Holstein Friesian cows were randomly assigned to a 5 (treatments) x 5 (replications). Treatments were T0 (60% forage + 20% concentrate + 20% tofu waste), T1 (40% forage + 20% CLS + 20 % concentrate + 20% tofu waste), T2 (40% forage + 20 % CLS + 15% concentrate + 20% tofu waste + 5% Yefecah), T3 (40% forage + 20 % CLS + 15% concentrate + 20% tofu waste + 10% Yefecah) and T4 (60% forage + 10% concentrate + 20% tofu waste + 10% Yefecah). Variables measured were temperature-humidity index (THI), feed intake, milk production, milk composition, interrelationship crude protein (CP) and total digestible nutrient (TDN) supply to milk production, and economic factors. The Result shows that T1, T2, T3, and T4 were significantly (P0.05) from T0 on nutrients intake and milk production. Whilst, the treatments were not significant (P0.05) affect to 4% fat corrected milk (FCM) and milk quality with T2 and T3 obtained the best value. The variables of CP and TDN intake have a positive relationship to milk production (P0.05). There were no significant differences in (P0.05) in feed and economical efficiency. It could be concluded that cassava foliage silage and yefecah were the good replacement of forage and concentrate for dairy cows.
Performance Pheretima sp. and The Quality of Vermicompost on Media Using Clam and Snail Shell Flour C. D. Darmawan; A. M. Fuah; Y. C. Endrawati; Salundik
Jurnal Ilmu Produksi dan Teknologi Hasil Peternakan Vol. 12 No. 3 (2024): Jurnal Ilmu Produksi dan Teknologi Hasil Peternakan
Publisher : Department of Animal Production and Technology, Faculty of Animal Science, IPB University in associated with Animal Scientist's Society of Indonesia (HILPI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/jipthp.12.3.144-150

Abstract

The abundance of green mussel shells, clam shells, and snail shells that have not been maximally utilized has caused environmental disturbances. These shells can be used as a substitute for worm food because of their good nutritional content. This research aimed to analyze the productivity of Pheretima sp. with the combination of shell powder (green mussel, clam, and snail) and cow dung to their living media (feed) and the quality of vermicompost. The data were analyzed using SAS Studio application with completely randomized design (CRD), 10 treatment levels, with 3 replications each. The observed variables included earthworm productivity, vermicompost quality, and vermicompost performance. The results of the studyshow a significant (P<0.05) on the use of green mussel shell 10% in all earthworm productivity variables, and show a significant (P<0.05) on the use of green mussel shell 30% in vermicompost quality and vermicompost performance. The combination of 10% green mussel shell powder in cow dung media can increase the productivity of Pheretima sp. The best vermicompost testing result on water spinach plants was found in the treatment with the addition of 30% green mussel shell powder in cow dung media.
Sustainability Analysis of Bali Cattle Farming (Bos Javanicus) in Tebo District P. Yulianso; A. M. Fuah; R. Priyanto; Salundik
Jurnal Ilmu Produksi dan Teknologi Hasil Peternakan Vol. 13 No. 1 (2025): Jurnal Ilmu Produksi dan Teknologi Hasil Peternakan
Publisher : Department of Animal Production and Technology, Faculty of Animal Science, IPB University in associated with Animal Scientist's Society of Indonesia (HILPI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/jipthp.13.1.8-14

Abstract

Tebo Regency is known as one of the centers for beef cattle farming in Jambi Province. Raising Balinese cattle on people’s farms is dominated by local cattle, especially Bali cattle (Bos javanicus). The study aims to stop the business index for Bali cattle farming integrated with oil palm plantations in Tebo Regency on intensive and extensive rearing patterns. This research uses a survey method, a longing index using a Multidimensional Scaling (MDS) approach called Rap-CP (Cattle Palm), a modified approach from the rapfish program. Multidimensional scaling (MDS) RAP-CP method (palm cattle). The results of the analysis of the inventory index values for the economic, legal-institutional, technological-infrastructural, socio-cultural and ecological dimensions of intensive and widespread maintenance patterns, respectively in the categories entirely sustainable (68.72) and very sustainable (88.44), entirely sustainable (67.05) and less sustainable (40.67), entirely sustainable (55.34) and less sustainable (32.87), less sustainable (39.94) and less sustainable (37.04), quite sustainable (52.46) and entirely (74.41). The results of sustainability index analysis indicate that Tebo Regency has sustainable potential for establishing a Bali cattle farming enterprise using an extensive rearing system.
Physical, Chemical and Organoleptic Characteristics of Lactose-Free Milk-Based Ice Cream Arifin, Muhamad; Detiara, Azzahra; Arief, Irma Isnafia; Soenarno, Moch. Sriduresta; Fajr, Aulia Irhamni; Wulandari, Zakiah; Suryati, Tuti; Apriantini, Astari; ., Salundik; Murtini, Devi; Budiman, Cahyo; Taufik, Epi
Jurnal Teknologi Hasil Peternakan Vol 6, No 1 (2025): Maret
Publisher : Unpad Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/jthp.v6i1.61822

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Lactose-intolerant individuals avoid consuming milk and dairy products, which may lead to deficiencies in essential nutrients naturally present in milk. Lactose-free milk, characterized by its higher sweetness compared to full-cream milk, serves as an ideal base for ice cream—a widely consumed product valued for its sweetness and unique texture. This study aims to analyze the physical, chemical and organoleptic characteristics of lactose-free ice cream. Lactose-free milk was produced using 0.2% lactase enzyme. The evaluated parameters included viscosity, overrun, melting time, pH, sweetness level, total caloric content, lactose content, and organoleptic properties. Data were analyzed using a t-test by comparing ice cream made with whole milk and lactose-free milk. The results indicated that lactose-free ice cream exhibited a significantly higher overrun (p < 0.05), a sweeter taste, and lower total caloric content. However, it had a shorter melting time. No significant differences (p > 0.05) were observed in viscosity, pH, or organoleptic properties. These findings suggest that lactose-free ice cream demonstrates a comparable level of consumer acceptance to whole milk-based ice cream. Keywords: ice cream, lactase, lactose free milk, lactose intolerant,  whole milk
Pengaruh Substitusi Pakan Komersial dengan Pakan Hasil Samping Agroindustri pada Babi Fase Grower: Effect of Agroindustrial By-Product as Commercial Feed Substitution on Grower Phase Pigs Matutu, Ardi; Wiryawan, I Komang Gede; Salundik; Negara, Windu
Jurnal Ilmu Nutrisi dan Teknologi Pakan Vol. 23 No. 1 (2025): Jurnal Ilmu Nutrisi dan Teknologi Pakan
Publisher : Departemen Ilmu Nutrisi dan Teknologi Pakan Fakultas Peternakan Institut Pertanian Bogor

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/jintp.23.1.1-9

Abstract

This research was conducted to determine the impact of substituting commercial feed with agroindustrial by-product feed on the growth performance of pigs in the grower phase and the benefits obtained by farmers. A total of 20 pigs aged 18 weeks were tested in a randomized block design with four treatments and five replications. The feed treatments were P0= commercial feed (CP 552), P1= 50% CP552 and 50% agroindustry feed, P2= 100% agroindustry feed, and P3= P2 feed with the addition of phytase and mannase enzymes. The results showed that feed consumption, body weight gain, and feed conversion were not significantly different among the treatments. The digestibility of the P0 was significantly higher than that of P1, P2, and P3 (p<0.05). The digestibility of the P3 was not significantly different from that of the P1; however, it was significantly higher than P2 (p<0.05). The IOFC of P2 was higher than P0 and P1, while P3 resulted in the highest IOFC among treatments. It can be concluded that utilizing feed containing agro-industrial by-products could substitute 100% of commercial feed in growing pigs and provides 60% higher income than commercial feed. Moreover, additional phytase and mannase enzymes on agroindustrial by-products feed might provide 89% higher income than commercial feed. Key words: agroindustry, by-products, commercial feed, pigs, substitution
Optimization of Agro-Industrial By-Product-Based Feed as a Substitute for Commercial Feed in Starter Pigs Pongtuluran, Ardi Matutu; Wiryawan, I Komang G; Salundik; Negara, Windu
Indonesian Journal of Applied Research (IJAR) Vol. 6 No. 1 (2025): Indonesian Journal of Applied Research (IJAR)
Publisher : Universitas Djuanda

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30997/ijar.v6i1.566

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The high feed price, mainly commercial feed, made it unaffordable for smallholder-scale pig farmers in Toraja. As a result, rations were given to pigs without considering nutritional content. This study aimed to substitute commercial feed with agro-industrial by-product-based feed in starter pigs. A total of 20 local breeding pigs, aged 13 weeks, were tested using a randomized group design consisting of 4 treatments with 5 replicates. The treatments were P0 = 100% commercial feed as control; P1 =substitution of 50% with agro-industrial by-product feed; P2 = substitution of 100% agro-industrial by-product feed; P3 = P2 + phytase and mannanase enzymes. ANOVA and Duncan test were performed for analysis the data. The results showed that substituting commercial feed with agro-industrial by-products feed had no negative impact on dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), and crude protein (CP) intake. However, substituting commercial feed with agro-industry feed significantly decreased the digestibility of feed nutrients. The lowest digestibility values were obtained from the 100% agro-industrial by-product-based feeds at 77.81%, 80.17%, and 38.15% for DM, OM, and neutral detergent fiber (NDF), respectively. Interestingly, adding the enzyme mannanase and phytase (P3) significantly increased the digestibility values of DM, OM, and NDF to 82.79%, 85.14%, and 53.67%. This study also showed no effect of commercial feed substitution up to 50% on the performance of pigs in the starter phase. In addition, this practice can also increase farmers' income by up to 15%.
Review: Potensi Ayam Arab sebagai Penghasil Pangan Fungsional yang Terintegrasi dengan Ulat Hongkong dan Tanaman Rab, Samsu Alam; Fuah, AM; Salundik, Salundik
Buletin Peternakan Tropis Vol. 4 No. 1 (2023)
Publisher : BPFP Universitas Bengkulu

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31186/bpt.4.1.39-48

Abstract

This literature review aims to discuss potential Arabic chicken as functional food integrated with Tenebrio molitor and plants. The results show that Arabic chicken is one of the poultry farm commodities in Indonesia. It has adaptive advantages to the environment and high egg production around 250 to 280 eggs/year. Arabic chicken has potential as functional food. Innovation was needed to produce omega 3 eggs as functional food with adding tenebrio molitor in fed. Tenebrio molitor has a high quantity and quality of protein content and amino acid profile. Arabic chicken also produce waste, if not managed properly will have a bad impact on livestock and human health and environmental pollution. Arabic chicken was able to produce fresh waste of about 80 to 100 g/day. Feces from Arabic chickem contains lots of nutrien such as  nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium which are good for improving soil structure and plant growth. Integration system between Arabic chickens, tenebrio molitor  and plants has the potential for developed to produce functional food. It can be concluded that Tenebrio molitor  as a source of protein in fed, also have a special function to produce eggs enrichment with omega 3. By-products fromArabic chicken can be used  as organic plant fertilizers, so it can overcome environmental problems and reduce chemical fertilizers.   Key words: Arabic chicken, functional food, Tenebrio molitor, plant   ABSTRAK Telaah pustaka ini bertujuan untuk membahas potensi ayam arab sebagai ternak penghasil pangan fungsional yang diintegrasikan dengan ulat hongkong dan tanaman. Hasil telaah menunjukkan bahwa ayam Arab merupakan salah satu komoditas peternakan unggas yang diusahakan di Indonesia. Memiliki keunggulan adaptif terhadap lingkungan dan produksi telur tinggi sekitar 250 hingga 280 butir/tahun. Ayam arab memiliki potensi sebagai penghasil pangan fungsional. Inovasi untuk menghasilkan telur omega 3 sebagai pangan fungsional, salah satunya pemanfaatan ulat hongkong dalam ransum ternak. Ulat hongkong memiliki kandungan protein dan profil asam amino yang tinggi. Selain telur, ayam arab juga menghasilkan limbah yang dapat berdampak buruk terhadap kesehatan ternak dan manusia. Limbah ayam kaya nutrisi mengandung banyak nitrogen, fosfor dan kalium yang baik untuk perbaikan struktur tanah dan pertumbuhan tanaman. Usaha peternakan sistem integrasi antara ayam arab, ulat hongkong dan tanaman berpotensi dikembangkan sebagai penghasil pangan fungsional. Dapat disimpulkan ulat hongkong selain sebagai sumber protein dalam pakan, juga memiliki fungsi khusus untuk menghasilkan telur tinggi omega 3. Produk sampingan, berupa limbah yang dihasilkan ayam arab dimanfaatkan sebagai pupuk organik tanaman, sehingga bisa mengatasi permasalahan lingkungan dan mengurangi ketergantungan pupuk kimia.   Kata kunci: Ayam arab, pangan fungsional, ulat hongkong, tanaman Kata kunci: Ayam arab, pangan fungsional, ulat hongkong, tanaman
Produksi Gas Metana (CH4) dari Feses Sapi FH Laktasi dengan Pakan Rumput Gajah dan Jerami Padi Puspitasari, R.; Muladno, Muladno; Atabany, A.; Salundik, Salundik
Jurnal Ilmu Produksi dan Teknologi Hasil Peternakan Vol. 3 No. 1 (2015): Jurnal Ilmu Produksi dan Teknologi Hasil Peternakan
Publisher : Department of Animal Production and Technology, Faculty of Animal Science, IPB University in associated with Animal Scientist's Society of Indonesia (HILPI)

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Abstract

The aim of this experiment  was to compare the production of methane gas from lactating dairy cow feces by feeding with elephant grass (EG) and rice straw (RS). BALINGTAN methode in measuring methane gas was used in this research. Feces were collected as much as 1 kg in 24 hours and incubated for 8 weeks to measure methan gas. CRD (Complete Random Design) repeated measurements was used with 3 treatments : RS (100% rice straw), EG (100% elephant grass) and RSEG (50% rice straw + 50% elephant grass). Measured variables were methane gas, proximate feed analysis, feces proximate analysis, total of feces organic matter, ADF and NDF feces, C organics feces. Based on the research results generated methane gas production from lactating dairy cow feces had no significant in each treatment (P>0.05). The incubation process for 8 weeks showed a decreased of feces’s substrate and organic matters, significantly.  The decline of feces’s organic matter during fermentation was followed by methane gas production on 8th week in all treatments. It can be concluded that methane gas production from lactating dairy cow feces from RS, EG and RSEG produces methane equals but potentially, RS and RSEG higher than EGKeywords : methane gas, feces, lactating dairy cows, elephant grass, rice straw
Analisis Lingkungan Sekitar Tambang Nikel Terhadap Kualitas Ternak Sapi Pedaging di Kabupaten Halamahera Timur Gunawan, Gunawan; Priyanto, R.; Salundik, Salundik
Jurnal Ilmu Produksi dan Teknologi Hasil Peternakan Vol. 3 No. 1 (2015): Jurnal Ilmu Produksi dan Teknologi Hasil Peternakan
Publisher : Department of Animal Production and Technology, Faculty of Animal Science, IPB University in associated with Animal Scientist's Society of Indonesia (HILPI)

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Abstract

Continuous activity in nickel mining has resulted in steadily growing numbers of contaminants which influence the environment. Cattle rising nickel mining in East Halmahera are exposed to high contamination. This study was conducted to assess the presence of heavy metal contamination on soil, water, grass and animal products such as liver and meet. The method used were survey and case study. The parameters measured were the heavy metal content (Pb), Cadmium (Cd), Arsenic (As) and Mercury (Hg) in soil, water, grass and sample of cattle liver and meat. The samples were analyzed using AAS (Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry) method. Thedata obtained were analyzed descriptively and t-test was used to asses the difference results of all parameters measured from two locations. The results showed that Pb in water and outside mining location were 0.1367 and 0.0770 ppm, respectively. Hg concentration in soil, water, grass, liver and meet callte raised around mining location were 17.8725, 0.0447, 6.6925, 7.4910 and 4.7210 ppb, respectively. The water around mining was contaminated with Pb. The contaminanion of Hg on soil, water and grass around mining areas, and also the liver and meat samples of cattle were exceeded the maximum standard that could be tolerated.Keywords: heavymetal,mining nickel,contamination, beef cattle.
Kajian Teknis Operasional dan Lingkungan Rumah Potong Hewan Taliwang Kabupaten Sumbawa Barat Saputra, H. S.; Nuraini, H.; Priyanto, R.; Salundik, Salundik
Jurnal Ilmu Produksi dan Teknologi Hasil Peternakan Vol. 3 No. 2 (2015): Jurnal Ilmu Produksi dan Teknologi Hasil Peternakan
Publisher : Department of Animal Production and Technology, Faculty of Animal Science, IPB University in associated with Animal Scientist's Society of Indonesia (HILPI)

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Abstract

There are three issues that must be concerned by the slaughterhouse in carrying out its activities which are the technical requirements, service quality and environmental impacts. This study was done to investigate: 1) the suitability of physical requirement and human resources; 2) public satisfaction index and 3) wastewater quality. The study was conducted in Taliwang, West Sumbawa Regency, West Nusa Tenggara Province from April to September 2014. Wastewater quality was analyzed in The Central Laboratory of Lombok Island Public Health. The Public Health Office of West Nusa Tenggara Province. The data obtained were analyzed descriptively than compared with the applicable regulations. The results showed that the suitability of physical requirement and human resources were 91.5 and 160, respectively. Public satisfaction index was 84.70  and wastewater quality such as BOD, COD, TSS, oils and greases, and pH were 2905 mg l-1; 19000 mg l-1; 510 mg l-1; <1 mg l-1 and 6, respectively. The physical requirements were not suitable (TS) and human resources were less suitable (KS) with The Agriculture Minister Regulations No. 13 in 2010, service performance was very good and wastewater quality (BOD, COD and TSS) were higher than standard of The Environment Minister Regulation No. 2 in 2006.
Co-Authors A. Atabany, A. A. Lestari A. Lestari, A. A. M. Fuah A. M. Fuah, A. M. A. Yani A. Yani Abdul Alim Yamin Adityawarman, A. C. Adrial Adrial Adrial Adrial Adrial Adrial Adrial, Adrial Ahmad Wahyudi ahmad yani Ahmad Yani Alfikri, Muhammad Fauzan Alla Asmara Amalia Fitria Anhar Faisal Fanani Ani Suryani Ari Wibowo Armansyah Halomoan Tambunan Asma'ul Fitriana Nurhidayah Asmaul Fitriana Nurhidayah Asmaul Fitriana Nurhidayah Asnath Maria Fuah Asnath Maria Fuah, Asnath Maria Astari Apriantini Atabany, Afton Azhar Amir B. P. Purwanto Bagus Priyo Purwanto Burhanuddin Masy'ud C. D. Darmawan Cahyo Budiman Cece Sumantri Cintiyah, Farida D A Astuti D A Astuti D. Murtini D. Sopandie Dea Fauzia Lestari, Dea Fauzia Detiara, Azzahra Didi Soepandi Edi Sumitro Edy Hartulistiyoso Endrawati, Yuni Cahya Epi Taufik Fajri, Aulia Irhamni Fajrih, Nurul Firdaus, F. Fuah, AM Fuah, Asnath Mariah Gunawan Gunawan H. Nuraini H. Nuraini Hablinur Alkindi Hadi Susilo Arifin Hasdi, A. A. Hasrin Henny Nuraini Hermawansyah Hermawansyah Hutagaol, Manuntun Paruliah I Komang Gede Wiryawan I. Prihantoro, I. Irma Isnafia Arief Islami, Amelia Kamila Ita Mentayani Iwan Prihantoro J Takahashi J Takahashi Jakaria Jakaria K. Mahmuda Karti PDMH Kocu, N. Kocu, O. Komala, Iyep L. Abdullah L. CYRILLA Liberty, Sandra Lucia Cyrilla Eko Nugrohowati Luki Abdullah M. Arifin M. S. Soenarno M. Ulfah M. W. Prayoga Matutu, Ardi Moch. Sriduresta Soenarno Muhamad Arifin, Muhamad Muhamad Najibulloh Muhasibi, H. Mujizat Kawaroe Murtini, Devi Nahrowi Nahrowi Negara, Windu Niken Ulupi Nurhidayah, Asma'ul Fitriana Nurmeiliasari P. D. M. H. Karti P. Yulianso Panca Dewi Pongtuluran, Ardi Matutu Praptiningsih G.A. Puspitasari, R. Q. Alifiya R Priyanto R Priyanto R. Priyanto R. Priyanto Rifa Rafiatu Syabani Wihansah Rohmatul Anwar Rudy Priyanto S. Liberty S. Prabowo S. S. Mansjoer S.S. Mansjoer Salafudin . Samsu Alam Rab Santoso, A. J. Saputra, H. S. Satriyo K. Wahyono Septian Bima Fajar Prambudi Setiawan, Favian Albin Setya Permana Sutisna Siti Mujdalipah Soenarno, Moch. Sriduresta SRI RAHAYU St Chadijah St. Chadijah Suhardi Sumiati Suryahadi (Suryahadi) Suryahadi Suryahadi Sutoyo, Edi Sylvia Laatung Talithania, D. Tamara Putri Utami Titim Rahmawati Tony Liwang Tuti Suryati, Tuti Vebriyanti, Ely Verika Armansyah Mendrofa W. Ridwan W. Ridwan Wiryawan, I Komang G Y. C. Endrawati Yudhi Sudarto Zakiah Wulandari