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Enhancing Facial Emotion Recognition on FER2013 Using Attention-based CNN and Sparsemax-Driven Class-Balanced Architectures Suwartono, Christiany; Bata, Julius Victor Manuel; Airlangga, Gregorius
Buletin Ilmiah Sarjana Teknik Elektro Vol. 7 No. 4 (2025): December
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.12928/biste.v7i4.14510

Abstract

Facial emotion recognition plays a critical role in various human–computer interaction applications, yet remains challenging due to class imbalance, label noise, and subtle inter-class visual similarities. The FER2013 dataset, containing seven emotion classes, is particularly difficult because of its low resolution and heavily skewed label distribution. This study presents a comparative investigation of advanced deep learning architectures against traditional machine-learning baselines on FER2013 to address these challenges and improve recognition performance. Two novel architectures are proposed. The first is an attention-based convolutional neural network (CNN) that integrates Mish activations and squeeze-and-excitation (SE) channel recalibration to enhance the discriminative capacity of intermediate features. The second, FastCNN-SE, is a refined extension designed for computational efficiency and minority-class robustness, incorporating Sparsemax activation, Poly-Focal loss, class-balanced reweighting, and MixUp augmentation. The research contribution is demonstrating how combining attention, sparse activations, and imbalance-aware learning improves FER performance under challenging real-world conditions. Both models were extensively evaluated: the attention-CNN under 10-fold cross-validation, achieving 0.6170 accuracy and 0.555 macro-F1, and FastCNN-SE on the held-out test set, achieving 0.5960 accuracy and 0.5138 macro-F1. These deep models significantly outperform PCA-based Logistic Regression, Linear SVC, and Random Forest baselines (≤0.37 accuracy and ≤0.29 macro-F1). We additionally justify the differing evaluation protocols by emphasizing cross-validation for architectural stability and held-out testing for generalization and note that FastCNN-SE contains ~3M parameters, enabling efficient inference. These findings demonstrate that architecture-level fusion of SE attention, Sparsemax, and Poly-Focal loss improves balanced emotion recognition, offering a strong foundation for future studies on efficient and robust affective-computing systems.
What Attracts Indonesians to Travel? A Study of Indonesian Tourist Destination Attributes Yosua, Immanuel; Suwartono, Christiany
Jurnal Kepariwisataan: Destinasi, Hospitalitas dan Perjalanan Vol. 9 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Research and Community Service Center, Politeknik Pariwisata NHI Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.34013/jk.v9i2.2221

Abstract

Indonesia is an archipelagic nation with natural beauty and diverse world‑class tourist destinations. The tourism sector has experienced rapid growth post‑pandemic, although it still leans toward well‑established destinations. Therefore, identifying destination attributes is crucial for understanding the attributes considered important by Indonesian tourist. This study used a quantitative design, enriched with a qualitative approach. Data were collected from 332 respondents through convenience sampling. It further utilized the Destination Attributes associated with Tourists’ Revisit Intention instrument modified for the Indonesian context. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, while qualitative data were analyzed using thematic analysis. The results reveal that, quantitatively, the most important attribute for Indonesian tourists is the ambience of tourist attractions, followed by other attributes. This finding aligns with the qualitative insights, which highlight the significance of safety and comfort at destinations. Regarding tourism type, nature‑themed attributes are deemed most important and should be enhanced with supporting facilities and local hospitality. Nevertheless, this study has limitations because the participants were urban, young, and highly educated, limiting generalizability beyond this group. The study finally underscores the need for government and tourist managers to incorporate these findings to ensure the sustainability of tourism destinations.