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Discover Crimes against Humanity as Gross Violations of Human Rights: International and Indonesia Perspectives Gde Made Swardhana
Susbtantive Justice International Journal of Law Vol 4 No 2 (2021): Substantive Justice International Journal of Law
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Universitas Muslim Indonesia, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33096/substantivejustice.v4i2.133

Abstract

The human rights law is not identical with international humanitarian law. This article attempts to explore both the relation and the difference between gross human rights violation and violation of international humanitarian law. While, for Indonesia context, crimes against humanity was arranged in the Human Rights Court Law, however, it is still raise discourses related with the limitation of crime against humanity that different with international law instruments, and it also raises problem for Judges and Human Rights Court to define the crimes against humanity as the legal ground for several gross violation of human rights that adjudicate within this framework. This article use normative legal research method to conduct, analyze, and arrange crime against humanity formulation with statutory law approach, legal conceptual approach, and legal cases approach. This article concluded with the limitation that highlighted whether gross human rights violation can be prosecuted and punished using international humanitarian law. This article also stressing normative and conceptual aspect related with development of crimes against humanity, its element of crime and its application by judicial system.
UPAYA PEMBAHARUAN HUKUM DI INDONESIA DALAM MELAKUKAN KRIMINALISASI TERHADAP MARITAL RAPE Putu Jayanti Adelia Masridewi; Gde Made Swardhana
Kertha Negara : Journal Ilmu Hukum Vol 10 No 4 (2022)
Publisher : Kertha Negara : Journal Ilmu Hukum

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Abstract

ABSTRAK Tujuan dari ditulisnya jurnal ini adalah untuk mengetahui kebijakan pembaharuan hukum di Indonesia terhadap pengaturan kekerasan seksual marital rape dan mengetahui peran negara dalam kriminalisasi marital rape. Jenis penelitian hukum normatif merupakan metode yang digunakan penulis dalam penyusunan jurnal ini melalui bahan pustaka yang hasil analisisnya didapatkan dari data primer dan sekunder yang dikumpulkan. Marital rape merupakan satu dari sekian banyak bentuk kekerasan seksual berupa pemaksaan dari salah satu pihak untuk melakukan hubungan seksual dalam perkawinan. Hal ini dapat terjadi karena masih adanya pengaruh budaya patriarki di Indonesia. KUHP tidak mengatur mengenai perkosaan yang terjadi di dalam perkawinan dan hanya mengatur mengenai perkosaan yang terjadi diluar perkawinan. Maka dari itu dibentuklah UU PKDRT, RKUHP, dan UU TPKS yang memuat pasal mengenai kekerasan seksual yang tentunya juga mencakup marital rape secara spesifik dibanding KUHP, sebagai upaya dari negara untuk menghapus kekerasan seksual yang salah satunya adalah marital rape, dan memberikan korban perlindungan dengan melakukan kriminalisasi terhadap marital rape. Kata Kunci: Pembaharuan hukum, Kriminalisasi, Perkosaan dalam rumah tangga. ABSTRACT The primary objective of this journal is to understand regarding Indonesia's law reform approach for preventing marital rape or other sexual violence, in addition to the state's contribution to making marital rape a crime. The author prepared this journal by using method of normative legal study through library resources, whose analytical findings were derived from primary and secondary data collected. Marital rape is one of the many forms of sexual violence in the form of coercion from one party to have sexual relations in marriage. This can happen because of the influence of patriarchal culture in Indonesia. The Criminal Code does not regulate rape that occurs within marriage and only regulates rape that occurs outside of marriage. Therefore, the PKDRT Law, RKUHP, and TPKS Law were formed which contain articles on sexual violence which of course also include marital rape specifically compared to the Criminal Code, as an effort from the state to eliminate sexual violence, one of which is marital rape, and provide victims with protection by committing criminalization of marital rape. Key Words: Legal reform, Criminalization, Marital Rape.
PERTANGGUNGJAWABAN PIDANA ANAK YANG MELAKUKAN TINDAKAN CYBER BULLYING DI MEDIA SOSIAL Ni Made Galuh Dwi Safitri; Gde Made Swardhana
Kertha Negara : Journal Ilmu Hukum Vol 10 No 5 (2022)
Publisher : Kertha Negara : Journal Ilmu Hukum

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Abstract

ABSTRAK Penulisan ini memiliki tujuan untuk memberikan pengetahuan lebih lanjut tentang peraturan hukum mengenai tindak cyber bullying oleh anak yang termasuk dalam tindak pidana anak, dan bentuk dari pertanggungjawaban pidana anak yang melangsungkan tindak cyber bullying tersebut sebagai tindak lanjut atas perbuatan yang dilakukan. Metode yang digunakan untuk mendalami tujuan penulisan ini yaitu metode penelitian hukum normatif, yakni metode penelitian ini mengkaji hukum sebagai norma yang dalam hal ini terjadi kekaburan norma terhadap pertanggungjawaban pidana anak atas perbuatan cyber bullying. Hasil mengenai permasalahan dalam penelitian ini yaitu mengenai perbuatan cyber bullying yang dilakukan oleh anak diatur dalam Undang-undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2018 tentang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik dan Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana (KUHP). Sedangkan bentuk pertanggungjawaban pidana terhadap pelaku (anak) lebih spesifik diatur dalam Pasal 1 Angka 3 Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2012 tentang Sistem Peradilan Pidana Anak, bahwa seorang anak harus genap berusia 12 tahun, namun belum berusia 18 tahun untuk dapat bertanggungjawab atas suatu tindak pidana di depan hukum. Apabila anak tersebut belum mencukupi batas usia, maka termasuk belum cakap untuk mempertanggungjawabkan perbuatannya sehingga nantinya bisa diberikan pembinaan semata. Kata Kunci : Anak, Cyber Bullying, Media Sosial, Pertanggungjawaban Pidana, ABSTRACT This writing has the aim of providing further knowledge about legal regulations regarding cyber bullying by children which are included in child crimes, and the form of criminal responsibility for children who carry out cyber bullying as a follow-up to the actions taken. The method used to explore the purpose of this paper is a normative legal research method, namely this research method examines the law as a norm which in this case is a vagueness of norms against children's criminal responsibility for cyber bullying. The results regarding the problems in this study, namely cyber bullying by children are regulated in Law Number 11 of 2018 concerning Information and Electronic Transactions and the Criminal Code (KUHP). While the form of criminal responsibility against perpetrators (children) is more specifically regulated in Article 1 Point 3 of Law Number 11 of 2012 concerning the Juvenile Criminal Justice System, that a child must be even 12 years old, but not yet 18 years old to be responsible for an act. criminal before the law. If the child does not meet the age limit, then it includes not being able to take responsibility for his actions so that later only coaching can be given. Keywords: Children, Cyber ??Bullying, Social Media, Criminal Liability
PENEGAKAN HUKUM TINDAK PIDANA KORUPSI DI INDONESIA TERHADAP KORUPTOR DENGAN VONIS PIDANA MATI Ni Wayan Riska Anggreni; Gde Made Swardhana
Kertha Negara : Journal Ilmu Hukum Vol 10 No 10 (2022)
Publisher : Kertha Negara : Journal Ilmu Hukum

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ABSTRAK Tujuan dari studi adalah untuk mengetahui Pengaturan Hukum yang ada bagi koruptor dengan tuntutan dan vonis pidana mati di Indoneisa dan juga demi mengetahui tentang bagaimanakah Penegakan Hukum yang ada terhadap koruptor dengan vonis pidana mati di Indonesia Penelitian ini ditulis dengan penggunaan metode penelitian hukum normatif serta pendekatan perundang-undangan (statute approach) dan pendekatan konseptual. Hasil dari studi menampilkan bahwa Pengaturan hukum atau Dasar hukum yang membuat pengaturan mengenai Tindak Pidana Korupsi (Tipikor) di Indonesia yakni “Undang-Undang Nomor 31 tahun 1999 Tentang Pemeberantasan tindak pidana korupsi” jo “Undang-Undang Nomor 20 tanun 2001 tentang perubahan atas Undang-Undang Nomor 31 tahun 1999 Tentang Pemeberantasan tindak pidana korupsi”, dimana Pidana mati pada Undang-Undang tersebut diatur pada pasal 2 ayat 2. Namun Penengakan hukum terhadap pidana mati Bagi Koruptor di Indonesia belum mendapat sinkronisasi yang jelas dengan Pengaturan hukumnya yang tertera dalam “pasal 2 ayat 2 Undang-Undang Nomor 20 tahun 2001” tersebut. Dimana penegakan hukumnya dan pengaturannya baik dari vonis dan tuntutan yang dilakukan hakim ataupun jaksa masih belum berjalan selaras. Kata Kunci: Pengaturan Hukum, Penegakan Hukum, Tindak Pidana Korupsi, Pidana mati ABSTRACT The purpose of this study is to find out the legal arrangements for corruptors with prosecution and death penalty sentences in Indonesia and also to find out how law enforcement against corruptors with prosecutions and death penalty sentences in Indonesia. (statute approach) and conceptual approach. The results of the study show that the legal arrangement or legal basis that regulates the crime of corruption in Indonesia is Law Number 31 of 1999 concerning the Eradication of criminal acts of corruption in conjunction with Law Number 20 of 2001 concerning amendments to Law Number 31 of 1999 concerning Eradication. Criminal acts of corruption, where the death penalty in the law is regulated in article 2 paragraph 2. However, law enforcement against the death penalty for corruptors in Indonesia has not received a clear synchronization with the legal arrangements stated in article 2 paragraph 2 of Law Number 20 of 2001. Where the law enforcement and its regulation, both from verdicts and demands made by judges or prosecutors, are still not in harmony. Keyword: Law Regulation, Law Enforcement, Corruption, Death Penalty
PENEGAKAN HUKUM TERHADAP ANAK SEBAGAI PELAKU TINDAK PIDANA PEMERKOSAAN ANAK Ni Kadek Dwi Apriani; Gde Made Swardhana
Kertha Negara : Journal Ilmu Hukum Vol 11 No 2 (2023)
Publisher : Kertha Negara : Journal Ilmu Hukum

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ABSTRAK Tujuan dari penelitian yakni mengkaji “bagaimana penegakan hukum jika anak dinyatakan sebagai pelaku dalam suatu kejahatan tindak pidana pemerkosaan”. Adapun metode yang di masukkan ke dalam penelitian yakni penelitian hukum normatif karena penggunaan perundang-undangan serta hanya memakai bahan pustaka, sehingga penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif. Dengan dilakukannya penelitian normatif, peneliti mencari menyeluruh beragam hal berhubungan terhadap perlindungan anak pada kasus tindak pidana pemerkosaan khususnya Pasal 285 KUHP yang mengatur tentang “Tindak Pidana Pemerkosaan” beserta fakta pendukung terhadap dukungan kajian peraturan dari perundang-undangan. Pada sistem peradilan pidana anak penegakan hukum pada perkara pidana anak hendaklah diutamakan dengan pendekatan restorative justice melalui sistem diversi. Anak perannya sebagai pelaku tindak pidana pemerkosaan bukan hanya wajib mempertanggungjawabkan perbuatannya, namun juga mempunyai hak memperoleh perlindungan hukum. Sesuai dengan ketentuan pada “Pasal 64 UU No 23 Tahun 2002 jo. UU No. 35 Tahun 2014” tentang “Perlindungan Anak”. Namun apabila anak sebagai pelaku tindak pidana pemerkosaan yang diancam Pasal 285 KUHP tetap bisa dilaksanakannya proses diversi dengan pendekatan restorative justice. Hal ini disesuaikan dengan asas hukum pidana yakni Lex Posterior Derogat Legi Priori yang bermakna bahwa “peraturan yang baru ditetapkan dapat mengesampingkan peraturan yang terdahulu”. Kata kunci : anak, tindak pidana, pertanggungjawaban pidana, kejahatan pemerkosaan ABSTACT The purpose of this study is to examine how the law is enforced if a child is declared a perpetrator in a crime of rape. The method that is included in this research is normative research because it uses legislation and only uses library materials, so this research is descriptive. With this normative approach, various matters related to child protection in cases of rape, especially Article 285 of the Criminal Code, which regulates the Crime of Rape and supporting facts are sought with the support of a review of legislation. In the juvenile criminal justice system, law enforcement in juvenile criminal cases should be prioritized with a restorative justice approach through a diversion system. Children as perpetrators of the crime of rape are not only obliged to take responsibility for their actions, but also have the right to obtain legal protection. In accordance with the provisions of Article 64 of Act No. 23 of 2002 jo. Act no. 35 of 2014 concerning Child Protection. However, if the child is the perpetrator of the crime of rape which is threatened with Article 285 of the Criminal Code, diversion can still be carried out. This is in accordance with the principle of criminal law, namely Lex Posterior Derogat Legi Priori, which means that the newly enacted regulations can override the previous regulations. Keywords: children, crime, criminal responsibility, rape crime
PRO KONTRA HUKUM YANG HIDUP DIMASYARAKAT DALAM UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 1 TAHUN 2023 TENTANG KITAB UNDANG-UNDANG HUKUM PIDANA Kevin Ryadi Saragih; Gde Made Swardhana
Kertha Negara : Journal Ilmu Hukum Vol 11 No 5 (2023)
Publisher : Kertha Negara : Journal Ilmu Hukum

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The existence of living law in the criminal code of the Republic of Indonesia (Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 2023) has caused debates among the public and academics. The purpose of this legal research paper is to describe two opposing arguments on this matter. The paper uses normatif research methods with a statutory and conceptual approach. The results of the study show contrasting opinions on the existence of living law in the criminal code. Proponents argue that legal pluralism in Indonesia should be utilized to strengthen customary & state law and to help law enforcement solve legal problems in society fairly. However, opponents believe that the application of living law disturbs the principle of legality and has the potential to harm human rights.
The Opportunities for Surrogacy Legalization Between the Right to Have Children and A Loophole of Trafficking Wawan Edi Prastiyo; Gde Made Swardhana
PADJADJARAN Jurnal Ilmu Hukum (Journal of Law) Vol 10, No 2 (2023): PADJADJARAN JURNAL ILMU HUKUM (JOURNAL OF LAW)
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Universitas Padjadjaran

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The phenomenon of producing surrogate mother facilities has been recognized in some countries, although Indonesia indirectly prohibits the practice. The practice is also feared to be a new form of human trafficking. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the opportunities for surrogacy legalization regarding its perspectives between human rights and the loophole of trafficking. In this study, three problems were formulated: (1) the legal status of children born from a surrogate mother; (2) the legality of a surrogate mother in Indonesian law; and (3) the opportunities for surrogacy legalization in legal reform. This study is a normative juridical study that examines the differences in legal systems in various countries regarding the regulation of surrogacy. The children delivered through surrogacy were the legal offspring of surrogate mothers. They were also likely to have a legal relationship with their biological parents as adopted children. Asides from these legal statuses, Indonesian law did not support the validity of the uterine lease agreement. This was due to its inseparability from the influence of religious and cultural values, which opposed the existence of surrogacy. Women and children have the potential to become victims of exploitation, even though the practice of surrogate motherhood is very harmful to their health. The practice subsequently prioritized the opportunity to become a new form of human trafficking. Various international legal instruments that exist can be used as a reference to prohibit the existence of surrogate mothers.DOI: https://doi.org/10.22304/pjih.v10n2.a3
Analisis Pengesahan Undang-Undang Tindak Pidana Kekerasan Seksual Terhadap Korban Tindak Pidana Revenge Porn Gusti Arya Dharma Kusuma; Gde Made Swardhana
Kertha Negara : Journal Ilmu Hukum Vol 11 No 6 (2023)
Publisher : Kertha Negara : Journal Ilmu Hukum

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Tujuan dari penulisan jurnal ini adalah untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis tentang tindak pidana revenge porn dari kacamata hukum pidana serta analisis pengesahan undang-undang tindak pidana kekerasan seksual atau UU TPKS guna menjamin kepastian hukum dan hak korban tindak pidana revenge porn. Penulisan jurnal ini tergolong penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan. Berdasarkan hasil yang telah ditemukan dalam penulisan jurnal ini, bahwasannya pengesahan UU TPKS dipelopori oleh beberapa ketentuan hukum positif di Indonesia yang belum cukup untuk mewadahi tindak pidana revenge porn dikarenakan posisi korban dapat beralih menjadi pelaku dalam suatu peristiwa pidana yang tergolong kejahatan terhadap kesusilaan.
TEORI KRIMINOLOGI DALAM MEMECAHKAN KEJAHATAN PENCURIAN BESERTA KEKERASAN YANG DILAKUKAN SECARA BERLANJUT (PASAL 365 KUHP) Ni Made Indah Gayatri; Gede Made Swardhana
Jurnal Media Akademik (JMA) Vol. 2 No. 10 (2024): JURNAL MEDIA AKADEMIK Edisi Oktober
Publisher : PT. Media Akademik Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62281/v2i10.859

Abstract

Pengkajian ini memiliki tujuan guna mengetahui teori-teori kriminologi yang berkembang serta untuk mengetahui bagaimana teori kriminologi dalam memecahkan kejahatan pencurian beserta kekerasan yang dilakukan secara berlanjut, terkhusus sebagai halnya yang dimaksud dalam KUHP Pasal 365. Metodologi penelitian hukum yang bersifat normatif melalui pendekatan perundang-undangan merupakan metodologi yang diterapkan dalam melakukan pengkajian ini. Hasil dari studi didapatkan kesimpulan mengenai teori kriminologi yang digunakan dalam menganalisis pemecahan persoalan kasus kejahatan pencurian beserta kekerasan yang dilakukan secara berlanjut adalah teori strain atau teori anomie, yang menyoroti kondisi anomie yaitu saat suatu kekerabatan dideskripsikan dengan ketaksimetrisan dalam hal tatanan kehiupan sosial mereka sebagai faktor yang dapat memicu perilaku menyimpang. Beberapa pendekatan yang dapat diambil untuk memecahkan kejahatan pencurian beserta kekerasan yang dilakukan secara berlanjut, sebagai berikut: a) rekonstruksi norma dan nilai sosial; b) peningkatan pengawasan sosial; c) pemberdayaan kekerabatan; d) perbaikan sistem pendidikan dan kesejahteraan; e) pengembangan program resosialisasi; dan f) penegakan hukum yang efektif.
Discover Crimes against Humanity as Gross Violations of Human Rights: International and Indonesia Perspectives Swardhana, Gde Made
Susbtantive Justice International Journal of Law Vol 4 No 2 (2021): Substantive Justice International Journal of Law
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Universitas Muslim Indonesia, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33096/substantivejustice.v4i2.133

Abstract

The human rights law is not identical with international humanitarian law. This article attempts to explore both the relation and the difference between gross human rights violation and violation of international humanitarian law. While, for Indonesia context, crimes against humanity was arranged in the Human Rights Court Law, however, it is still raise discourses related with the limitation of crime against humanity that different with international law instruments, and it also raises problem for Judges and Human Rights Court to define the crimes against humanity as the legal ground for several gross violation of human rights that adjudicate within this framework. This article use normative legal research method to conduct, analyze, and arrange crime against humanity formulation with statutory law approach, legal conceptual approach, and legal cases approach. This article concluded with the limitation that highlighted whether gross human rights violation can be prosecuted and punished using international humanitarian law. This article also stressing normative and conceptual aspect related with development of crimes against humanity, its element of crime and its application by judicial system.
Co-Authors A A Ngurah Bagus Pradhana Ningrat Abda Abda Aditya Peramana Maheztra Agung Ngurah Galang Widura Pandji Akrom, Akrom Anak Agung Bagus Juniarta Anak Agung Ketut Sukranatha Anak Agung Ngurah Wirasila Anak Agung Ngurah Yusa Darmadi Bagus Gede Brahma Putra Cintya Dwi Santoso Cangi Desak Putu Dewi Kasih Dewa Ayu Indra Dewi Diah Ratna Sari Hariyanto Dian Barry Wahyudi Dio Feri Pabaruno Dwi Pusparini Eviera Riza Indriani Firdalia Emyta Nurdiana Isliko Gusti Agung Adi Pramana Gusti Arya Dharma Kusuma Gusti Ayu Cindy Permata Sari Hariyanto, Diah Ratna Sari Hermon N. H. Hutasoit I Gede Ardian Paramandika I Gede Krisnata I Gusti Ngurah Bagus Pramana I Gusti Ngurah Parwata I Kadek Angga Satya Pardidinata I Ketut Mertha I Ketut Mertha I Ketut putra, I Ketut I Ketut Rai Setiabudhi I Komang Oka Wijaya Kusuma I Made Ardana I Made Santiawan I Made Suryantara Widi I Made Walesa Putra I Nengah Arya Sedana Yoga I Nyoman Sukandia I Putu Asajania I Putu Budi Arta Yama I Putu Eka Dipratama I Wayan Brahmana Putra Ida Ayu Kade Febriyana Dharmayanti Ida Bagus Kade Wahyu Sudhyatmika Ida Bagus Surya Darmajaya Jeremia Reynovan Kadek Bela Rusmawati Hanaya Kadek Derik Yunita Sari Kadek Velantika Adi Putra Keristiawan, Putu Agus Kevin Ryadi Saragih Komang Ayu Dina Maylina Komang Prawira Nugraha Lidya Permata Dewi Luh Nia Sasmita Made Dwitya Paramaswari Made Lia Pradnya Paramita Made Satria Wibawa, Made Satria Made Supartha Mardiyah . Monteiro, Seguito Muliawan, I Kadek Krisna Ni Kadek Dwi Apriani Ni Luh Vena Puspa Yanti Ni Made Galuh Dwi Safitri Ni Made Indah Gayatri Ni Putu Asti Ariningsih Ni Putu Juniasih Ni Putu Nugrahaeni Ni Putu Wahyu Mas Sanggia Suari Ni Wayan Riska Anggreni Nina Khadijah Maulidia Nyoman Ananda Try Saputra Nyoman Bela Putra Atmaja Pande Putu Mega Rahma Wulandari pradnyani paramitha, anak agung istri Pramana, I Gede Willy Prasetya, Ketut Wahyu Purwani, Sagung M.E. Putu Ami Febriyanasia Putu Ayu Mirah Permatasari Putu Jayanti Adelia Masridewi Putu Kartika Sastra Rahmawati Angelica Revi Septiana Resta, Ngurah Wahyu Ryan Gabriel Siregar Sagung Putri M. E. Purwani Setianti, Ni Kadek Dwi Febi Sri Rahmi Syahruddin Veronica Novinna Vinshi, Vedro Julio Wawan Edi Prastiyo Wayan Satria Pramana Putra Wayan Suardana Wenty Valda Estrada Pakpahan Yanuar Agung Sudjateruna Yeremia Toga Sinaga Yudi Gabriel Tololiu Yudik Putra