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Daimon Syukri
Universitas Andalas
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Journal : Journal of Applied Agricultural Science and Technology

 1 
Investigation of the Effect of Heating Duration in Gambier (Uncaria gambir Roxb.) Processing on Its Phytochemical Composition and the Resulting Characteristics of a Gambier-based Acne Balm Product Tio, Rilvi Muhammad; Rosyadah, Najla; Novizar, Novizar; Rini, Rini; Anggraini, Tuty; Ahmed, Umar; Refdi, Cesar Welya; Syukri, Daimon
Journal of Applied Agricultural Science and Technology Vol. 9 No. 3 (2025): Journal of Applied Agricultural Science and Technology
Publisher : Green Engineering Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55043/jaast.v9i3.443

Abstract

Gambier (Uncaria gambir Roxb.) contains potent bioactive compounds with strong natural antimicrobial properties, making it a promising ingredient for acne treatment. However, its application in topical formulations remains limited due to a lack of understanding regarding the impact of processing conditions, particularly heating, on its functional efficacy. This study investigated the effect of heating duration on the characteristics of an acne treatment balm formulated with black cube gambier. Experiments using a completely randomized design (CRD) were carried out for 0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes of heating durations to evaluate the balm's physical, chemical, and microbial properties. The results demonstrate that heating duration significantly influenced key parameters, including homogeneity, spreadability, melting point, irritation potential, texture, color, pH, total phenol content, and antibacterial activity (p < 0.05). The most optimal results were obtained at 120 minutes, yielding a balm with superior homogeneity, spreadability (4.47 cm), melting point (50°C), pH (7.44), total phenol content (54.28%), and diameter of the inhibition zone (16.35 mm). FTIR analysis confirmed an increase in phenolic compound stability, indicating enhanced antibacterial potential. These findings suggest that extended heating duration improves the stability and performance of gambier-based formulations. The optimized acne balm formulation highlights the potential of locally sourced gambier as a natural, eco-friendly acne treatment. Further research is recommended to evaluate product shelf-life, consumer acceptability, and industrial scalability.
Co-Authors Adhitya Jessica Adlis Santoni Admeiva Fitri, Aulia Ahmed, Umar Aidila Fitria, Eddwina Aisman Aisman Al-Hafit, Busra Alfi Asben Amaliyah Tarumiyo, Aurelia Amelia Hariry Andriani, Yola Anni Faridah Annisa Fauziah Annisa Fauziah, Annisa Annisyia Zarina Putri Anwar Kasim Aprialdho, Rivan Ardinis Arbain Asmak Afriliana Aulia Azhar Aurelia Amaliyah Tarumiyo Aurelia Amaliyah Tarumiyo Awalina, Rahmi Azzahra, Yasmin Bahar, Rini Bahari, Asniati Binoj, Joseph Selvi Cesar Wellya Refdi Cesar Welya Refdi Chairul Chamel, Arisvan Darwir, Djaswir Darwir, Djaswir Deden Dermawan Deden Dermawan Septina Dendi Adi Saputra Devi Purnama Sari Diana Sylvi Diana Sylvi Dina, Mivtahul Dini Hari, Purnama Dita Fitriani Djaswir Darwis Emil Salim Eva Yuniritha, Eva Fachrur Rozi Fachrur Rozi Fauzan Azima Felga Zulfia Radiana Felga Zulfia Rasdiana Felga Zulfia Rasiana Feri Arlius Firda Az zahra Halwa, Haniyatul Haniyatul Halwa Hasbullah Hasbullah Hasbullah Hasbullah Helmi Helmi Helmizar Heni Pujiastuti Heru Suryanto Humaira, Bunga Permata Huswatun Hasanah Indra Junaidi Zakaria Irfan Suliansyah Ismed Ismed Ismed Ismed Jaswandi . Jessica, Adhitya Joni Kusnadi Khandra Fahmy Komarudin Komarudin Kurnia Harlina Dewi Laimnimitr, Napassawan LINDAWATI Mahfuzatul Khairani Malrianti, Yefsi Maria Liko K Tapun Marlis Salisma Meuthia Fiana, Risa Mislaini Mislaini Mivtahul Dina Muhammad Arwani Muhammad Makky N Nazir Nanda, Ririn Fatma Netty Sri Indeswari Nguyen Ngoc Thanh Nguyen Nika Rahma Yanti Nobutaka Ito Novelina Novelina Novizar Nazir Novizar Novizar Novizar, Novizar Nusantara, Fajar Olivia, Adinda Pirma, Dio Sandhika Purnama Dini Hari Putri Wulandari Zainal Rahmayani Rahmi Holinesti Rahmi Padilah Ramadani, Siska Fitri Reni Koja Rina Yenrina Rina Yenrina Rince Alfia Fadri RINI Rini B Rini Rini Rini Rini Rini Rini Rini Rini RINI RINI Rini Rini Ririn Fatma Nanda Ririn Fatma Nanda Risa Meuthia Fiana Rizkyanto, Ridwan Robbani, Syifa Rosyada, Inayah Rosyadah, Najla Rudi Alfiansyah Rudi Alfiansyah Rusdi, Faza Yazira Sahadi Didi Ismanto Sakinah, Restu Salim, Emil Santy Ayu Gultom, Eryka Saputri, Hendryanti Gita Saraswati, Lucia Sayuti, Kesuma Sepnita, Widia Sharafa, Salwa Ash Sukma, Puja Nadia Sylvi, Diana Tapun, Maria Liko K Thu, Nguyen Ngoc Anh Tio, Rilvi Muhammad Tuty Anggraini Ulhaq, Ulfieda Anwar Usman, Robby Wellyalina, Wellyalina Welya Refdi, Cesar Widia Sepnita Yanuhar, Uun Yasmin Azzahra Yasmin Azzahra Yeffi Yeffi Masnarivan Yolanda, Milda Yusniwati Yusniwati Yusniwati